tourist language in malaysia

Everything you need to know before visiting Malaysia

Feb 3, 2024 • 7 min read

Malaysia is a beautifully diverse country with tons to see and do – here's what you should know before you go © ibnjaafar / Getty Images

Dynamic, multi-cultural, and hugely underrated, Malaysia is Southeast Asia's unsung tropical hero. Marrying tradition, nature and modernity, it's a country of space-age cityscapes, Islamic minarets and gilded Chinese shrines. It's a world where South Indian temples back onto million-year-old rainforests, and this mish-mash can confuse first-timers.

From what to pack to navigating the nation's ethnic and religious tapestry, these are the top things to know before you embark on a trip to Malaysia – an experience that can often feel like being in several countries at once.

1. Malaysia is a dazzlingly diverse country

Be prepared for many types of culture shock. In multi-ethnic yet predominantly Islamic Peninsular Malaysia, a 69.8% majority of Malay Muslims share the land with ethnic Chinese, Tamil Indians and a dozen aboriginal groups categorized as orang asli (original peoples). This means that red lantern-studded Chinese temples sit next to Hindu gopurams (temple gates) and the onion-shaped domes of intricate, modern mosques. Prayers go up to the sky in three main languages – Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, and Tamil – and to three main religions: Islam, Chinese Taoism and Hinduism.

A short flight away across the South China Sea, the East Malaysian states of Sarawak and Sabah in Borneo feel like another world. The former has some 26 different ethnic groups, most of whom are Christian or Protestant, while Sabah is home to another 33 who communicate in over 50 languages and 80 dialects .

2. Pack for an eternal summer – but carry a light jacket

Tropical Malaysia enjoys steamy temperatures hovering around 86°F (30°C) year-round. All you really need to pack are light, loose-fitting cotton clothes to best cope with heat and humidity, and a pair of sneakers and flip-flops. If you forget anything, you can pick it up here. Also pack a hoodie or light jacket to prepare for the Malaysian habit of keeping air conditioning to frosty levels, especially inside shopping malls, buses and trains.

3. Technology is widely available… 

Kuala Lumpur must be one of the world's most futuristic cities, with ever-expanding highways, towers and skyscrapers eternally contending for space. Beyond the capital, there's excellent 4G mobile network coverage and fast wifi at most hotels and guest houses across the nation. Celcom is the best operator when traveling the Peninsula's jungly interior and Borneo. 

4. …but carry cash in the interior

ATMS (cashpoints) are widely available but thin out in the countryside, and they are often hard to find outside of Borneo's main cities. Stock up on the local currency, the Malaysian ringgit, if planning to go off the grid. 

5. The food is something to write home about

The delightfully spicy intricacies of Malaysian food (a concoction of curries, southern Chinese cuisines and pan-Indian dishes that never stop intermarrying) are best consumed fresh off the street, served without embellishments by local "uncles" – slang for older person – on plastic plates. 

The alternative is to sit and rub elbows with locals at a food court, or "hawker center" – large open areas, usually covered by a rooftop, packed with simple food stalls squeezed one against the other.

6. Partying is a bit more expensive

Compared to its backpacker-centric Southeast Asian neighbors Thailand , Cambodia and Vietnam , Malaysia is a more expensive party destination because of heavy taxes on alcohol, which is forbidden to Muslims. The rest of the population is free to drink but forced to pay a higher price.

Alcohol is widely available in major tourist cities like Kuala Lumpur, George Town, Ipoh , Melaka and Johor Bahru,  while in smaller towns, beer is most often available at Chinese-run businesses. The best antidote to steep drinks and cigarette prices is a visit to the tax-free islands of Langkawi and Tioman .

7. Dress casual but modest

Due to the constant heat, Malaysia's dress code is very casual. Wearing short pants, sandals, flip-flops and t-shirts is the accepted norm everywhere but is considered rude when visiting public offices, where long slacks, close-toed shoes and collared shirts are expected. In Malaysia's many kampung (villages), avoid revealing outfits to comply with local religious sensibilities. 

Modesty is also essential when choosing your beachwear. Bikinis and speedos are fine at big hotels, resorts and the tourist islands off the East Coast, such as Pulau Perhentian and Pulau Redang. But it's best to wear one-piece bathing suits and knee-length swimming trunks on any other beach, where the locals dip fully clothed.

8. It's OK to speak in English if you don't know Malay

Picking up some survival Bahasa Malaysia (Malay language), the national lingo, is pretty straightforward – with its Roman alphabet and absence of tones, it's one of the easiest Asian languages to learn. But it's fine to speak English, especially with Malaysian Chinese and Indians, whose mother tongues are not Malay. Blame it on the British colonization, but practically everyone can communicate in English, and most prefer to do so when talking to foreigners.

9. You might be unknowingly rude

When pointing at someone or something, use the thumb and not the index finger, which is considered rude in Malaysia. Always keep your voice down, for raising the tone is an absolute no-no – like asking direct questions, which many Malaysians may take as "losing face" or an invasion of their personal space.

When shaking hands, always remember to use your right hand, for the left is considered "toilet hand" in any Islamic culture. The only dining etiquette that matters in Malaysia is to never use the left hand when trying to eat with fingers like many locals do.

10. Respect nature, and its spirits 

When a bunch of foreign tourists bared their bottoms on top of Mount Kinabalu in 2015, enraged Kadazan-Dusun locals blamed their act for the consequent magnitude 5.9 earthquake that killed at least 16 and snapped one of the sacred mountain top's two iconic "Donkey Ear" outcrops. 

The animist beliefs that predate the arrival of Islam to the Malay Peninsula have helped foster a highly regarded supernatural world in which nature plays a crucial role. For example, it's common to "ask for permission" before urinating in the jungle, from where locals never bring anything back for fear of piggybacking a curse into their own homes. 

Whenever a group enters a forest, it's best to give out nicknames or not call out each other at all – spirits are always listening. The orang bunian (invisible forest-dwelling creatures comparable to elves) can trick hikers and campers into following them deep into the jungle to never be seen again.

11. Call 999 for any emergency

A single three-digit number, 999, connects to the police, the fire department, the ministry of health, the maritime enforcement agency and the Department of Civil Defence. Dial 999 112 if calling from a mobile phone. 

12. Boil the tap water

Because of increasing pollution of water sources and aging buildings fitted with rusted pipes, it's always best to boil tap water before drinking, or buy mineral water. Most hotels allow guests to refill their water containers. Carrying a water filtration system or purifying tablets can come in handy when striking out on multi-day hikes. 

13. Vaccines are recommended

It is advisable to travel to Malaysia after being inoculated against Hepatitis A, Tetanus and Typhoid. Malaria is generally not an issue in cities and most forested areas, so a prophylaxis is not strictly necessary. Dengue fever occurs sporadically in cities, but as there are no vaccines for it, the best strategy is to not get bitten by mosquitoes – use heavy-duty insect repellent.

Malaysia is one of Asia's top medical tourism destinations and boasts private hospitals equipped with excellent facilities. Make sure to have proper health insurance coverage, or be ready to pay for the premium.

14. Beware of snatch thieves

Traveling in Malaysia is generally a pretty safe experience for travelers of both sexes, but whether they travel solo or in groups, female travelers should pay attention when walking along the busiest roads of capital Kuala Lumpur – keep your bags away from the roadside, for motorbike snatch thieves are well-known to target women, and some attacks have resulted in a victim's death. 

15. How to travel safely for LGBTQI+ travelers 

While a 2021 court ruling suggests change may be afoot, same-sex relationships are not only taboo in Malaysia, they're banned by federal law. For the LGBTQI+ communities here, the golden rule is to avoid publicizing relationships. In fact, public displays of affection are frowned upon in Malaysia in general, no matter your sexual orientation.  

16. Drug offenses can get you to the gallows

Stay away from drugs in Malaysia, where 200g of cannabis, 15g of morphine or heroin, and 40g of cocaine mean a death sentence. Offenders are shaken down extremely hard or jailed even for carrying much less.

This article was first published Feb 27, 2022 and updated Feb 3, 2024.

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Things to Know Before Going to Malaysia: A First Timer’s Guide

29. September 2023 by tabithaschr Leave a Comment

You’re planning a trip to Malaysia and don’t know where to start? No problem, we got you covered! In this blog post we’ll explain everything you need to know as a first timer in Malaysia. Whether you want to know how to get to Malaysia or how to get around in Malaysia, the best places to visit, which currency to carry or which languages they speak, you’ll get your answers here.

When thinking about travelling in Southeast Asia , Malaysia is not necessarily the first country that comes to mind. But why not, actually? Similar to other countries in Asia, Malaysia is full of beautiful places worth exploring. From the bustling capital of Kuala Lumpur to quiet, secluded places full of nature. After spending several weeks in this country, we can’t help but feel it’s absolutely underrated and deserves more hype.

What can you expect when travelling to Malaysia?

That’s a question we honestly asked ourselves as well. Malaysia was somehow never really on our list, because feeds and stories are full of Thailand, the Philippines or Indonesia. During our research, we didn’t come across too much information and instead just made the experience ourselves.

Well, what can we say? Malaysia is quite similar to the otherwise popular countries. Here you will find beautiful sandy beaches , crystal clear water and great spots for diving, snorkeling or other water sports . In addition, you will find untouched nature and can experience wildlife up close. Whether it is orangutans, pygmy elephants or the famous proboscis monkeys. And if all this is not enough, you will find a lot of history , culture and the typical city life in the interior of the country.

In summary, you can say that in Malaysia you can find pretty much everything that makes a good vacation. There really is something for everyone here.

For whom is Malaysia the right destination?

Because Malaysia is such a diverse country , it is actually just right for everyone. Whether you take a short city trip to Kuala Lumpur before moving on, or roam through the jungles of Borneo and soak up the nature. Malaysia is always worth a trip.

When is the best time to visit Malaysia?

Unfortunately, it is no longer possible to answer this question exactly. Other countries are also already affected by changeable weather and so is Malaysia. Therefore, you will find in the following paragraph rough guidelines, but it can always be that it rains in the dry season or is totally dry in the rainy season.

Generally speaking, the best time to visit Kuala Lumpur and other areas of Peninsular Malaysia is between November and August . Although temperatures are constant year-round, you will avoid the worst of the monsoon season during this time. Don’t forget that is can still be rainy here and then, so don’t forget your rain coat at home.

If you want to visit the East Coast of Malaysia , you should plan your trip between March and September . This is also the best time to visit the tropical rainforests in Sabah or Sarawak in Borneo .

How to get to Malaysia?

With such a long distance, you have no choice but to fly. For this we flew from Frankfurt airport with China Airlines to Kuala Lumpur.

We flew with China Airlines for the first time on this route and would definitely recommend it. For the trip, we opted for the Premium Economy Class . This has in contrast to the normal economy class again significantly more legroom and fewer seats per compartment , which makes it altogether quieter and more relaxed. Whether you’re flying overnight or just want to relax, China Airlines allows you to adjust your seat to the back without taking away legroom from the passenger in the next row.

Outbound & Inbound flight summary

On the outbound flight, we left Frankfurt in the morning and arrived in Kuala Lumpur at noon the next day. Despite the length, the flight itself was very pleasant and not all that tiring. The entertainment on the flight consists of new movies and series, but also games or music. Noise-cancelling headphones are available on the plane itself, which means that even the loud turbines are not quite as noticeable. In addition, there were three times on the flights something to eat: Lunch, dinner and breakfast. Whenever you want, you can order drinks (such as Coke Zero, tea, coffee, water) and snacks. The food is also quite different from normal economy class and we liked it.

On the return flight, on the other hand, we flew from Kuala Lumpur to Frankfurt in the evening or at night and were able to really enjoy the legroom. Furthermore, there is a separate China Airlines lounge in Taipei , for which you do not have to leave the transfer area. Here you will find hot meals, fresh fruit and vegetables, breakfast and drinks as well as seating and even sleeping facilities.

In summary, we would fly with China Airlines again at any time and have also heard from colleagues that they found China Airlines great. However, I would totally recommend to grab the Premium Economy Class seats as they will make your journey much more pleasant and relaxing.

How to get around in Malaysia

Once you’re in Malaysia, it’s super easy to get anywhere you want with the Grab app . Grab is built like Uber. You simply indicate where you are and then where you’d like to go. Grab then shows you how much a ride will cost and assigns you a driver once you’ve confirmed. We’ve tried Grab both in Kuala Lumpur and in more rural areas, and it’s worked great every time. Also, Grab is not only suitable for shorter distances, you could possibly also use Grab to get from one city to another.

Another option is to book a guide with a private driver . This is of course a bit more expensive, but can be worth it – especially if you are only in the country for a short time. Especially in nature or historical sites, we would recommend a guide either way, as this is the only way to learn about nature and history.

Travelling across the country in Malaysia

However, if you want to travel further distances , we recommend you to travel via bus or flight. Luckily, the flights are pretty affordable within Malaysia. So even if you’re on a budget, there’s nothing to worry about.

During our travels in Malaysia, we also rented a car. If we’re honest, we wouldn’t recommend renting a car in Malaysia, because it’s even cheaper to get a private driver than renting a car is.

Things you need to know as a first timer in Malaysia: Visa, Currency, Budget, Language

The Malaysian visa requirements are pretty laid-back and nothing you have to worry about much. Many nationalities, including all European, United States, Australian, and South African citizens, are granted visa-free entry into the country for 90 days. As rules might change, don’t forget to check your visa requirements before you leave.

Currency & Payments in Malaysia

The Malaysian currency is the Malaysian Ringgit denoted as MYR. At this time, €1 equals 5 MYR. For your trip to Malaysia, we recommend that you change or withdraw money locally – depending on the conditions of your card. We were able to pay with card in some restaurants, but this is not possible everywhere. Especially if you use American Express, the acceptance is not very high. Therefore, it is worth to take some Euros with you and exchange them for MYR on the spot.

Budget for travelling through Malaysia

As always, the budget you need varies greatly depending on your travel habits. Of course, you can also visit Malaysia on a budget . If you normally travel through Southeast Asia with a backpack, you will also pay significantly less in Malaysia. But if you prefer luxurious hotels , you will have to dig a little deeper into your pockets.

You can get a good 5 star hotel in Kuala Lumpur for under €100 including breakfast. For a room with a view of the famous Petronas Towers, you’ll have to pay a little more.

In Borneo, one of the best hotels will also cost you around €100 a night including breakfast. Basically, you will get great value for money in Malaysia if you research the hotels well beforehand. Similar to other countries in Southeast Asia, you often get a lot more on offer here.

Food costs in Malaysia can also be very cheap. You can pick up a great meal at hawker stalls for as little as 5 MYR (€1), while a good meal at a food court will set you back 10-15 MYR (€2-3). If you want to dine at restaurants, expect to pay around 50 MYR (€10) for a meal.

What are the best places to visit in Malaysia?

If it’s your first time in Malaysia, you might feel overwhelmed with all the planning. Of course, the best places are always a matter of taste and depend on what you want to do. As a first timer in Malaysia, you should definitely see Kuala Lumpur and visit at least one night market.

Everything else depends on what you want to do. Do you want to focus on diving and snorkelling ? Then you will find super nice places on Borneo or in the east of Malaysia. If you want to go into the rainforest , hike and watch the animals , then there is no way around Sabah and the Kinabatangan Wetlands . On the other hand, if you’re looking for the perfect place for your honeymoon , then you should take a look at Langkawi.

If you want to learn more about Malaysia and figure out what you can experience there, check out our other blog posts about Malaysia .

Is Malaysia a safe country?

We traveled through Malaysia for a total of two and a half weeks and visited different places. All in all, we felt safe everywhere . It has to be said that we also made sure to always stow our valuables safely and basically adapt. This means that we have worn long clothes in temples and religious institutions or have generally behaved cautiously in large crowds. But in my opinion this is something that should be done everywhere.

What to wear while travelling Malaysia

As a first timer in Malaysia it can be quite difficult to pack well. When we were packing, Florian and I didn’t know at all what we should pack and whether we would end up forgetting something important. I think everyone feels that way when they travel to a country for the first time. That’s why we’re passing on our tips to you here:

The climate is generally rather warm and humid throughout the country and is actually around 30 degrees Celsius. Therefore, you should definitely pack enough short and airy clothing. We packed a lot of linen clothing which was just alright.

However, if you want to visit temples , you should definitely take longer clothes with you. In addition, short rain showers can come at any time, which is why a light rain jacket is also worthwhile. For some destinations in Malaysia you should also have some warmer clothing with you. If you want to visit the Cameron Highlands or the Kinabatangan Wetlands in Malaysia , it can get a little cooler, especially in the morning and evening. But long trousers and a thick sweater are enough here.

Do you need vaccinations?

Of course, this is not medical advice. We would therefore definitely recommend that you make an appointment in advance with a tropical institute or a doctor you trust. If you have already been to Southeast Asia, you probably do not need any further vaccinations. Especially if you are only in the country for a short time and tend to stay in upscale hotels, you hardly need to worry.

But what we would definitely recommend is a small first aid kit . If you do feel unwell, you have headache tablets, sore throat tablets or something against nausea with you.

SIM card & internet in Malaysia

Before travelling to Malaysia, we researched a lot about the best SIM cards and if the internet in Malaysia is reliable. Basically, it is recommended to buy the SIM card directly at the beginning at the airport . We did the same and our guide said afterwards that it was a wise decision. In large cities, such as Kuala Lumpur, there are plenty of opportunities to get a SIM card. In more rural areas, this becomes more complicated. Therefore, we would recommend in any case to buy the SIM card directly at the airport , in order to have no more stress with the search for a store afterwards. There is also the option to buy an eSIM directly from Germany, but this was significantly more expensive than buying locally .

The network in Malaysia is very good and also largely stable. We only had little or no reception in the Kinabatangan Wetlands and in the Cameron Highlands. Considering that you are in the wetlands but in the middle of the rainforest, it would have shocked me rather if I had reception. For those who can’t do without internet, the Kinabatangan Wetlands Resort offers free wifi via Starlink . All in all, you don’t have to worry about having internet in Malaysia.

We really hope that this first timer’s guide to Malaysia will help you with your travel plans and ensure that you will have a great time in Malaysia.

Here are some other blog posts that might be helpful as a first timer in Malaysia:

• Pure Wildlife in the Kinabatangan Wetlands in Sabah, Borneo
• The best things to do in Sabah, Borneo
• Your 2-day itinerary for Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• A review of The Datai Langkawi

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• 21 Essential Malay Phrases Youll...

Essential Malay Phrases You'll Need in Malaysia

Malaysians may speak English , but an attempt to speak in Malay language could still earn you bonus points – and potentially better prices at the tourist places in Malaysia .

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Greetings and essentials

Terima kasih (te-ree-mah ka-seh) / Thank you

Thank your taxi driver, your waiter, and the man who’s flipping your roti canai. Malaysians are big on gratitude.

Ya (yah) / Tidak (tee-dak) – Yes / No

“Ya” and “tidak” will be your most-used phrases in Malaysia. Remember them well.

Selamat jalan (s’la-mat zha-lan) / Goodbye

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Everyone knows “Bye,” but not many will part with the formal “Selamat jalan.” Here’s your chance to impress your Malaysian business colleagues on your way out.

Sama-sama (saa-ma saa-ma) / You’re welcome

When someone thanks you, be sure to quip “sama-sama” in return. It’s also common to use the simpler, more memorable option: “sama.”

Saya Tak Faham (saa-yah tak faa-haam) / I don’t understand

This is the only must-know Malay phrase. Some elderly folk may not speak English, but may be animatedly telling you about the history of Malaysia in the local dialect – redirect them with a gentle “saya tak faham.”

Di mana tandas (dee ma-na tan-das) / Where is the bathroom?

Bathrooms are readily available in malls, cafés, and restaurants, but the local kopitiam (coffee shop) may not offer you the luxury of relieving yourself. If you still want to try your luck, this phrase will come in handy.

Belok kanan / Belok kiri (beh-lock kaa-naan / beh-lock kee-ree) – Turn right / Turn left

If you’ve asked for directions, keep your ears pricked for either phrase. You don’t want to end up at the bookstore if you’ve asked for the bathroom.

Jalan terus (zha-lan te-roos) / Go straight

“Jalan” means “walk” or “go,” and “terus” means “straight.” So if you hear this phrase, it means you have to keep your eyes and feet along the current path.

Perlahan sikit (per-laa-haan see-keet) / Slow down

If your Grab driver is pushing the speed limit, request they slow down with this phrase. And smile as if you haven’t just accused them of breaking the law.

At the restaurant / bar

Kurang manis (koo-raang maa-nees) / Less sweet

If you’re cutting down on your sugar intake, you can request that your drink be “kurang manis.” Eateries, including food and drinks stalls by the street, will often halve the normal amount of sugar for your drink.

Tanpa gula (tan-pa goo-lah) / No sugar

Abstaining from sugar altogether? Then ask for your coffee and tea “tanpa gula.” Eateries and cafés are usually happy to oblige.

Kurang ais (koo-raang aa-is) / Less ice

If you want something cold but not saturated with ice, ask for it “kurang ais.” This applies to iced teas, iced coffees, and even blended drinks (e.g. frappuccinos).

Tanpa susu (tan-pa soo-soo) / No milk

Dairy intolerant? Go dairy-free with this phrase. Handy for drinks, not food.

Tambah pedas / Kurang pedas (tam-bah pe-das / koo-raang pe-das) – Extra spicy / Less spicy

Whether you’re dining at a street stall or a fancy fusion restaurant, you can ask for your meal to be more or less spicy, according to your preference.

Sedap (se-daap) / Tasty

If your meal is hitting all the right taste buds, let your waiter know that it’s super “sedap.” You may also wish to leave a tip or a good review on TripAdvisor.

Air (ah-yer) / Water

Need some water to complement the good food? Ask for “air” – and you can usually have it iced or hot.

At the market

Berapa (be-raa-paa) / How much?

Always ask your vendor for the price before agreeing to purchase anything. It helps set a starting point for haggling, or even just a vague price point before you commit to the purchase.

Mahal (maa-hal) / Expensive

Use this word when you think the tacky ‘I love Malaysia’ T-shirt isn’t worth your vendor’s asking price. If it’s anything above RM80 ($20), it’s too mahal, really.

Satu (saa-too) / 1

Dua (doo-aa) / 2

Tiga (tee-gaa) / 3

Empat (erm-paat) / 4

Lima (lee-mah) / 5

Enam (er-nam) / 6

Tujuh (too-jooh) / 7

Lapan (laa-pan) / 8

Sembilan (sem-bee-lan) / 9

Sepuluh (se-poo-looh) / 10

Making friends

Dah makan (daa-h maa-kan) / Have you eaten?

You may find people asking you if you’ve eaten, even if it’s nowhere near mealtime. This is often just a way to ask you how you are – without, you know, actually asking how you are.

Cantik (chan-tek) / Beautiful

This applies to architecture, paintings, even food, and can often be appropriated – cantik-nya – (so beautiful). Sometimes it can be applied to beautiful people, but you may want to refrain from doing this as it could be interpreted unfavorably.

Jom (zhom) / Let’s go

Here’s the coolest catch-all phrase in town: “Jom.” On its own, it just means “let’s go,” but paired with other words, it could mean “let’s eat” (“jom makan”) or “let’s drink” (“jom minum”; non-alcoholic).

For everything else…

Panas (paa-nas) / Hot

This is the word to use if you want to complain about the weather – as in, “Don’t go outside; it’s super panas-lah.”

Tolong (toh-long) / Please

“Tolong” in Malay language could mean “help” (used when you’re lost and can’t read a map, or when you’re drowning in water and need a life float), or it could mean “please.” You may hear gentle exhortations include the word “tolong-lah” – which may or may not be used in jest.

Boleh (bow-leh) / Can

When someone tells you “boleh,” it means it can be done, no problem. You can also use “boleh” to mean that you “can” or are capable of completing something.

Culture Trips launched in 2011 with a simple yet passionate mission: to inspire people to go beyond their boundaries and experience what makes a place, its people and its culture special and meaningful. We are proud that, for more than a decade, millions like you have trusted our award-winning recommendations by people who deeply understand what makes places and communities so special.

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All our travel guides are curated by the Culture Trip team working in tandem with local experts. From unique experiences to essential tips on how to make the most of your future travels, we’ve got you covered.

Places to Stay

The best hotels to book in sabah, malaysia.

The Best Hotels to Book in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, for Every Traveller

The Best Hotels in Miri, Malaysia, for Every Traveller

The Best Hotels in Batu Ferringhi, Malaysia, for Every Traveller

Guides & Tips

The borneo sun bear: where to find the world's smallest bear.

Food & Drink

Borneo food: top dishes to try when you visit.

The Best Hotels to Book in Sandakan, Malaysia, for Every Traveller

The Best Hotels to Book in Ipoh, Malaysia, for Every Traveller

See & Do

Visiting the borneo rainforest: all you need to know.

The Best Hotels in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, for Every Traveller

The Best Hotels in Sarawak, Malaysia, for Every Traveller

What Are the Best Resorts in Malaysia?

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Best Time to Visit

Weather & Climate

Kuala Lumpur International Airport Guide

Top Destinations in Malaysia

Things to Do in Malaysia

Common Greetings

Currency in Malaysia

Scams to Avoid

Visiting Kuala Lumpur

Neighborhoods to Know

Best Hotels

Public Transportation Guide

Top Things to Do

Guide to Malaysian Street Food

Where to Eat in Kuala Lumpur

Eating at Kuala Lumpur's Jalan Alor

Your Trip to Malaysia: The Complete Guide

Get ready: Your trip to Malaysia is going to be unlike any of your other travel adventures! Of course, there’s abundant nature to be enjoyed (orangutans, anyone?), and spectacular islands await off both coasts. But Malaysia’s mix of ethnic groups are what differentiates it from the rest of Southeast Asia . As a traveler in Malaysia, you’ll get to enjoy a diversity of culture that spans food, fashion, religious traditions, and festivals—all in one place!

Planning Your Trip

• Best Time to Visit : Monsoon season months differ between coasts on Peninsular Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur gets plenty of rain throughout the year but has more sunshine in the summer months . Meanwhile, the islands on the west coast such as Penang and Langkawi enjoy better weather in December, January, and February. Malaysian Borneo (East Malaysia) receives a lot of rain all year long. Sarawak is drier in the summer; the driest months in Sabah are from March to September.
• Language : The official language in Malaysia is Malay (Bahasa Melayu)   ; however, English is widely understood and spoken between the various ethnic groups.
• Currency : Malaysia's currency is the colorful Malaysian ringgit (MYR). Each ringgit is divided into 100 sen. Prices are usually preceded by “RM” (e.g., RM 1, RM 3.50, etc).
• Getting Around : Malaysia’s public transportation infrastructure is excellent. A combination of trains, long-haul buses, or low-cost carrier flights from KLIA2 can get you anywhere in the country. Grab is the most popular ridesharing app for finding drivers.
• Travel Tip: Kuala Lumpur, as well as Sarawak and Sabah in Malaysian Borneo, receive a lot of annual rainfall . Afternoon downpours keep landscapes green, but travelers should have an umbrella on hand and a plan in mind!

Things to Do

Malaysia is blessed with enough tropical islands and rainforests to keep you chasing outdoor adventures for a long time, but the cultural diversity is what makes Malaysia especially appealing. Strolling around Kuala Lumpur or Malacca on any single day, you may feel as though you’ve visited (at least) three different countries!

• Explore Kuala Lumpur : Stroll, shop, and eat across Chinatown, Little India, and the other exciting neighborhoods scattered around Kuala Lumpur. Cross the canopy walk in KL Forest Eco Park on Bukit Nanas, the only slice of virgin rainforest remaining in middle of the city. While there, go up Menara KL (Kuala Lumpur’s space needle) for a panoramic view. Finish your rounds of the city with a meal on Jalan Alor and seeing the Petronas Towers lit at night.
• Enjoy Food in Penang : Malaysia’s big island of Penang is famous for its colonial past and culinary traditions. Georgetown, a UNESCO World Heritage City , has a reputation for cooking up some of the best street food in the world.
• Visit the Cameron Highlands : Malaysia’s green Cameron Highlands are the place to go when you’re ready to escape Southeast Asia's heat. Nighttime temperatures can even feel chilly! The hills are home to verdant tea plantations along with rose and strawberry farms that can be toured. Jungle trekking , either independent or guided, is also available.

Explore more exciting activities in Malaysia with our full-length articles about fun things to do in Kuala Lumpur , sights and attractions in Penang, and top 20 things to do in Langkawi .

What to Eat and Drink

Malaysia’s culinary scene is as diverse as the many ethnic groups who live there. Perhaps the most “local” way to eat is to enjoy nasi campur (Malay) or nasi kandar (Malaysian Indian) food in the many family-run eateries. Prepared meats, fish, vegetables, and eggs are displayed without prices; you pay for how much you put atop your plate of rice.

Kopitiams (coffee shops) are an inseparable part of Malay culture. Sweetened tea and coffee drinks ( teh tarik is a classic ) are served along with inexpensive snacks such as roti dishes. Although kopitiams are a Malaysian Chinese tradition dating way back, they’ve enjoyed a reboot as modern, hipster hangouts where people meet, socialize, and conduct business.

Frequently eaten for breakfast or on the go, nasi lemak could be called Malaysia’s national dish. The rice in nasi lemak gets steamed in coconut milk to lend it savory sweetness. Many variations of nasi lemak exist, but usually a hard-boiled egg, spicy sambal sauce, peanuts, and fried anchovies are included.

Explore our articles on must-try street foods in Malaysia, food in Penang , and where to eat in George Town .

Where to Stay

Kuala Lumpur has an abundance of affordable hotel choices, but you’ll first have to determine which part of the city you prefer to stay. If eating and shopping at big malls are important to you, consider one of the glitzy hotels nearer to Bukit Bintang. If you prefer smaller hotels in a neighborhood with a little more grungy charm, consider staying nearer to Chinatown. If ease of transportation is important, consider a hotel close to KL Sentral (the heart of Malaysia’s rail network) near Little India.

Accommodation options in Malaysia span every budget, and room prices are much cheaper than those in neighboring Singapore. You’ll find hostels and small guesthouses starting at less than $15 a night. On the other end of the spectrum, you can often find surprisingly good deals for 5-star hotels between $100 – 150 per night. Airbnb is an option, but check the location carefully. You’ll spend too much time waiting for drivers if based in a residential neighborhood too far from the action.

Proceed with caution when booking online. Some of the cheapest places in Kuala Lumpur can wind up being a lot rougher than advertised. Room photos and reviews on booking sites often get doctored up!

Make sure to discover some of Kuala Lumpur’s most interesting neighborhoods !

Getting There

Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KUL) is located around 28 miles south of the city. Malaysia is well connected with Asia and Europe via KLIA, especially after the KLIA2 terminal opened as an expansion in 2014. Unfortunately, there aren’t yet direct flights from the United States to Kuala Lumpur. American travelers will need to connect elsewhere in Asia.

Kota Kinabalu (BKI), Kuching (KCH), and Sandakan (SDK) are the three top ports of entry for Malaysian Borneo . For quicker access to Penang, fly into Butterworth (BWH). For Langkawi, you can fly directly into Langkawi International Airport (LGK) .

Malaysia can also be entered overland from Singapore and Thailand. Many of the lavish buses from Singapore to Malaysia appeal to business travelers by offering onboard attendants, work desks, and WiFi.

Culture and Customs

To be polite, avoid using your left hand when interacting with others. Stick to using only your right hand as much as possible when eating in public. When paying or receiving something (e.g., change or food items in a restaurant), do so with your right hand. For extra respect, you can rest your left hand on your right forearm or elbow so others can see you aren’t using it.

The Islamic holy month of Ramadan is an exciting time to travel in Malaysia. Special markets, store sales, and celebrations can be seen everywhere. In places such as Kuala Lumpur and Penang, plenty of eateries will still be open before sundown. In some smaller destinations, you may have less choices when Muslim-owned businesses close. Regardless, have a little extra patience for locals who fast during daylight hours and may have lower energy levels than usual. The server bringing food to your table may be hungry!

Although saying “hello” will work in any circumstance, greetings in Malay are based on the time of day. Learning the simple expressions can add a little fun to interactions on your trip.

Money Saving Tips

• Tipping in Malaysia isn’t customary ; however, gratuity is becoming more expected in high-end hotels that attract Western tourists. Large restaurants may add a service charge (usually 10 percent) to the total bill. Unlike in China and Japan, showing your appreciation with a small tip won’t cause a scene. You can choose to tip porters and bellboys a ringgit or two; round up fares for drivers.
• Take advantage of Kuala Lumpur’s inexpensive train system , particularly the LRT and monorail, for moving between sights. Save going by Grab as a last resort for when no train stations are nearby.
• If you’re forced to use a taxi in Malaysia, negotiate the fare first. If the taxi has a meter, pay extra attention to the route taken by the driver.
• Don’t pay the first price you’re given! Haggling is expected in Malaysia, particularly when shopping in big markets such as Jalan Petaling in Chinatown and Pasar Seni, the Central Market.
• Big events can really increase accommodation prices. Chinese New Year is an exceptionally busy time as many people head out to islands and top destinations during their time off. Book your visit during big festivals early. For instance, the annual Rainforest World Music Festival causes a sharp jump in hotel prices around Kuching.
• Enjoying delicious local cuisine isn’t expensive at all. Be bold: Don’t eat in the hotel! Visit the neighborhood nasi campur eateries and food courts that become frenetic with locals around lunchtime—the busier, the better.
• Due to the 15 percent tax of alcohol   , partying is a pricier endeavor in Malaysia than in neighboring Thailand. Langkawi and Tioman are two duty-free islands where having a sunset beer is cheaper than elsewhere.

MyGovernment. " Malaysia Information ." 2016

UNESCO World Heritage Centre.  "Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca" . Oct. 13, 2016.

International Organisation of Good Templars. " Malaysia: Alcohol Tax Set To Increase . " March 3, 2016

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Travel Easy: 135 Essential Malay Travel Phrases

• , June 30, 2021

Many travelers want to travel to Malaysia to see its breathtaking sites and experience its beautiful culture. Have you heard about beautiful places like  Petronas Twin Towers ,  Gunung Mulu National Park , and  Perhentian Islands ? Malaysia is a beautiful country with many things to offer to travelers, so  learning Malay  travel phrases will come in handy.

Also known as Bahasa Melayu, the Malaysian language is the mother tongue of the Malaysian people. This blog will learn about Malay travel phrases that could help you have a meaningful and convenient travel experience in Malaysia.

Malay Phrases For Travelers

Most Malaysian locals can speak in English because Malaysian English is used in about 80% of urban businesses. This is an advantage for travelers who speak English, but if you want to have a meaningful and memorable trip to Malaysia, you might  learn the Malay language.  Here are some Malay phrases for travel that you must know before going to Malaysia.

Basic Greetings

Greetings are an essential part of every conversation. It is a polite and respectful thing to do when talking to others. There are different words and phrases that you can use to greet someone in the Malay language. Break the ice and start conversations with Malay travel phrases related to basic greetings :

Hello/ Hai – Hello/Hi

This greeting is the most common and easiest greetings you can learn. If you speak English, you will find it easy to learn because it is too similar.

Selamat Pagi – Good Morning

This is used to greet someone in the morning. It’s nice to start the day pleasant with this greeting.

Selamat Tengahari -Good Afternoon

If you want to greet somebody at noon, usually 12:00 pm- 3:00 pm, you can use this phrase.

Selamat Malam – Good Night

For evening greeting , you can say Selamat Petang. This will really be useful when you experience the nightlife in Malaysia.

Useful Phrases

If you would like to connect with Malaysians, you should learn how to talk to them. You can begin with some basic and useful phrases. These Malay travel phrases will be helpful as a traveler in asking directions, shopping, and dining.

Terima Kasih -Thank You

Learning how to say Thank you in the Malaysian language (Bahasa Melayu) is very important in their culture. If you want to read more about saying Thank You in Malay, there is a separate blog for you.

Other Useful Words And Phrases In Malay

Introducing Yourself

Going around the country, there will be times when you have to introduce yourself. Of course, you can do it in English but using their local language, Malay (Bahasa Melayu), might give them an excellent first impression of you. So here some essentials that you can use when introducing yourself.

Nama saya -My name is

This is the basic way to introduce yourself and get to know someone in the Malay language. Suppose you want to read more about how locals introduce themselves. Then, you can read the blog post entitled  11 Best Tips On How To Introduce Yourself In Malay .

Other Malay Words and Phrases to Introduce Yourself

What’s a trip without going to the market and buying some souvenirs that will remind you about your whole trip? So, here is a list of Malay phrases for travelers related to shopping. You can also learn in this part of the blog the  numbers  and  colors  you can use to identify your purchase.

Berapa harga? – How much is this?

If you are on a budget, make sure to ask the price first before buying. Just a few tips. Beware of overpricing which is a common occurrence if you are a foreigner and try to haggle for a cheaper price.

Other Malay Words and Phrases Used When Shopping

Your whole adventure will not be complete without trying some Malaysian food. There are lots of Malaysian food that is worth trying, from the street down to restaurants. Here are some Malay phrases for travel related to dining out and food.

Boleh awak cadangkan hidangan? – Can you recommend a dish?

Malaysian cuisine reflects the multi-ethnic population of Malaysia. It consists of cooking traditions and practice that is part of their well-preserved culture.

Other Malay phrases related to dining out / food:

Traveling And Giving Directions

These are the essential Malay travel phrases you need to know when you want to explore the beauty of Malaysia. These phrases will help you the right destination and address that you are looking for. These phrases will also help when you are lost.

Belok kanan / Belok kiri – Turn right / Turn left

If you don’t know the place, do not hesitate to ask for directions. Ensure to learn the basic words like this to navigate your map and find the address you are looking for.

Other Words and Phrases Related To Traveling and Giving Directions

Traveling To Malaysia? Learn Malay Today!

Malay is one of the easiest languages that you can learn. So if you are looking for an app that will help you have an engaging language learning experience, Ling App is the perfect app for you. After learning the Malay travel phrases, you are now ready to  learn more about the Malay  language through  Ling App.

Millions of users can’t lie. There’s a reason why users keep on using  Ling App  as their language learning partner. Just search it on the web or download it in the App Store/ Play Store. So don’t wait any longer.  Learn Malay  now!

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Malaysia - Culture, Etiquette and Business Practices

Salamat datang, welcome to this guide to malaysian culture., perfect for anyone interested in malaysian society, etiquette, manners and business culture, what will you learn about malaysia.

You will gain an understanding of a number of key areas about the country including:

• Religion and beliefs
• Culture and society
• Social etiquette and customs
• Business culture and etiquette

Facts and Statistics

Location: Southeastern Asia. Shares borders with Thailand , Indonesia , Singapore and Brunei.

Capital: Kuala Lumpur

Climate: tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons

Population: 32+ million (2019 est.)

Ethnic Make-up: Malay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%, others 7.8%

Religions : Muslim 60.4%, Buddhist 19.2%, Christian 9.1%, Hindu 6.3%, Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions 2.6%, other or unknown 1.5%, none 0.8%

Government: constitutional monarchy

Business Culture : Ranked 43rd in the Business Culture Complexity Index™

Language in Malaysia

The Malay language is an Austronesian language spoken not only by Malaysians but all Malay people who reside in the Malay Peninsula, southern Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, central eastern Sumatra, the Riau islands, parts of the coast of Borneo, Cocos and Christmas Islands in Australia.

It is also very similar to Indonesian, known locally as Bahasa Indonesia.In Malaysia, the language is officially known as Bahasa Malaysia, which translates as the "Malaysian language". The term, which was introduced by the National Language Act 1967, was predominant until the 1990s, when most academics and government officials reverted to "Bahasa Melayu," which is used in the Malay version of the Federal Constitution.

A mosque in Malacca influenced by Chinese architecture. A perfect insight into the history of Malaysia and its cultural influences. Photo by Farhan Azam on Unsplash

Malaysian Culture and Society

A multi-cultural society.

Malaysia is a multi-cultural society. The main ethnic groups are the native Malays as well as large populations of Chinese, and Indians. When visiting the country it is clear that the ethnicities retain their religions, customs and way of life. The most important festivals of each group are public holidays.

Although growing up, children are educated in the same schools and will eventually work in the same offices, few marry outside their own ethnicity. Families tend to socialise within their own ethnic group – all part of retaining their individual traditions and lifestyles.

Despite the ethnic differences there are commonalities culturally speaking.

Group Orientation

The family is considered the centre of the social structure. As a result there is a great emphasis on unity, loyalty and respect for the elderly. The family is the place where the individual can be guaranteed both emotional and financial support.

When one member of the family suffers a financial setback, the rest of the family will contribute what they can to help out. Families tend to be extended, although in the larger cities this will naturally differ.

The Concept of Face

Malays, Chinese and Indians all strive to maintain face and avoid shame both in public and private. Face is a personal concept that embraces qualities such as a good name, good character, and being held in esteem by one's peers. Face is considered a commodity that can be given, lost, taken away, or earned. On top of this face also extends to the family, school, company, and even the nation itself.

The desire to maintain face makes Malaysians strive for harmonious relationships.

Face can be lost by openly criticizing, insulting, or putting someone on the spot; doing something that brings shame to the group; challenging someone in authority, especially if this is done in public; showing anger at another person; refusing a request; not keeping a promise; or disagreeing with someone publicly. Conversely, face can be saved by remaining calm and courteous; discussing errors or transgressions in private; speaking about problems without blaming anyone; using non-verbal communication to say "no"; and allowing the other person to get out of the situation with their pride intact.

A beautiful Malay family. Family means everything in Malay culture. Photo by Muktasim Azlan on Unsplash

Etiquette and Customs in Malaysia

Meeting and greeting.

Greetings in a social context will depend upon the ethnicity of the person you are meeting. In general, most Malays are aware of Western ways so the handshake is normal. There may be slight differences though and a few things to bear in mind include:

Malay women may not shake hands with men. Women can of course shake hands with women. Men may also not shake hands with women and may bow instead while placing their hand on their heart.

The Chinese handshake is light and may be rather prolonged. Men and women may shake hands, although the woman must extend her hand first. Many older Chinese lower their eyes during the greeting as a sign of respect.

Indians shake hands with members of the same sex. When being introduced to someone of the opposite sex, nodding the head and smiling is usually sufficient.

Among all cultures, there is a general tendency to introduce:

• the most important person to the lower ranking person.
• the older person to the younger person.
• women to men.

Names in Malaysia

The way names are used also varies between ethnicities:

Chinese The Chinese traditionally have 3 names. The surname (family name) is first and is followed by two personal names.• Many Chinese adopt more Western names and may ask you to use that instead.

Malays Many Malays do not have surnames. Instead, men add their father's name to their own name with the term "bin" (meaning ‘son of’). So Rosli bin Suleiman, would be Rosli the son of Suleiman.

Women use the term "binti", so Aysha bint Suleiman is Aysha the daughter of Suleiman.

Indian Many Indians do not use surnames. Instead, they place the initial of their father's name in front of their own name. The man's formal name is their name "s/o" (son of) and the father's name.

Women use "d/o" to refer to themselves as the daughter of their father.

Petaling Street Market, Jalan Petaling. Photo by Ravin Rau on Unsplash

Gift Giving Etiquette

Here are some general gift giving etiquette guidelines:

Gift giving to Malays:

If invited to someone's home for dinner, bring the hostess pastries or good quality chocolates.

• Never give alcohol.
• Do not give toy dogs or pigs to children.
• Do not give anything made of pigskin.
• Avoid white wrapping paper as it symbolizes death and mourning.
• Avoid yellow wrapping paper, as it is the color of royalty.
• If you give food, it must be “halal” (meaning permissible for Muslims).
• Offer gifts with the right hand only or both hands if the item is large.
• Gifts are generally not opened when received.

Gift giving to Chinese Malaysians:

If invited to someone's home, bring a small gift of fruit, sweets, or cakes, saying that it is for the children.

A gift is traditionally refused before it is accepted to demonstrate that the recipient is not greedy

• Do not give scissors, knives or other cutting utensils as they indicate a desire to sever the relationship.
• Flowers do not make good gifts as they are given to the sick and are used at funerals.
• Do not wrap gifts in mourning colours - white, blue, or black.
• Wrap the gifts in happy colours - red, pink, or yellow.
• Elaborate gift - wrapping is imperative.
• Never wrap a gift for a baby or decorate the gift in any way with a stork, as birds are the harbinger of death.
• It is best to give gifts in even numbers since odd numbers are unlucky.

Gift giving to Indian Malaysians:

• Money should be given in odd numbers.
• Do not wrap gifts in white or black.
• Wrap gifts in red, yellow or green paper or other bright colors as these bring good fortune
• Do not give leather products to a Hindu.
• Do not give alcohol unless you are certain the recipient drinks.

Business Culture and Etiquette in Malaysia

Do you work with Malaysians?

Looking for some expert help and advice on how to navigate the business culture?

This is what we do! Click here to learn more about our customized cultural training webinars .

Within the business context most Malaysian businesspeople are culturally-savvy and internationally exposes. Your experience may very well depend upon the ethnicity, age, sex and status of the person you are meeting. The best approach is always friendly yet formal. A few tips include:

• Initial greetings should be formal and denote proper respect.
• If in a team, introduce the most important person first.
• Many Malays and Indians are uncomfortable shaking hands with a member of the opposite sex.
• Foreign men should always wait for a Malaysian woman to extend her hand. Foreign women should also wait for a Malaysian man to extend his hand.
• To demonstrate respect Chinese may look downwards rather than at the person they are meeting.
• It is important that professional titles (professor, doctor, engineer) and honorific titles are used in business. Malays and Indians use titles with their first name while Chinese use titles with their surname.

Business Card Etiquette

• Business cards are exchanged after the initial introductions.
• If you will be meeting Chinese, have one side of your card translated into Chinese, with the Chinese characters printed in gold.
• If you will be meeting government officials, have one side of your card translated into Bahasa Malaysia.
• Use two hands or the right hand only to exchange business cards.
• Examine any business card you receive before putting it in your business card case.
• The respect you show someone's business card is indicative of the respect you will show the individual in business. Act accordingly.
• Never write on someone's card in their presence.

You will experience very different Malaysians depending on the generation of person you're doing business or working with. Formality and etiquette are really valued by the older generation whereas the tech-savvy younger generation are much more informal. Photo by Muhammad Faiz Zulkeflee on Unsplash

Communication in Malaysia

As an extension to the need to maintain harmonious relations, Malaysians rely on non-verbal communication (i.e. facial expressions, tone of voice, body language, etc). Such a communication style tends to be subtle, indirect and. Malays may hint at a point rather than making a direct statement, since that might cause the other person to lose face. Rather than say "no", they might say, "I will try", or "I’ll see what I can do". This allows the person making the request and the person turning it down to save face and maintain harmony in their relationship.

If you are unsure about the affirmative response you received, you may want to continue the discussion, re-phrasing the question in several different ways so that you may compare responses. If the response was given because the Malaysian did not know how to respond in the negative without causing offense, this may come out. Alternatively, they may have someone else give you the bad news.

Silence is an important element of Malaysian communication. Pausing before responding to a question indicates that they have given the question appropriate thought and considered their response carefully. Many Malaysians do not understand the Western propensity to respond to a question hastily and can consider such behaviour thoughtless and rude.

Malaysians may laugh at what may appear to outsiders as inappropriate moments. This device is used to conceal uneasiness. Do not show anger in public as it makes Malaysians uncomfortable and creates a feeling of powerlessness. There is a greater chance of achieving a good outcome id you are calm, whereas little is resolved by shouting.

Business Meetings

• It is a good idea for the most senior person on your team to enter first so that he or she is the first to greet the most senior Malaysian.
• This gives face to both parties as it demonstrates respect towards the Malaysian and shows that you respect hierarchy within your company.
• It is customary for leaders to sit opposite each other around the table.
• Many companies will have their team seated in descending rank, although this is not always the case.Expect the most senior Malaysian to give a brief welcoming speech. You need not reciprocate.
• There will be a period of small talk, which will end when the most senior Malaysian is comfortable moving to the business discussion.
• Meetings may be conducted or continue over lunch and dinner.

Meetings, especially initial ones, are generally somewhat formal. Treat all Malaysian participants with respect and be cautious not to lose your temper or appear irritated.At the first meeting between two companies, Malaysians will generally not get into in-depth discussions. They prefer to use the first meeting as an opportunity to get to know the other side and build a rapport, which is essential in this consensus-driven culture.

Management Style

• Read our Guide to Malaysian Management Culture for more information on this topic.

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Your Daily Dose of Malaysia!

Languages Malaysia: Exploring Malaysia’s Linguistic Diversity

Understanding Languages Malaysia

Malaysia, a vibrant Southeast Asian nation, boasts a rich linguistic heritage shaped by its diverse cultural mosaic, including the multifaceted  Malaysian religious  expressions. From the bustling streets of Kuala Lumpur to the lush rainforests of Borneo, let’s explore the languages Malaysia that resonate across this enchanting land.

Table of Contents

1. malay (bahasa malaysia), 2. chinese (bahasa mandarin), 3. tamil (bahasa tamil), 4. indigenous languages, malaysian sign language, kod tangan bahasa malaysia, list of languages malaysia, you may also like, how many languages are spoken in malaysia, is tamil official language of malaysia, do they speak chinese in malaysia.

• Historical Roots:
• Ethnic Diversity:
• Education System:
• Economic and Cultural Factors:
• Pragmatism and Utility:

Malaysia is a linguistically diverse country with over 130 languages spoken. The official language is Malay , also known as Bahasa Malaysia, which is spoken by the majority of the population.

English is also widely spoken and understood, particularly in urban areas and is a compulsory subject in schools. The country is also home to a large number of Chinese and Tamil speakers, primarily among the Malaysian Chinese and Indian communities respectively.

In addition to these, there are numerous indigenous languages spoken by various ethnic groups, particularly in East Malaysia. This linguistic diversity is a testament to Malaysia’s rich cultural heritage.

Malay , also known as Bahasa Malaysia , is the official language of Malaysia. It is the mother tongue of the majority Malay ethnic group. Globally, over 290 million people speak Malay either natively or as a second language.

There are a variety of ten different dialects of this language spoken throughout the country. The official standardized dialect is known as Bahasa.

Malay is a major Malayo-Polynesian member of the Austronesian family of languages that spans from Madagascar in Africa to Hawaii in the United States of America.

Despite the dominance of Malay, Malaysia is a multilingual country with its citizens often being bilingual or trilingual. English is widely understood and spoken, especially within urban areas, and is a compulsory subject in primary and secondary education.

Chinese is one of the major languages spoken in Malaysia, primarily by the ethnic Chinese community. There are a number of Chinese languages native to the ethnic Han Chinese who originated from Southern China, which include Yue, Min, and Hakka Chinese .

Mandarin , also known as Malaysian Mandarin , is a variety of Mandarin Chinese spoken in Malaysia by ethnic Chinese. It is the lingua franca of the Malaysian Chinese community. Malaysian Mandarin speakers seldom translate local terms or names to Mandarin when they speak.

Apart from Mandarin, other Chinese dialects such as Hokkien, Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Fuzhou, Hainanese, and Foochow are also spoken in the country. The dialect spoken often depends on the region. For instance, most of the Chinese in Kuala Lumpur speak Cantonese, those in Penang and Klang speak Hokkien, those in Kota Kinabalu speak Hakka, and those in Johor Bahru speak Teochew.

The Chinese languages now in Malaysia have been influenced by the local culture and languages, resulting in unique dialects and slang.

Tamil is one of the major languages spoken in Malaysia, primarily by the ethnic Tamil community. The majority of the Malaysian Indian populations in Malaysia are from Indian Tamil ethnic groups from Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. The bulk of Tamil Malaysian migration began during the British Raj, when Britain facilitated the migration of Indian workers to work in plantations.

Malaysian Tamil , also known as Malaya Tamil , is a local variant of the Tamil language spoken in Malaysia. It is one of the languages of education in Malaysia, along with English, Malay, and Mandarin. There are many differences in vocabulary between Malaysian Tamil and Indian Tamil.

Tamil is an educational language in Malaysia, with more than 500 Tamil medium schools. According to Harold Schiffman, an American researcher into Malaysian Tamils, compared to Singapore, language maintenance is favorable in Malaysia.

The indigenous languages of Malaysia belong to the Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian families . There are over 137 indigenous languages spoken in various parts of the country. These languages are spoken by different ethnic groups, each with its own unique culture and traditions.

In Peninsular Malaysia , the indigenous languages are spoken by the Jahai, Jahut, Jakun, Semai, Mah Meri, Temiar, and Temuan. These languages can be divided into three major language groups: the Negrito, Senoi, and Malayic (also known as Proto-Malay); these can then be further divided into more than 18 subgroups according to their different languages and cultures. Some indigenous languages are taught at the primary level.

In East Malaysia , the largest native languages spoken are the Iban, Dusunic, and Kadazan languages. In Sabah, the languages are spoken by the Kadazan, Dusun, Bajau, and Murut; and in Sarawak, the Iban, Bidayuh, and Melanau. Kazadandusuns and Iban are the most widely spoken indigenous languages in Malaysia, spoken by the people in Sarawak. These two languages have also developed their own educational syllabuses.

Despite the multitude of languages, Malaysia is a multilingual country with its citizens often being bilingual or trilingual. The country has managed to foster a sense of unity and mutual respect among its citizens.

• Iban : Spoken in East Malaysia (Sarawak), the Iban language reflects Borneo’s rich cultural heritage.
• Dusunic : Another native language found in East Malaysia (Sabah).
• Kadazan : Also spoken in Sabah.
• Other Indigenous Languages : Malaysia boasts a staggering 112 indigenous languages.

English is widely understood and spoken within the urban areas of the country. It is a compulsory subject in primary and secondary education. English is also the main medium of instruction within most private colleges and private universities.

English is reasonably widely spoken in Malaysia, with around 50-60 percent of the population having some level of English skills. You will find English very commonly spoken in Kuala Lumpur and other major cities, and less spoken in rural areas and along the east island of the country.

Malaysia was formerly an English colony before gaining independence in 1957, so some British cultural influences have remained, including the language. Since then, the Malaysian government has made English compulsory in schools in a bid to increase skills and prospects among the younger generations coming up.

Sign Languages Malaysia

Bahasa Isyarat Malaysia (BIM) , or Malaysian Sign Language , is the principal language of the deaf community in Malaysia The roots of BIM began in 1954 with the founding of the Federation School for the Deaf in Penang. Deaf students from around the country, who came from many different backgrounds, began to develop their own signs to communicate among other students. These signs make up what is known as Penang Sign Language, which is more commonly spoken by older deaf residents of Penang.

In the early 1960s, Mr. Tan Yap, a pharmacist from Johor, took unpaid leave several times to take courses in interpretation and sign language in America. He brought back his knowledge of ASL or American Sign Language with him. From this ASL base, BIM began developing into its current form. It’s also become the base for Indonesian Sign Language or BISINDO. Other dialects of BIM include Selangor or Kuala Lumpur Sign Language, which diverged from BIM and ASL.

KTBM or Kod Tangan Bahasa Malaysia is not a language. Instead, it is a manual coding system that represents the oral language of Bahasa Malaysia in a signed form. KTBM is currently the only form of sign recognized by the Ministry of Education and is used to teach Malay in formal education settings.

There are currently a few places you can go if you want to learn how to sign BIM, whether you’re deaf or hearing. These include YMCA KL Sign Language Courses, Malaysian Federation of the Deaf, The Sarawak Society for the Deaf, RC Deaf Missions, and online resources.

Below showing a table that had summarized the languages spoken in Malaysia:

Malaysia’s linguistic diversity is a testament to its harmonious coexistence of cultures . Whether you’re savoring nasi lemak, exploring Batu Caves, or navigating the bustling markets, the languages of Malaysia weave a colorful narrative that celebrates unity in diversity.

• 29 Best Malaysian Street Food in KL
• M alaysian Religious: A Tapestry of Faiths

Over 130 languages are spoken in Malaysia, reflecting its rich cultural diversity.

Malay (Bahasa Malaysia) holds the distinction of being the official language of Malaysia . It serves as the national language and is the mother tongue of the majority Malay ethnic group. While Tamil is not the official language, it has a significant presence in Malaysia, primarily spoken by the Tamil community. Additionally, English is widely understood and spoken within urban areas, and it is a compulsory subject in primary and secondary education.

Yes , Chinese is spoken in Malaysia. The Chinese community, especially in urban areas, converses in Mandarin and various Chinese dialects such as Cantonese, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, and Foochow.

Why do Malaysians speak so many languages?

Malaysians’ multilingualism is a fascinating result of their historical, cultural, and social context. Let’s explore why Malaysians embrace a rich tapestry of languages:

Historical Roots :

• Colonial Legacy : Malaysia was under British colonial rule for centuries. English became a lingua franca during this period, influencing language adoption.
• Trade and Migration : Malaysia’s strategic location facilitated trade and migration. Chinese, Indian, and Arab traders brought their languages, enriching the linguistic landscape.

Ethnic Diversity :

• Three Major Ethnic Groups : Malays, Chinese, and Indians form the core ethnic groups. Each group maintains its language and cultural identity.
• Indigenous Languages : Over 100 indigenous languages thrive, reflecting Borneo’s diverse tribal communities.

Education System :

• Multilingual Education : Schools teach Malay, English, and sometimes Mandarin or Tamil. Students grow up navigating multiple languages.
• Code-Switching : Malaysians seamlessly switch between languages (code-switching) in daily conversations.
• Unity in Diversity : Multilingualism fosters understanding and tolerance among diverse communities.
• Language as a Bridge : Speaking multiple languages bridges gaps and promotes inclusivity.

Economic and Cultural Factors :

• Business and Trade : English and Mandarin are vital for international business.
• Cultural Celebrations : Festivals like Chinese New Year, Deepavali, and Hari Raya involve language-specific rituals.

Pragmatism and Utility :

• Job Market : Proficiency in multiple languages enhances job prospects.
• Tourism : Malaysia’s tourism industry benefits from language diversity.
• The Vitality of Minority Languages in Malaysia on JSTOR
• History of Malaysian Education System1824 to 2025.pdf (iab.edu.my)
• Learn Bahasa Malaysia – Education Malaysia Global Services
• Languages in Malaysia (mm2h.com)
• Languages of Malaysia – Wikipedia
• Malaysian Mandarin – Wikipedia
• Tamil Malaysians – Wikipedia
• Malaysian Sign Language – Wikipedia
• No, Chinese Malaysians Don’t ALL Speak “Chinese” (therakyatpost.com)
• What Languages Are Spoken In Malaysia? – WorldAtlas
• Creating awareness of indigenous languages (nst.com.my)
• National Identity and Minority Languages | United Nations
• Languages in Malaysia – What Languages are Spoken in Malaysia? (holidify.com)
• Learning Malaysian Sign Language/BIM – MIND
• Sign Language Courses | YMCA (ymcakl.com)

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Languages of Malaysia: A Linguistic Melting Pot

Table of Contents show The Diversity of Languages in Malaysia Languages of Malaysia: A Historical Overview The Influence of Ancient Kingdoms & Trade Routes The

Reza Rifaldi

July 5, 2023

The Diversity of Languages in Malaysia

destinationitinerary.com – [Languages of Malaysia] Malaysia, a Southeast Asian country known for its cultural fusion & diverse population, is home to a rich tapestry of languages. The official language of the country is Malay, also known as Bahasa Malaysia, but it is just one of many languages spoken throughout the nation. The linguistic landscape of Malaysia is both fascinating & complex, reflecting the multicultural heritage of its people. Let’s delve into the languages of Malaysia & explore the unique linguistic blend that defines this vibrant nation.

Languages of Malaysia: A Historical Overview

The influence of ancient kingdoms & trade routes.

The diverse linguistic makeup of Malaysia can be traced back to its historical interactions with ancient kingdoms & vibrant trade routes. Throughout history, Malaysia has been a melting pot of cultures, attracting traders, explorers, & settlers from various parts of the world. These interactions & migrations have left indelible imprints on the country’s linguistic landscape, giving rise to a fascinating array of languages & dialects.

The Impact of Colonialism & Globalization

The arrival of European colonial powers in Malaysia further deepened the linguistic diversity of the country. The British, in particular, left an indelible mark on the linguistic fabric of Malaysia. English, which continues to be widely spoken & understood across the nation, is one of the legacies of British colonialism. The colonization period also saw the introduction of other languages, such as Portuguese, Dutch, & Hokkien Chinese, which have influenced the linguistic tapestry of Malaysia.

The Role of Migration & Immigration

In recent years, Malaysia has experienced significant migration & immigration, leading to further language diversity. Malaysia attracts individuals from neighboring countries like Indonesia, Thailand, & the Philippines, who bring their languages & dialects with them. This constant influx of speakers from various linguistic backgrounds contributes to the multicultural & multilingual nature of Malaysia.

The Major Languages of Malaysia

Malay (bahasa malaysia).

The national language of Malaysia, Malay or Bahasa Malaysia, is spoken by the majority of the population. It is the language used in government proceedings, education, & the media. Malay belongs to the Austronesian language family & is mutually intelligible with Indonesian. As the lingua franca of Malaysia, Malay serves as a unifying force among the diverse ethnic groups that call Malaysia home.

Chinese Languages

Chinese languages, particularly Mandarin, Hokkien, & Cantonese, are widely spoken among the Chinese community in Malaysia. With a substantial Chinese population, these languages have become an integral part of Malaysia’s linguistic landscape. Chinese language education is also prevalent, with schools offering Mandarin as a medium of instruction.

Tamil is one of the oldest languages in the world & is spoken by the Indian community in Malaysia. With roots dating back thousands of years, Tamil has a rich cultural & literary heritage. It is commonly used in religious ceremonies, cultural events, & in Tamil-language schools across the country. Tamil is written in the Tamil script & is an official language in Singapore & Sri Lanka as well.

Indigenous Languages

Malaysia is home to various indigenous ethnic groups, each with their own unique languages & dialects. These languages, which belong to different language families, are often spoken within specific communities & serve as a vital link to their cultural identity. Some of the prominent indigenous languages in Malaysia include Iban, Kadazan-Dusun, & Bidayuh.

FAQs about the Languages of Malaysia

1. what are the official languages of malaysia.

The official language of Malaysia is Malay or Bahasa Malaysia. English is also widely used in official documents & business settings.

2. How many languages are spoken in Malaysia?

There are over 130 languages spoken in Malaysia, reflecting the country’s rich linguistic diversity.

3. Is English widely spoken in Malaysia?

Yes, English is widely spoken & understood in Malaysia. It is taught in schools & is commonly used in business & tourism.

4. Are Chinese languages popular in Malaysia?

Yes, Chinese languages, particularly Mandarin, Hokkien, & Cantonese, are widely spoken among the Chinese community in Malaysia. Chinese language education is also prevalent.

5. Are there any endangered languages in Malaysia?

Yes, several indigenous languages in Malaysia are considered endangered, with declining numbers of speakers. Efforts are being made to preserve & revitalize these languages & their cultural heritage.

6. Can I get by with just English in Malaysia?

While it is possible to navigate Malaysia with just English, knowing a few common phrases in Bahasa Malaysia can greatly enhance your interactions with the locals & showcase your cultural appreciation.

7. Are there any language immersion programs in Malaysia?

Yes, there are language immersion programs available in Malaysia for those interested in learning Malay, Mandarin, Tamil, & other languages. These programs provide an immersive experience, allowing participants to enhance their language skills while embracing the local culture.

8. What resources are available for learning the languages of Malaysia?

There are numerous online resources, language schools, & language exchange programs available for learning the languages of Malaysia. Local community centers & cultural organizations also offer language classes & cultural events.

9. How do languages impact Malaysian culture?

Languages play a vital role in shaping & preserving Malaysian culture. They serve as a medium for storytelling, transmitting cultural knowledge, & fostering a sense of belonging among different ethnic communities.

10. Can I use Google Translate to communicate in Malaysia?

While Google Translate can be a helpful tool, it is always advisable to practice speaking & understanding the local language when communicating in Malaysia. This not only enhances the overall experience but also shows respect for the local culture & fosters meaningful connections.

The languages of Malaysia are a reflection of the country’s rich cultural tapestry & historical influences. From Malay to Chinese languages, Tamil to indigenous languages, Malaysia’s linguistic diversity adds vibrancy & depth to its multicultural society. By embracing the diverse languages spoken in Malaysia, we can gain a deeper understanding & appreciation of the country’s rich cultural heritage. Whether you’re a visitor or a resident, exploring the languages of Malaysia is an enriching journey that opens doors to new connections & cultural experiences.

Rekomendasi:

• Demographics of Malaysia: An In-Depth Analysis

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• Malaysian literature
• States and federal territories of Malaysia
• Native Americans in the United States
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• The Malay States: Unveiling the Richness of Southeast Asia
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• Demonyms for the United States
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• The System of Government in Malaysia
• Human Rights in Malaysia
• Malaysia's foreign policy: Strengthening Global Connections
• The Wildlife of Malaysia
• Transport in Malaysia: Navigating the Land of Diversity
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• What Languages Are Spoken In Malaysia?

• The official language spoken in Malaysia is the Malaysian language, also called Malaysian Malay or simply just Malay.
• Malaysia has the Malaysian Standard English (MySE) also known as Manglish, which has roots in the British English. It is primarily used in education.
• Malaysia is also home to an impressive number of indigenous languages. 137 indigenous languages are spoken in various parts of the country.

The official language spoken in Malaysia is the Malaysian language, also called Malaysian Malay or simply just Malay. It is spoken by the majority of the country and is taught extensively in the country's public education system. Aside from Malay, English is also very commonly spoken in Malaysia. Chinese dialects such as Mandarin and Hokkien are also spoken in the country, primarily by those of Chinese ethnic origin. Tamil is also another popular language of Malaysia, primarily spoken by Indian-origin residents.

Malaysia is also home to an impressive number of indigenous languages. In total, there are 137 languages used in different parts of Malaysia with some languages having their own dialects while others are dialects of Chinese origin like the Yue and Min. Most people in Malaysia - especially young people - are multilingual and are able to speak at least English, Malay and Mandarin with moderate fluency.

Official Languages Of Malaysia

Malay: the official and the national language of malaysia.

The Malay language belongs to the Austronesian family and it is the most widely spoken language in the country with ten dialects. The official standardized dialect is Bahasa. Malay language has more than 20 million users in other countries like Indonesia and the Philippines. The language gained prominence after the race riots of 1969 in Malaysia. Languages like Indonesian are a variant of the Malay language. Archaeologists found early scripts of Malay dating back to as early as 683 AD in Southern Sumatra and Bangka Island. In the 14th century, the Malay language was written in Indian script, then Arabic, and then replaced by Latin script years later in the 17th century. Experts divide the history of Malay language into five historical periods namely; Old Malay, Transitional Period Malay, the Malacca (Classical) Period Malay, Late Modern Malay, and the Modern Malay. The Sanskrit language heavily influenced by Old Malay, and during the Malacca / Classical period (1402 – 1511) the language developed quickly under the influence of Islamic literature influence during the reign of the Sultanate of Malacca.

Malaysia has the Malaysian Standard English (MySE) also known as Manglish, which has roots in the British English. It is primarily used in education and less in other sectors of the country. A majority of the population (60%) can speak it though the use of the language is on the decrease. MySE has deep Malay, Tamil, and Chinese influence. MySE is non-rhotic and classified into three categories; the acrolect (near native), mesolect (normal Malaysian English), and basilect (low knowledge).

Chinese Languages Spoken In Malaysia

Mandarin is the most widely spoken form of Chinese language in Malaysia. This language is a lingua franca among the Malaysian Chinese and widely used in Chinese schools and businesses. Other variants of Chinese include Hokkien, Cantonese, Hakka, Hainanese, Hok-chew, Yue, and Min among others. However, most of the less popular Chinese languages are facing extinction as more people adopt Mandarin.

Indigenous Languages Of Malaysia

There are over 30 native tribes in Malaysia with their distinct ancestral languages including sub-dialects. Among the native languages, Kazadandusuns and Iban are the most noticeable and people in Sarawak speak the language with a strong presence in educational literature. In Sabah, the indigenous people speak Dusun and Kadazan, Bajau, Murut, Lun, Bruneian, Rungus, Bisaya, Iranun, Bawang, Sungai, Suluk, and Sama. These languages are facing extinction because of their narrow reach. On the Malaysian peninsula, there are three major language groupings namely Negrito, Senoi, and Malayic, forming other 18 subgroups. Other indigenous languages include Semai and Thai.

Overview of Languages in Malaysia

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• 1.1 Peninsular Malaysia
• 1.2 East Malaysia
• 3 Other destinations
• 4.1 History
• 4.2 Politics
• 4.3 Geography
• 4.5 Culture
• 4.6 Holidays
• 4.7 Climate
• 4.8 Tourist information
• 6.1.1 Transit visas
• 6.2 By plane
• 6.3 By train
• 6.5 By taxi
• 6.6 By road
• 6.7 By boat
• 6.8 On foot
• 7.1 By plane
• 7.2 By train
• 7.4 By taxi
• 7.5 By ride-hailing
• 9.1 Whitewater Rafting
• 9.2 Martial arts
• 10.2 Banking
• 10.4 Tipping
• 10.5 Shopping
• 11.1 Where to eat
• 11.2 Dietary restrictions
• 12.1 Alcohol
• 13.1 Budget
• 13.2 Mid-range
• 13.3 Splurge
• 16.2 Corruption
• 16.3 Traffic safety
• 16.5 Natural disasters
• 17.1 Healthcare
• 19.1 Electricity
• 19.2 Newspapers
• 20.1 Internet
• 20.2 SIM cards
• 20.3 Telephone numbers
• 20.4 Postal services

Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia , on the Malay Peninsula, as well as on northern Borneo . The country is one of Asia's tiger economies, having seen great economic and human development during the last several decades. While the capital Kuala Lumpur is a cosmopolitan city, deep jungles cover vast swaths of the land, and the offshore islands are home to pristine beaches and some of the world's best scuba diving sites. Malaysia is also a foodie's paradise, with its diverse ethnic groups contributing to an incredibly rich culinary heritage.

Regions [ edit ]

Malaysia is divided into two main geographical regions, commonly known as Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. See Geography for more information.

Peninsular Malaysia [ edit ]

East Malaysia [ edit ]

Cities [ edit ].

• 3.147778 101.695278 1 Kuala Lumpur — the multi-cultural national capital, home of the Petronas Twin Towers
• 5.4145 100.3292 2 George Town — the capital of Penang and Malaysia's second largest city, famed for its colonial-era architecture, multi-cultural populace, food and arts scene
• 2.188889 102.251111 3 Malacca — the historical city of Malaysia with colonial-style architecture
• 4.6 101.07 4 Ipoh — the capital of Perak , with a historic colonial old town and tin mining area
• 1.455556 103.761111 5 Johor Bahru — capital of Johor and Malaysia's third largest city
• 3.816667 103.333333 6 Kuantan — capital of Pahang and commercial centre of the East Coast
• 5.975 116.0725 7 Kota Kinabalu — close to tropical islands, lush rain forest and Mount Kinabalu
• 1.5575 110.343889 8 Kuching — capital of Sarawak , and largest city in East Malaysia
• 4.414722 114.008889 9 Miri — resort city of Sarawak located near the border of Brunei and gateway to UNESCO World Heritage Site , Gunung Mulu National Park

Other destinations [ edit ]

• 4.529167 101.338889 1 Cameron Highlands — famous for its tea plantations
• 5.916667 102.733333 2 Perhentian Islands ( Pulau Perhentian ) — glittering jewels off the East Coast still undiscovered by mass tourism
• 4.7 102.466667 3 Taman Negara — a large area of rainforest national park spanning Kelantan , Pahang and Terengganu
• 6.35 99.8 5 Langkawi — an archipelago of 99 islands known for its beaches, rainforest, mountains, mangrove estuaries and unique nature. It's also a duty-free island
• 4.114683 118.628756 6 Sipadan ( Pulau Sipadan ) — one of the best dive spots in the world
• 5.775 103.015 7 Redang ( Pulau Redang ) — popular island destination for scuba divers
• 2.816667 104.183333 8 Tioman ( Pulau Tioman ) — once nominated one of the most beautiful islands in the world
• 3.711944 101.736389 9 Fraser's Hill — a time warp to the colonial era

Understand [ edit ]

Malaysia is a mix of the modern world and a developing nation. With its investment in high technology industries and moderate oil wealth, it has become a rich nation in Southeast Asia. Malaysia, for most visitors, presents a happy mix: there is high-tech infrastructure and things generally work well and more or less on schedule, but prices remain more reasonable than, say, Singapore . The demographics between the rich and poor can also be quite apparent: for example, a high rise luxury condominium building built right across the street from old, rundown shop lots or flats. However, you will not find extreme rural poverty or gigantic urban slums as in other countries in Southeast Asia.

In terms of attractions, peninsular (West) Malaysia contains islands with gorgeous beaches and a fraction of visitors found in Thailand 's most popular beaches, mountain retreats surrounded by tea plantations, interesting historical cities, world-famous food, and the highly modern, multi-cultural capital of Kuala Lumpur . East Malaysia contains lush jungles with diverse native population and wildlife, as well as stunning natural attractions such as giant caves, beautiful mountains and fantastic diving sites. Notably, however, Malaysia is not as popular among backpackers as other Southeast Asian destinations such as Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam , partly due to the relatively higher costs, and partly due to the more religious and conservative, albeit generally tolerant, culture. It also lacks the ancient Hindu and/or Buddhist temples and temple complexes of its neighbors, though it does have some large ones built since the 19th century.

History [ edit ]

Before the rise of the European colonial powers, the Malay Peninsula and the Malay archipelago were home to empires such as the Srivijaya (whose capital was near modern Palembang , Sumatra , but which included the entire Malay Peninsula and lands further north at its greatest extent), the Majapahit (centred in Java , now part of Indonesia, but believed by most scholars to have included the entire Malay Peninsula and most of coastal Borneo among its vassal states) and the Malacca Sultanate. The Srivijaya and Majapahit empires saw the spread of Hinduism to the region, and to this day, despite the fact that Malays are Muslims, many Hindu legends and traditions survive in traditional Malay culture. Mass conversion to Islam only occurred after the arrival of Arab traders during the Malacca Sultanate.

During the 16th century the Portuguese established the first European colony in Southeast Asia by defeating the Malacca Sultanate. The Portuguese were religiously intolerant and cruel, so the Sultan of Johor assisted the Dutch in defeating them, and the Netherlands took control of the city. The British also established their first colony on the Malay peninsula in Penang when it was ceded by the Sultan of Kedah in 1786. Finally, the area was divided into Dutch and British spheres of influence with the signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty in 1824. With this treaty, the Dutch agreed to cede Malacca to the British and in return, the British ceded all their colonies on Sumatra to the Dutch. The line of division roughly corresponds to what is today the border between Malaysia and Indonesia .

Before World War II, the Malay Peninsula was governed by the British as the Federated Malay States (Selangor, Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang), which were governed as a single protectorate, the Unfederated Malay States (Johor, Kedah, Perlis, Terengganu and Kelantan), which were each governed as separate protectorates. The Straits Settlements (including Malacca, Penang and Singapore), which were crown colonies directly administered by the British colonisers. These colonies and protectorates were collectively referred to as " Malaya ". British Borneo consisted of the British colony of North Borneo, the Kingdom of Sarawak, which was ruled by a British family known as the "White Rajas", and the British protectorate of Brunei.

World War II was disastrous for the British Malayan Command. The Japanese swept down both coasts of the Malay Peninsula and despite fierce fighting, much of the British military was tied down fighting the Germans in Europe and those that remained in Malaya simply could not cope with the Japanese onslaught. The British military equipment left to defend Malaya was outdated and no match for the modern technology used by the Japanese, and the only two British battleships based in the region, the HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse, were sunk by Japanese bombers off the East Coast of Malaya. By 31 January 1942, the British had been pushed all the way back to Singapore, which fell to the Japanese on 15 February 1942. The situation was no different on Borneo, which fell to the Japanese on 1 April 1942 after months of fierce fighting. The Japanese occupation was brutal, and many, particularly the ethnic Chinese, suffered and perished during the occupation. Among the most notorious atrocities committed by the Japanese were the Sandakan Death Marches, with only 6 out of 2,345 prisoners surviving the war.

After World War II, the Federated Malay States, Unfederated Malay States and the Straits Settlements of Malacca and Penang were federated to form a single British colony known as the Malayan Union, with Singapore being split off to form a separate colony. In the Malayan Union, the sultans of the various states ceded all their powers except those in religious affairs to the British crown. However, widespread opposition to the Malayan Union led the British to reconsider their position, and in 1948, the Malayan Union was replaced by the Federation of Malaya, in which the executive positions of the sultans were restored. In Borneo, the White Rajas ceded Sarawak to the British crown in 1946, making it a crown colony of the United Kingdom.

On 31 August 1957, Malaya gained independence from the British. At midnight, the Union Jack was lowered, and the Malayan flag raised in its place at what is today Dataran Merdeka (Independence Square) in Kuala Lumpur . The crowd, led by the first Prime Minister of Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman, then proceeded to chant " Merdeka " seven times. On 16 September 1963, Malaysia was formed through the merging of Malaya with the British colonies of North Borneo (now known as Sabah), Sarawak and Singapore, with Brunei deciding not to join. The first several years of the country's history were marred by the Confrontation ( Konfrontasi ) — actually a series of acts of aggression by Indonesia that ultimately ended in her defeat and a formal peace that has held ever since — and claims to Sabah from the Philippines.

On 9 August 1965 Singapore was officially expelled from the federation after several bloody racial riots as Singapore's majority Chinese population and the People's Action Party, led by Lee Kuan Yew (later the long-ruling Prime Minister of Singapore), were seen as a threat to Malay dominance. There were further racial riots in 1969, which led to the forced resignation of Tunku Abdul Rahman; his replacement by Tun Abdul Razak; changes in the Malaysian Constitution that sought to prevent the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition led by the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) from ever being defeated in a future national election; and the start of the New Economic Policy, which sought to aggressively promote the economic interests of the generally poorer Malay community (and also the non-Malay indigenous peoples of East Malaysia) over those of the generally less poor Chinese community (with the poorest major ethnic group, the Indians, and also to a very large extent the Orang Asli [aboriginal people] in the Peninsula mostly ignored in the process).

In 1975, boat people from across the South China Sea in Vietnam started coming, and Malaysia became one of the most important places of first refuge for Indochinese refugees, but in general, only those of the Muslim Champa minority were invited to stay permanently. Later, during the period of tremendous economic development under the long premiership of Mahathir Mohammed, a large number of immigrant workers were invited from Bangladesh , Indonesia , India , and several other countries in the area, and even more immigrated illegally. This further increased the diversity of the population, and quite a number of the workers were reported in local newspapers to have intermarried with local women, but it also led to social strife as many Malaysian men resented the competition, and while the economy depended on immigrant workers to do jobs most Malaysians were no longer willing to do, now that their standard of living was higher, most Malaysians also did not want to permanently absorb a large and potentially almost limitless number of poor people from the much more populous countries in the region. Some immigrants were expelled and even caned for immigration violations, but the issue has never been really resolved.

Things came to a head in 2015 when allegations of corruption by then-prime minister Najib Razak surfaced in connection with 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB), which was originally set up to promote economic development by attracting foreign investment. The allegations led to the Bersih (Malay for "clean") rally in which protesters unsuccessfully called for Najib to step down. However, widespread discontent arising from the 1MDB corruption scandal continued to simmer, eventually leading to a shock first-ever electoral defeat for the incumbent BN coalition in the 2018 general election.

Politics [ edit ]

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy consisting of 13 states and 3 federal territories, nominally headed by the king ( Yang di-Pertuan Agong , lit. Paramount Ruler), whose position rotates among the rulers of the 9 royal states of Malaysia every five years, giving Malaysia a unique political system of rotational monarchy. The current king, Tuanku Abdullah from Pahang, was sworn into office on 31 January 2019 and his term ends on 31 January 2024. In practice, the king is only the nominal head of state, while the prime minister is the one who wields the most authority in government.

Malaysia's government is largely based on the British Westminster system, consisting of a bicameral national parliament. The lower house, known as the Dewan Rakyat (Hall of the People) is elected directly by the people. The upper house, known as the Dewan Negara (National Hall), consists of 26 members elected by the state governments, with each state having 2 representatives, while the remaining members are appointed by the king. The head of government is the prime minister, who is the party leader of the winning party in the lower house.

At the state level, each of the states also has its own unicameral Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly), with the head of the state government being the Menteri Besar (First Minister, often translated as "Chief Minister" in English-language media) in the royal states, and the Ketua Menteri (Chief Minister) in the non-royal states.

Geography [ edit ]

Malaysia comprises two geographic regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia, which are separated by the South China Sea.

Peninsular Malaysia ( Semenanjung Malaysia ) occupies all of the Malay Peninsula between Thailand and Singapore , and is also known as West Malaysia ( Malaysia Barat ) or the slightly archaic Malaya ( Tanah Melayu ). It's home to the bulk of Malaysia's population, the capital and the largest city Kuala Lumpur , and generally more economically developed. Peninsular Malaysia consists of plains on both the East and West Coasts, separated from each other by a mountain range known as the Banjaran Titiwangsa , with the West Coast being more densely populated and generally more well-developed than the East Coast.

Separated some 800 km to the east of Peninsular Malaysia is East Malaysia ( Malaysia Timur ). East Malaysia occupies the northern third of the island of Borneo , shared with Indonesia and tiny Brunei . Much of the development on East Malaysia is centred around the cities of Kuching , Miri and Kota Kinabalu . Outside of the major cities and smaller towns are impenetrable jungle where head hunters once roamed and coastal plains rising to mountains. East Malaysia is rich in natural resources and is very much Malaysia's hinterland for industry and tourism, though those who make the trip will find it to be a world-class ecotourism destination.

People [ edit ]

Malaysia is a multicultural society. While Malays (a branch of the Austronesian group) make up a 52% majority, 27% of Malaysians are Chinese (who are especially visible in the cities), 9% are Indians, 12% are members of aboriginal peoples (often called Orang Asli , Malay for "Original People"), and there is a miscellaneous grouping of 1.5% "others", including Thai communities in northern border states and the Portuguese clan in Malacca. The majority of the population (including virtually all Malays, as well as a significant minority of Indians) adheres to Islam , the state religion, and there are substantial minorities who practice Christianity , Buddhism , Taoism, Hinduism , Sikhism and animism, which are allowed under the constitution, subject to the supremacy of Islam — for example, it is illegal to proselytize other religions to Muslims.

Culture [ edit ]

Malaysia shares many cultural similarities with its neighbours, Brunei, Indonesia and Singapore due to their common history. As the first great kingdoms to emerge in the region were Hindu kingdoms with much influence from India, Malay culture has substantial Indian influences. This is most visible in Malay cuisine with its relatively heavy use of curries, albeit using local instead of Indian spices, meaning that Malay curries often have a unique local flavour that is different from their Indian counterparts. Malaysia's minorities also continue to maintain their own distinct cultures, with the Chinese and Indian communities continuing to preserve the traditions brought from their ancestral homelands. In particular, Malaysia's ethnic Chinese community is considered to have preserved Chinese culture and language the best among all the overseas Chinese communities of the world. Moreover, as Malaysia was unaffected by the Cultural Revolution, the ethnic Chinese community of Malaysia has preserved many elements of traditional Chinese culture that have been lost in mainland China.

Holidays [ edit ]

One of the significant characteristics of Malaysian culture is its celebration of various festivals and events. The year is filled with colourful, exhilarating and exciting activities. Some are religious and solemn but others are vibrant, joyous events. One interesting feature of the main festivals here is the 'open house' custom. This is when Malaysians celebrating the festival invite friends and family to come by their homes for some traditional delicacies and fellowship.

Multicultural Malaysia celebrates a vast range of festivals, but the ones to look out for nationwide are Islamic holidays, most notably the fasting month of Ramadan . During its 29 or 30 days, Muslims refrain from eating, drinking, smoking and sex from dawn to sunset. Not all Muslims follow the tradition, or sustain the full period of Ramadan fasting, but most do make a very serious effort. Pregnant, breast feeding or menstruating women are not expected to fast, nor are the elderly, the infirm, or travellers. People get up early before sunrise for a meal ( sahur ), and take off early to get back home in time to break fast ( buka puasa ) at sunset.

At the end of the month is the festival of Eid ul-Fitr , known locally as Hari Raya Puasa or Aidilfitri , when many locals take one to two weeks off to 'balik kampung' or return to their home towns to meet family and friends. Accordingly, this is one of the many times in a year when major cities like Kuala Lumpur have virtually no traffic congestion.

Another important festival is the Muslim festival of Eid ul-Adha , known locally as Hari Raya Haji or Aidiladha . It is during this festival that Muslims perform the Hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca. In local mosques, cows and goats are donated by the faithful and sacrificed, after which the meat is distributed to all. Family reunions are also celebrated during other main festivals when locals usually put on traditional costumes and finery as these festivals are an integral feature of Malaysian society.

During the month of Ramadan, non-Muslims are expected to be considerate of those fasting. Non-Muslims, as well as Muslims travelling ( musafir ), are exempt from fasting but it is polite to refrain from eating or drinking in public. Public school systems also require non-Muslims to refrain from eating in front of those who are fasting. Many restaurants close during the day and those that stay open maintain a low profile. Business travellers will notice that things move rather more slowly than usual. The upside for foreign travellers are the Ramadan bazaars in every city and town, bustling with activity and bursting at the seams with great food. Hotels and restaurants also pull out all stops to put on massive spreads of food for fast-breaking feasts. During the month of Ramadan, meals at the end of fasts are usually considered grand feasts. Worldwide fast-food chain McDonald's is known for holding several all-you-can-eat Ramadan feasts during the month.

Other major holidays include Chinese New Year (around January/February), Deepavali or Diwali , the Hindu festival of lights (around October/November), the Buddhist holiday of Wesak (around May/June), and Christmas (25 December). During Chinese New Year, George Town and Ipoh become the major cities as many local Chinese working and living in KL originated from there. However this situation is changing gradually, as more and more people are making Kuala Lumpur their home town. While visiting during such festivals, travellers will be able to experience many wonderful celebrations, but the downside is many ethnic shops/eateries will be closed. The best option is to visit during the period just after the first two days of the major festival (Hari Raya/Chinese New Year), when shops will open, and the festive mood has still not died down.

Another major celebration is Deepavali , celebrated by the Malaysian Hindus as the festival of light originating from classical India and one of the main cultural celebrations. In Malaysia, locals practice this tradition by wearing new clothes and receiving token gifts of money. This practice has been adapted by all Malaysians regardless of their religion. They distribute red packets or ang pow during Chinese New Year, green packets or 'duit raya' for Hari Raya Aidilfitri and multi-coloured packets during Deepavali.

Some uniquely Malaysian festivals of note include the Harvest Festival at the end of May each year and the ' Pesta Gawai' in early June, both thanksgiving celebrations held in East Malaysia .

Thaipusam is a Hindu festival that falls in January or February and is one of the must-see events. The largest procession in the country takes place at Batu Caves, Selangor. Male devotees carry decorated altars or kavadi up a flight of 272 steps towards the temple, all this while also having religious spears and hooks pierced through external surfaces of their bodies. The ability is attributed to divine intervention and religious fervour. Female devotees join the procession carrying pots of milk on their head instead.

Climate [ edit ]

The climate in Malaysia is equatorial. The north-east monsoon (October to February) deluges Borneo and the East Coast of the Peninsula in rain and often causes flooding, while the West Coast (particularly Langkawi and Penang) escapes unscathed. The milder south-west monsoon (April to October) reverses the pattern. The southern and central parts of Peninsular Malaysia, including perennially soggy Kuala Lumpur, are exposed to both but even during the rainy season, the showers tend to be intense but brief.

Malaysia is close to the equator, so warm weather is guaranteed. Temperatures generally range from 32°C (90°F) at noon to about 26°C (79°F) at midnight. But like most Southeast Asian countries, Malaysia's sun-shining days are interrupted by monsoon season every year, and night temperatures can hit a low of about 23°C (73°F) on rainy days.

Temperatures tend to be cooler in the highlands, with the likes of Genting Highlands , Cameron Highlands and Fraser's Hill having temperatures ranging from about 17°C (63°F) at night to about 25°C (77°F) in the day. Mount Kinabalu is known to have temperatures falling below 10°C (50°F).

Tourist information [ edit ]

• Malaysia Tourism Corporation

Talk [ edit ]

The national-level official language of Malaysia is Malay (officially Bahasa Malaysia , sometimes also known as Bahasa Melayu ) and English is also the co-official language of the state of Sarawak . The Indonesian language, spoken across the border in Indonesia, is similar to Malay, and speakers of both languages can generally understand each other. The main differences are in the loanwords: Malay borrowed more from English, while Indonesian borrowed more from Dutch. Some parts of Malaysia near the Thai border, most notably Kelantan , have dialects of Malay which are nearly incomprehensible to speakers of standard Malay, though most people in these areas will be able to converse in standard Malay if needed.

English is compulsory in all schools and widely spoken in the larger cities, among the well-educated upper class, as well as around the main tourist attractions, although in rural areas a little Malay will come in handy. There is also a local dialect of English spoken among Malaysians in urban areas, not inappropriately known as Manglish , which has its own simplified grammar and a vocabulary that is mostly English but includes borrowings from Malay and several other locally-spoken languages; it takes a bit of getting used to if you intend to join in the conversation on local topics. Almost all Malaysians will not pronounce the letter, "h", so "three" becomes "tree". Malaysians will almost always try to speak 'standardized English' (British) when approached by Western travellers. In general, police stations and government offices have English-speaking staff on duty.

Arabic is taught to those who attend Islamic religious schools, and many clerics as well as other very observant Muslims have a functional command of Arabic. However, it is not widely spoken, though the Malay language does have a large number of loan words from Arabic. You also might notice some examples of Malay written with Arabic letters. This is called Jawi, and it is still used for religious publications and inscriptions, especially in more conservative states like Kelantan , although the Latin alphabet is much more commonly used throughout the country.

The Chinese community in Malaysia speaks a wide variety of Chinese dialects including Cantonese , Teochew , Hakka , Hainanese , Hokchiu and Hokkien . Mandarin is taught in Chinese schools while Cantonese is commonly heard in the mass media due to the popularity of TVB serials from Hong Kong among the Chinese community, so many are conversant in both, regardless of their native dialect. Malaysian cities with large ethnic Chinese populations will often have a dialect serving as a lingua franca among that community: in Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh, this is Cantonese; in Penang and Klang, Hokkien; and in Kota Kinabalu, Hakka. The most commonly spoken Indian language is Tamil ; others include Malayalam , Punjabi and Telugu .

In the northern states of Peninsular Malaysia bordering Thailand, there are various ethnic Thai communities, known locally as the Orang Siam , who speak various dialects of Thai . Malacca in the south is also home to a Portuguese community which speaks a Portuguese based creole. The remote forest areas of Peninsular Malaysia are also home to various tribal people known as the Orang Asli , who speak various indigenous languages such as Semelai, Temuan and many others. In East Malaysia several indigenous languages are also spoken, especially Iban and Kadazan.

Films and television programmes are usually shown in their original language with Malay subtitles, although some children's programmes are dubbed into Malay.

Get in [ edit ]

Immigration formalities [ edit ].

Most nationalities can enter Malaysia without a visa and can reside in Malaysia for 14 to 90 days, depending on their nationality. Refer to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for current information regarding visa requirements and stay periods. The East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak each maintains its own immigration system and separate controls: even Malaysians from other states require a passport or MyKad on arrival.

Those who wish to enter Malaysia for purposes other than for a Social or Business visit still require a visa for any period (except for US citizens who enter for the purpose of studying) but see here for "loopholes" [dead link] .

Nationals of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Montenegro, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Serbia, and Sri Lanka need a visa but can apply for an e-visa , which is valid for 3 months for a stay of up to 30 days. You'll have to print out the visa once it's issued and bring proof of sufficient funds, a return ticket, and proof of accommodation when you enter the country.

Nationals of India and China are exempted from visa until December 31, 2024. This is valid for a stay of up to 30 days.

Overstaying a visa will result in a US$10, €7.50 or RM30 fine per day. However it's fairly simple to avoid overstaying a visa by doing a "visa run" to a neighbouring country overland or via a cheap flight. Malaysia may impose caning as a punishment for overstaying a visa.

The official requirement is to submit the MDAC at least 3 days in advance, but in practice you can submit it on the day of arrival while in the queue to immigration.

Citizens of Australia , Brunei , Germany , Japan , New Zealand , Saudi Arabia , Singapore , South Korea , the United Kingdom and the United States may use the autogates to complete immigration formalities when entering and exiting Malaysia via Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). In addition, citizens of Singapore can use the autogates at when crossing the Causeway or Second Link by road (but not by train). Your passport needs to be valid for a minimum of 6 months if entering via KLIA, or 3 months if entering by road from Singapore. Entry through any other immigration checkpoint will require you to be processed at a manned immigration counter.

It is advisable to use autogates if you can, as the immigration queues can be quite brutal. If you are qualified for the autogates, on your first visit you will need to enroll (get your fingerprints collected). To do so, instead of heading to the regular immigration queue, head to the autogates, and see an immigration officer next to them. On subsequent visits, you can go straight to the autogates.

If you are not a Malaysian citizen and cannot use the autogates, ensure that your passport is stamped on entry , or you would be considered to have entered illegally otherwise (and Malaysian immigration officials don't always give entry stamps unprompted). Fines on the order of RM3,000 will be imposed when you try to leave without the entry stamp in your passport. Also ensure that your passport is stamped when you leave , or you would be considered to have left illegally otherwise, which could cause problems should you wish to visit Malaysia again in the future.

Transit visas [ edit ]

Even though citizens of Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka normally require a visa, they can transit the same airport for up to 120 hours provided they arrive and depart on the same airline, land at Sepang, Kota Kinabalu , Kuching , Penang or Senai and present a genuine air ticket.

By plane [ edit ]

National carrier Malaysia Airlines (MAS) has extensive coverage within Asia, and intercontinental flights to Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. It regularly ranks high in airline quality assessments. Low-cost carrier AirAsia and its sister company, AirAsia X , connects an ever-expanding set of countries including Australia , China , Cambodia , Hong Kong , India , Indonesia , Laos , Macau , New Zealand , the Philippines , Singapore , Sri Lanka , Thailand , Myanmar and Vietnam . Emirates also flies from most cities to Kuala Lumpur via Dubai , and flights to Perth , Australia , make a brief stop in KLIA .

• AirAsia , ☏ +60 3 8775-4000 , 1 300 88 9933 (in country only) .  
• Malaysia Airlines , ☏ +60 3 7846-3000 , 1-300-88-3000 (in country only) .  
• Emirates Airlines , ☏ +60 36 207 4999 .  

Most international flights land at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) ( KUL  IATA ). KLIA's predecessor, the Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport ( SZB  IATA ) in Subang near Kuala Lumpur handles general aviation and turboprop fights, including an international flight from Singapore's Seletar Airport on Firefly . See the Kuala Lumpur Get in section for detailed airport information.

Other airports which have significant numbers of flights to regional destinations are Kota Kinabalu (Sabah), Penang , Kuching (Sarawak), Langkawi and Johor Bahru .

By train [ edit ]

• From Singapore: There's a shuttle train service which runs seven times each way during the morning and evening periods from Woodlands Train Station (in the north of Singapore ) to JB sentral in Johor Bahru , costing MYR5 from the Malaysian side and SGD5 on the Singapore side. Conventional intercity trains then connect Johor Bahru with Gemas (where you can transfer to a train to Kuala Lumpur ) and Tumpat, near Kota Bharu . They don't always match up to the shuttle times, so be prepared for long waiting times or get a backup plan by bus should you miss the shuttle. Early morning trains to Singapore and late evening trains to Malaysia are usually packed on the weekdays and the traffic flow reverses on the weekends. Booking online at the KTMB website may reserve a precious seat without hassle. When travelling from Singapore into Malaysia, both Singaporean and Malaysian immigration checks are conducted at Woodlands Train Station before boarding the train for Malaysia. In the reverse direction, Malaysian immigration checks are conducted at JB Sentral before boarding, while Singaporean immigration checks are conducted on arrival in Woodlands.
• From Thailand: Trains from Thailand start and terminate at the border at Padang Besar where Thai and Malaysian immigration formalities are all conveniently done in the station, and you can transfer between Malaysian and Thai trains. There are two Padang Besar stations; one in Thailand and one in Malaysia; be sure to get off the train only at the Padang Besar station in Malaysia, as that is where both Thai and Malaysian immigration checks are conducted, and where transfers between the Malaysian and Thai trains take place. There is also a less used eastern route from Hat Yai to Thai border town Sungai Kolok , but there are no through trains to the nearby Malaysian station at Wakaf Bahru (near Kota Bharu ).

By bus [ edit ]

Long-distance buses/coaches into Malaysia run from Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. Please see the relevant city pages for more details.

• Brunei — There are buses to Miri and Kota Kinabalu , leaving from the waterfront in downtown Bandar Seri Begawan . There are also buses to Limbang .
• Indonesia — Direct buses operate between Pontianak in West Kalimantan and Kuching in Sarawak .
• Singapore — A multitude of bus companies operate direct routes from Singapore to various destinations in Peninsular Malaysia , including Malacca , Kuala Lumpur , Penang , East Coast cities and even Petaling Jaya and Subang Jaya . Frequent public buses make the short run between Singapore and Johor Bahru , and you can save a few bucks by changing at JB's Larkin terminal to a cheap domestic bus instead of taking a more expensive direct bus.
• Thailand — Several companies operate services from Kuala Lumpur and other cities in Malaysia to Hat Yai in southern Thailand , where direct connections are available to Bangkok and many other Thai destinations.

By taxi [ edit ]

Special cross-border taxis operate between Singapore and Johor Bahru. See Johor_Bahru#By_taxi for details.

By road [ edit ]

Land crossings are possible from southern Thailand and Singapore into Peninsular Malaysia , as well as from Brunei and Kalimantan (the Indonesian side of Borneo) into Sarawak . There is no official crossing into Sabah from Indonesia even though they share a land border. An International Drivers Permit (IDP) is required. See the respective city or state pages for more detailed information.

Starting from 1st October 2024, a vehicle entry permit (VEP) will be required to drive a foreign-registered car into Malaysia from Singapore. You must apply for the permit online , affix the RFID tag that will be sent to your home address to your car, and activate the tag online before you can drive into Malaysia.

• Brunei — The main crossings are at Sungai Tujoh on the Miri , Sarawak , to Bandar Seri Begawan (Brunei) road, and the Kuala Lurah-Tedungan checkpoint which is used for traffic travelling between Bandar Seri Begawan and Limbang in Sarawak . You can also access the Temburong district of Brunei by road from Limbang via the Pandaruan (Puni on the Brunei side) checkpoint and Lawas via Trusan (Labu on the Brunei side).
• Indonesia — The main crossing is at the Tebedu-Entikong checkpoint on the main Kuching - Pontianak road. The other two official crossings are the Biawak-Aruk and Lubok Antu-Nanga Badau border crossings. All three crossings are between the Malaysian state of Sarawak and the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan . There are also several unofficial crossings that are used by locals, but as a foreigner, you are advised not to use them as that is considered to be illegal entry.
• Singapore — The two crossings are the Causeway which links Johor Bahru with Woodlands in Singapore, and the Malaysia-Singapore Second Link which links Iskandar Puteri with Tuas in Singapore. See Johor Bahru Get in section and Singapore Get in section for more details. Generally speaking, the Second Link is less congested than the Causeway, and is more convenient for those who wish to drive up the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, but a lot less convenient for people who just want to visit Johor Bahru. Cycling into Malaysia is permitted only through the Causeway but not the Second Link; use the motorcycle lanes and have your entry processed at the manual motorcycle counters.
• Thailand — International checkpoints (from west to east, with the Thai towns in brackets) are at Wang Kelian ( Satun ) and Padang Besar ( Padang Besar ) in Perlis , Bukit Kayu Hitam ( Sadao ) and Kota Putra (Banprokob) in Kedah , Pengkalan Hulu (Betong) in Perak , and Bukit Bunga (Buketa) and Rantau Panjang ( Sungai Kolok ) in Kelantan . Thai immigration has long been known to demand a bribe of RM2/20 baht per person to stamp you in or out, though there has been a crackdown on this. Instead, there is now an official fee levied by Thai immigration if you are crossing the border at peak times (05:00-08:30, 12:00-13:00 or 16:30-21:00 on weekdays, and all day on weekends and both Malaysian and Thai public holidays); this is 25 baht for the driver and 5 baht for each passenger if crossing the border by car, and 10 baht for the rider and 3 baht for the pillion if crossing by motorcycle. No fee is payable if you are walking across the border.

By boat [ edit ]

Ferries connect various points in Peninsular Malaysia with Sumatra in Indonesia and southern Thailand , Sarawak with Brunei, and Sabah with East Kalimantan in Indonesia and Mindanao in the Philippines. Luxury cruises also run from Singapore and sometimes Phuket (Thailand) to Malaysia.

• Brunei — Ferries travel daily between the Muara Ferry Terminal in Brunei and Labuan island and Lawas in Sarawak . Speedboats, mostly in the morning, also run between Bandar Seri Begawan jetty and Limbang, Sarawak .
• Indonesia — The main jumping-off points from Indonesia are the Riau Islands of Batam , Bintan and Karimun ; Dumai , Medan and Pekanbaru on the Sumatra mainland as well as Nunukan in East Kalimantan . Ferries link Batam with Batu Pahat, Iskandar Puteri and Johor Bahru ; Bintan with Johor Bahru ; Karimun with Batu Pahat and Kukup in Johor ; Dumai with Malacca , Muar in Johor , Port Dickson (in Negeri Sembilan ) and Port Klang , the port for Selangor ; Pekanbaru with Malacca . Daily ferries also link Nunukan with Tawau in Sabah . There are also minor crossings like between Bengkalis in Riau and Batu Pahat; Sumatra and Malacca and Muar in Johor ; and Tanjung Balai Asahan in North Sumatra with Port Klang , the port for Selangor .
• Singapore — Daily passenger boats run between Changi Point and Pengerang , between Tanah Merah and Sebana Cove Resort, as well as Tanah Merah and Desaru , all in Johor . See the Singapore Get in section for details.
• Thailand — Four ferries travel daily (reduced to three during Ramadan) between Tammalang at Satun and Kuah on Langkawi , Malaysia. Vehicle ferries operate between Ban Taba near Tak Bai in Narathiwat province and Pengkalan Kubur in Kelantan , Malaysia, while passenger boats run between Ban Buketa in Narathiwat province and Bukit Bunga in Kelantan .

On foot [ edit ]

It is possible to enter Malaysia from Thailand by foot at Wang Kelian and Padang Besar (both in Perlis ), Bukit Kayu Hitam ( Kedah ), Pengkalan Hulu ( Perak ) and Rantau Panjang ( Kelantan ). From Singapore , it is possible to cross into Malaysia by foot using the Causeway, but be prepared for a very long walk as Malaysian immigration is now located 2km inland from the border. Unlike the previous customs and immigration complex, the current one was not set up to handle pedestrian traffic, meaning that there are no pedestrian footpaths on the Malaysian side, and you have to walk on the road among vehicular traffic to get to customs and immigration. Crossing the Second Link on foot is not allowed; not that there would be any practical way to continue your journey on either side even if you did.

Get around [ edit ]

Immigration controls are in place for travel between Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia, as well as between the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak. Malaysian citizens need to present their ID cards, while foreign citizens are required to present their passports in order to travel.

Largely thanks to budget carrier AirAsia , Malaysia is crisscrossed by a web of affordable flights with advertised "promotional" prices starting at RM9 for flights booked well in advance. Flying is the only practical option for traveling between peninsular Malaysia and Borneo, as well as reaching some of the more remote outposts of Borneo. State carrier Malaysia Airlines also has competitive fares which now offers equal or even lower priced tickets if booked in advance through the internet, with sustaining class of hospitality. And their offshoot Firefly has a handy network radiating out of Penang previously, has also began operating from the Subang (Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah) airport.

In Sabah and Sarawak , MASWings , operates turboprop services linking interior communities, including those in the Kelabit Highlands , with coastal cities. MASWings took over the rural air services network from FlyAsian Express on 1 October 2007, which in turn took the service over from Malaysia Airlines 14 months before that.

State operator Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) provides relatively inexpensive and generally reliable services around Peninsular Malaysia (but not Sabah / Sarawak in Borneo ). The main western line connects Butterworth , Ipoh , Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru , while the eastern line runs through Gua Musang and the Taman Negara to Kota Bharu , near the Thai border and the Perhentian Islands .

The pride of KTMB's fleet is the ETS (Electric Train Service) from Padang Besar to Gemas , with a branch line to Butterworth (with transfers to/from George Town by ferry) from Bukit Mertajam , running modern air-conditioned trains daily at 140 km/h. There is no longer ETS service from Padang Besar to Butterworth; the route is served by KTM Komuter trains instead, which while also electrified are designed for commuter rather than long-distance travel. The rest of the network, though, is mostly single-track, with slow diesel locos and all too frequent breakdowns and delays. In May, 2016 KTMB ceased all sleeper trains on the western line, following the electrification of the track to Gemas. An air conditioned 2nd class only, diesel shuttle train now connects the section from Gemas to JB Sentral. Electrification and double tracking of the Gemas to Johor Bahru section is expected to be completed by 2025.

The Jungle Railway is the apt description for the eastern line between Tumpat (close to the Thai border) and Gemas , including stops at Gua Musang , Kuala Lipis , Jerantut (for Taman Negara ) and Wakaf Bahru (for Kota Bharu and the Perhentian Islands ). The original "Jungle Train" is the slow daytime service which stops at every station (every 15-20min or so). It's 3rd class only, meaning no air-con and no reservations, and some stops may be lengthy as it's a single line and all other trains have priority - hence the "Jungle Train" waits in side loops along the way so that oncoming or overtaking trains can pass. Some find it to be a fascinating and stunningly scenic ride; others feel there's not much to see when you're in the jungle. The eastern line also has one night express train (for which reservations are possible and recommended) going in each direction. In addition to air-con seats, these trains have Superior Night (ADNS) sleeper cars, which have upper and lower berths along each side, each bunk having a solid partition at each end and a side curtain for privacy. The carriages shake and rattle quite a bit but are comfortable and clean. These trains have windows for both top and bottom bunks, unlike on Thai sleeper trains.

A third line, known as the East Coast Rail Link is under construction between Port Klang and Kota Bharu , with plans for it to pass through Kuantan and Kuala Terengganu along the way. It is scheduled to be completed in 2027.

Tickets can be booked and even printed online at KTMB's site. Enquiries and reservations can be made by phone at KTMB's call centres, ☏ +60 3 2267-1200 (Malaysia) or, ☏ +65 6222-5165 (Singapore).

In East Malaysia, the only railway line is run by Jabatan Kereta Api Negeri Sabah (JKNS) [dead link] (Web-site in Malay only), running from Tanjung Aru near Kota Kinabalu to the town of Tenom .

Malaysia's sole luxury train is the Eastern & Oriental Express , which travels from Singapore to Bangkok , with stops in Kuala Lumpur and Butterworth .

By car [ edit ]

Malaysia has an excellent highway network with over 2,000 km (1,200 mi) of expressways, culminating in the North-South Expressway along the West Coast from Johor Bahru at the border with Singapore all the way to Bukit Kayu Hitam in Kedah at the border with Thailand . There is also the East Coast Expressway , crossing Peninsular Malaysia coast-to-coast from Kuala Lumpur to Kuantan before heading up north towards Kuala Terengganu . Petrol is slightly cheaper than market prices at RM1.90/litre (Ron 95) (in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak). Tolls are payable on expressways, but these are priced at varying degrees, ranging from expensive to reasonable: driving the length of the country (734 km) from the Thai border to Singapore costs RM108. While you can drive from Singapore to Thailand within a day on the West Coast, the highway system is considerably less developed on the East Coast, and even less so in Sabah and Sarawak, so be sure to factor in additional travel time if travelling in those areas. Toll prices for highways and causeways inside major cities, especially Kuala Lumpur, are priced exorbitantly, ranging from RM4 to RM7 for each exit.

For those thinking of using GPS (Garmin, Papago, Galactio and Mio-Polnav), the Malaysia maps can be downloaded for free from http://www.malfreemaps.com/index.php Garmin user lucky enough to have another choice from http://www.malsingmaps.com/portal/ . Both party maps is contributed by the amazing non-profit group of people who share a common passion to make a GPS maps of Malaysia.

While driving quality and habits in Malaysia are better than in most of the rest of Southeast Asia, they are not necessarily great, especially compared to what visitors from most Western countries are used to at home. Traffic in Malaysia drives on the left, a legacy left by the British. Beware reckless motorcyclists, especially at night, and especially if you are a pedestrian: locals typically disregard a red light for left turns, putting pedestrians at risk. As a motorist, at traffic lights, motorcyclists will accumulate in front of you — let them drive away first to avoid accidents.

Care is needed when driving in larger cities, such as Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru and George Town. Problems include apparently suicidal motorcyclists, congested traffic lanes throughout the day, and bewildering roads especially in the older parts of the city where planning was virtually nonexistent by the then British colonial occupiers. Out of town, however, cars and motorcycles are the best and sometimes the only way to explore the country. Some of the more rural areas have motorcycles and scooters to rent for as little as RM25/day, a great way to explore the local area or larger islands like Langkawi. As expected, most rental agencies will require a valid drivers licence to be presented upon rental. Fuel levels are often compared before and after rental, and the vehicle is also checked for damage, so ensure everything is documented, and request a refund of any excess fuel if possible. The bigger car rental companies like Hertz and Avis may also require you to have a valid credit card where a deposit will be authorised but not deducted from (unless there is damage to the car).

Taxis are available in all cities and larger towns, although in smaller places you may have to call one (ask any shopkeeper or consult the yellow-pages). You will generally need to negotiate the fare in advance, although prepaid coupon taxis are usually available at airports. RM5 should suffice for a short cross-town trip, while RM100 is enough to hire a taxi for a full day.

Many taxis will refuse to use the meter, even though there is an official rate. Most taxis now have a sticker on the rear door informing tourists that haggling is prohibited. Taxi drivers, sensing that you are a tourist, may drive around and take a very long route to reach your destination.

If you need a taxi late at night, it is best to use the dial-a-taxi service as there have been incidents in which taxis flagged down during those hours have been fake/unregistered. An unregistered taxi driver might rob or assault you with the help of other assailants. You are also more likely to get a metered taxi by flagging one at a street than at a taxi stand.

It is advisable to study maps and compare fares on the internet before visiting the country. Knowing distances between places is helpful when negotiating with taxi drivers. They won't try to fool even a foreigner who demonstrates clearly that he knows the distance from point A to point B is 50 km and not 150 km.

Do not accept the first rates for inter-city travels by car offered by hotels, as these could be as much as double normal prices. In this case, negotiate with a taxi driver directly for a better and fair price (for example, a hotel near Balok Beach, not very far from Kuantan, asked 800 RM for a ride to Johor Bahru, while a negotiated price with a taxi driver who could be found in downtown Kuantan came down to a normal 400 RM). But for all this you need to know the exact distance and if possible even the exact itinerary between your departure and arrival point.

In Kuala Lumpur, the budget taxis are usually coloured Red and White (City taxi – these taxis are not allowed to travel out of the city e.g. to another state) or Yellow. Taxis are usually small saloons such as Proton Wira and run on NGV (Natural Gas). The Blue taxis are larger saloons or MPVs (Multi Purpose Vehicles) and more luxurious. These cost typically 25–30% more than the budget taxis & are normally available at taxi stands all over Kuala Lumpur including the major malls & hotels.

The Red & White taxis can be hailed off the roads and are metered. Ensure that the taxi driver is a Malaysian (all drivers must have a taxi permit &amp license with their photo on it) before you board, as unscrupulous taxi owners have been known to rent their taxi out to unlicensed stand-ins. All legal taxi drivers must be Malaysian citizens or permanent residents as the Malaysian government does not issue work visas to foreigners to drive taxis.

Additionally, beware of unlicensed taxis (taxi sapu) at the airports. They can literally take you for a ride. There will be touts at the airports offering travellers their taxi service, even pretending to be legitimate. As unbelievable as it may sound, some have been known to rob first time visitors hundreds of ringgit for a single trip into the city, charging 100 times more than the correct fare. At the airports always get your taxi from the authorised operators' booths set up in the airport itself & never from anyone that solicits directly. They will always claim to be legitimate but are rarely licensed and may be unsafe. The taxi operator booths can provide you with receipts. Another tip is to book your taxis in advance. All good hotels' concierge will be able to assist you with this. If travelling in an unlicensed taxi you may not be covered by your travel insurance should that taxi be involved in a mishap.

By ride-hailing [ edit ]

The most popular ride hailing app is Grab , which took over Uber's former Southeast Asian operations. You can pay with your card (via the Grab app) or cash; most drivers have change.

The cheapest way to travel in Malaysia is by bus. All towns of any size have a bus terminal offering connections to other parts of the country. There are many companies of varying degrees of dependability, but two of the largest and more reliable are Transnasional and NICE/Plusliner . 24-seater "luxury" buses are recommended for long-distance travel.

If travelling on holidays or even over the weekend, it is advisable to reserve your seats in advance. Many bus companies allow for you to book online directly through their website. However, some only allow online booking for individuals with Malaysian credit cards, which is not really convenient for international visitors. Luckily, most bus operators have banded together into two booking portals and are particularly handy if you have specific destinations but are not sure which bus company to use. Both allow payment with any credit card and require a nominal fee for their service (usually RM1-2).

• Bus Online Ticket , ☏ +603 2027 4626 , [email protected] . ( updated May 2019 )
• catchthatbus.com ( catchthatbus.com ), ☏ +603 9212 1818 (MY) , [email protected] .  
• redbus ( redbus ), ☏ +65-31582888 , [email protected] .  
• Easybook ( Easibook ), ☏ +60 4 332 7718 , [email protected] . ( updated Mar 2015 )

Air conditioning on some buses can be extremely cold so don't forget to bring a good sweater, pants and socks, especially for overnight journeys on luxury buses!

See [ edit ]

Malaysia is a fascinating country with many faces. It's multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, and its attractions vary from the iconic Petronas Towers in bustling Kuala Lumpur to perfect sandy beaches lined with palm trees and dense jungles with orangutangs and tigers.

There are various impressive national parks . Expeditions range from those where you hardly lose sight of the hotel to those where you are fully immersed in the jungle for weeks, with only the guide and yourself. To spot a tiger or wild elephant in its natural habitat you might have to spend more than a few days in the wild, but you'll have no trouble seeing smaller wildlife. Bako National Park is the oldest national park in Malaysia and one of the best places to see proboscis monkeys. The vast jungles of Taman Negara have become a popular destination for ecotourists , just like the remote but gorgeous Gunung Mulu National Park , a World Heritage Site famous for its limestone karst formations, stone pinnacles and huge caves. To escape from the muggy tropics, do as the English did and head up to the cool tea plantations of the Cameron Highlands , the quaint Tudor-style village on Fraser's Hill or climb Mount Kinabalu in Sabah .

For many people, Malaysia brings pictures of pristine beaches with great diving opportunities to mind - and for good reason. Sipadan off the coast of Sabah, and the beautiful Perhentian Islands are among the best (and most popular) places. Coastlines in the less industrialized parts of the country, in general, are well worth driving through for their natural beauty and relaxing seaside kampung (villages). Follow the crowds to the postcard perfect sands of the Langkawi Islands, where you can have a cocktail on the beach and stay in one of the many resorts.

If you're most interested in taking the pulse of a city, don't miss Kuala Lumpur ' s crazy quilt ultra-modern skyline, including the famous Petronas Twin Towers. George Town , the capital city of Penang , is known for its great food, colonial architecture, and relatively long-standing and institutionalized Chinese, Peranakan and Indian communities, who share the city with ethnic Malays, Thais and Eurasians. Ipoh is a good choice if you enjoy a somewhat slower paced city that features elegant colonial-era buildings from about 100 years ago, and Malacca is for those who want to trace the colonial and imperial history of Malaysia several hundred years further back. For a completely different experience, head to Kota Bharu to discover a unique conservative Islamic regional culture influenced by Thailand , only a few kilometres away, or visit the diverse cities of East Malaysia , like Kuching and Kota Kinabalu . Especially when travelling with children, consider visiting one of the country's excellent zoos, such as Taiping Zoo, Kuala Lumpur 's Zoo Negara, Johor Zoo and Malacca 's Zoo.

Do [ edit ]

Malaysia has excellent scuba diving . The most popular spots are the islands off the East Coast of peninsular Malaysia ( Perhentian , Redang , Tioman and many more), although the dive season is limited to April to September. However, the most famous dive site — often ranked among the best in the world — is Sipadan , off the easternmost tip of Malaysian Borneo . There are many other less well known sites, like Layang Layang .

Whitewater Rafting [ edit ]

You can find tame Grade I to incredibly difficult and dangerous Grade V rapids in Malaysia's many national parks:

• Jeram Besu - Grade I-III - Pahang
• Telom River - Grade V - Pahang
• Kuala Perahu - Pahang
• Lipis River - Pahang
• Anak Jelai River - Grade I-II - Pahang
• Tembeling River - Grade I-II - Pahang
• Sedim River - Grade III-IV - Kedah
• Sungai Selangor - Grade I-III - Selangor
• Kiulu River - Grade II - Sabah
• Padas River - Grade III-IV - Sabah
• Sungai Itek (Kampar River) - Grade I-III - Perak
• Sungkai River - Grade I-II - Perak
• Singoh River - Grade V - Perak
• Endau River - Johor
• Nenggiri River - Grade I-III Kelantan
• Kuala Kubu Bahru , Selangor

Martial arts [ edit ]

Malaysia is home to a uniquely Malay style of martial arts known as silat . Silat tournaments are held between different schools in the country, and the Southeast Asian Games is the premier international tournament in silat, with competitors from the neighbouring countries as well. There is also an equally traditional stylised dance version of silat called silat gayung , which is quite worth seeing if you have the chance.

In addition, there are also many kung fu masters among the ethnic Chinese community, and Malaysia is consistently one of the top performers in international wushu competitions.

Music [ edit ]

Malaysia is home to a uniquely Malay form of singing called dikir barat . Dikir barat is typically sung by a choir, though there may also be solo parts, and is also either sung a capella , or accompanied only by percussion instruments. Dikir barat competitions are fairly popular among the Malay community, and are frequently broadcast on Malaysian national television.

Buy [ edit ]

Money [ edit ].

The Malaysian currency is the Malaysian ringgit , abbreviated as RM (ISO code: MYR ). It is divided into 100 sen (cents). The ringgit used to be referred to as the dollar and you may see the '$' symbol on older notes. Coins in Malaysia are issued in denominations of RM0.05 (silver), RM0.10 (silver), RM0.20 (silver or gold), and RM0.50 (silver or gold). Banknotes in Malaysia are issued in denominations of RM1 (blue), RM5 (green), RM10 (red), RM20 (orange), RM50 (green/blue) and RM100 (purple). 5 sen coins are mainly given as change in large establishments or supermarkets whereas peddlers and street vendors might be reluctant to accept them. The Singapore and Brunei dollars are also known as ringgit in Malay, so when near border areas you might want to check to be sure which currency they are quoting the price in.

Foreign currencies are not generally accepted, although you might get away with exchanging some US dollars or euros even in more remote areas, but do expect a lot of stares and some persuasion. The major exception is Singapore dollars, which are accepted by KTMB and toll roads, but at a highly unfavorable 1:1 exchange rate (an anomaly dating back to when the ringgit was interchangeable with the Singapore dollar, prior to the 1970s).

Currency exchange counters can easily found in major shopping areas and have a better exchange rate than in banks and airports. Be sure to say the amount you wish to exchange and ask for the 'best quote' as rates displayed on the board are often negotiable, especially for larger amounts. Large foreign banknotes, such as €500, are almost impossible to change for a good rate in some areas, especially in Sabah or Sarawak, where the banks offer a much lower rate comparing to the one you'd get if changing a banknote of smaller amount. Some money exchangers in Kota Kinabalu or Kuching even may refuse your business if you have large foreign banknotes, so the best option is to bring smaller notes unless you are willing to shop around.

Banking [ edit ]

ATMs are widely available in cities, but do stock up on cash if heading out into the smaller islands or the jungle. Credit cards can be used in most shops, restaurants and hotels, although skimming can be a problem in dodgier outlets. For credit card usage, make sure your credit/debit card is chip based as most merchants no longer accept magnetic strips based cards.

Banks in Malaysia do handle international transactions. These ranges from a nominal fee if you are an account holder to a slightly more expensive amount if you are only walking in to use a certain service. International bank HSBC has a presence in Malaysia, with the latter having branches throughout the country. Local banking giants are Maybank, RHB, Hong Leong Bank, Public Bank & CIMB Bank, & they are a very good alternative to the earlier mentioned banks, especially in terms of pricing, local knowledge & presence as well as international services available e.g. money transfers. For any enquiries and transactions, get a number, sit down and wait for your turn to be served. (There is no need to queue while you wait in air-conditioned comfort!)

Banks are open Monday-Friday from 09:30-16:00 and selected banks are open Saturday 09:30–11:30 except on the first and third Saturdays of each month. In the states of Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu, they are open Sunday to Thursday 09:30–16:00.

Due to fraud risk, many Malaysian ATMs do not allow you to withdraw using foreign debit cards. If your card is rejected, try another ATM. If you call your bank or credit company, they are often not aware of what happened because the transaction is declined by the Malaysia bank. Make sure to bring cash or other forms of money in case your debit card is rejected.

Costs [ edit ]

Most Western visitors will find Malaysia quite cheap, although it is noticeably more expensive than neighbouring Indonesia. You can live in hostel dorms and feast on hawker food for less than RM50 per day, but you'll wish to double this for comfort, particularly if travelling in more expensive East Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur is also generally more expensive than the rest of the country. At the other end of the spectrum, luxury hotels and air fares are also quite affordable, with even the fanciest 5-star hotels costing less than RM400/night.

Tipping [ edit ]

Tipping is not customary in Malaysia. A service charge of 10% is included in total bill in most air conditioned restaurants, but otherwise, you are not expected to pay anything more than what is stated in the bill. Most expensive restaurants, bars and hotels may indicate prices in the form of RM19++ ("plus plus"), meaning that sales tax (6%) and service charge (10%) will be added to the bill. Hotel tax of 5% may also be added to this.

Shopping [ edit ]

Kuala Lumpur is a shopping mecca for clothes, electronics, watches and computer goods, with very competitive prices by any standard. Local Malaysian brands include Royal Selangor, British India and Eilanto. Traditional Malaysian fabrics ( batik ) are a popular souvenir. The cheapest place to easily buy ethnic souvenirs (especially wood-based) is in Kuching , East Malaysia, and the most expensive place is in the major, posh Kuala Lumpur shopping centres.

In general shops are open 10:30–21:30/22:00 in the large cities. They open and close for business earlier in the smaller towns and rural areas. Some shops may also be closed on certain days, such as in Malacca where many shops and restaurants close on Tuesday.

If you buy too much while shopping in Malaysia (which is quite easy to do), surface postage rates are very reasonable. Excess luggage at the airport is still high but not as high as in many other countries. Check first with your airline.

Eat [ edit ]

The crossroads of Malay, Chinese and Indian cuisine , Malaysia is an excellent place to eat ( makan in Malay). Look out for regional specialities and Nyonya (Peranakan) cuisine, the fusion between Malay and Chinese cooking . There is even unique Eurasian cooking to be found in the Portuguese Settlement in Malacca, the heartland of the Portuguese Eurasian community.

Malaysians are very proud of their cooking and most towns or even villages have their own delicious specialities such as Penang char kway teow , Kajang satay, Ipoh bean sprout chicken, Sarawak laksa , Kelantanese nasi dagang and Sabahan hinava . Most eateries rely on word of mouth for advertising and are frequently located in the most inconvenient, out-of-the-way places, so you might want to try asking the locals for their personal recommendations.

If you intend to travel around Malaysia trying out the local food, don't be fooled by the names. Sometimes two entirely different dishes from different parts of the country can be known by the same name. For example, laksa refers to completely different noodle dishes in Penang and Sarawak .

Generally, you can eat pretty much anywhere in Malaysia. Food outlets are comparatively clean – the only thing you should avoid when you frequent the street or hawker stalls is ice for your drinks, since the blocks of ice used there might not be up to your hygienic standards. In actual restaurants this is not a problem. Also you might want to avoid ordering water from hawker stalls or the mamak restaurants as you will usually be served unboiled tap water.

Cheaper places often do not display prices; most will charge tourists honestly, but check prices before ordering to make sure.

Eating habits run the gamut, but most foods are eaten by fork and spoon : push and cut with the fork in the left hand, and eat with the spoon in the right.

As eating is a favourite 'pastime' of Malaysians, the majority are adept at using chopsticks, regardless of background. Noodles and Chinese dishes typically come with these, while Malay and Indian food is traditionally eaten by hand, though a fork and spoon are often used to eat Malay and Indian food in restaurants and can be requested if not provided.

If eating by hand, always use only your right hand to handle the food, as Malays and Indians traditionally use their left hand to handle dirty things. When eating with chopsticks at Chinese restaurants, take note of the usual etiquette and most importantly, do not stick your chopsticks vertically into a bowl of rice. This is reminiscent of incense sticks burning at the temple and has connotations of wishing death on those around you. If eating in a group, serving dishes are always shared, but you'll get your own bowl of rice and soup.

Where to eat [ edit ]

The cheapest places to eat are hawker stalls and coffeeshops , known as kedai kopi in Malay or kopitiam in Hokkien. These shops sell, besides coffee, many other types of food and drinks. Particularly popular and tasty are mamak stalls, run by Indian Muslims and serving up localized Indian fare like roti canai . Most hawker stalls stay open till late and some even operate on shifts so you can find the same stall offering different food at different points throughout the day. You can also do take away from any stall, just ask for bungkus (Malay) or ta pao (Cantonese). A hawker meal will rarely cost you over RM5. Hygiene standards in Malaysia, while not up to that of neighbouring Singapore or Western countries, is still reasonable and much better than say, China or most of the rest of Southeast Asia. Just be observant, and generally speaking, if a stall is patronised by locals, it should be safe to eat there.

One step up on the scale is the kedai makanan or the more Western-style restoran . A type to look out for is the nasi kandar restaurant (also known as nasi campur or nasi padang ), with a vast range of curries and toppings to ladle on top of your rice.

Seafood restaurants ( makanan laut ) are comparatively pricey but still an excellent value by most standards; do check prices before ordering though. Local prawns are gigantic, Chinese-style steamed fish is a treat and crab served with sticky chilli sauce is particularly popular.

Last but not least, some less adventurous options. Food courts in shopping malls are a good way to sample local delicacies in air-conditioned comfort, paying only a small premium over hawker prices. And yes, you can also find McDonald's, KFC, Pizza Hut and the usual suspects plus imitators throughout Malaysia.

Dietary restrictions [ edit ]

Being a Muslim-majority country, finding halal food in Malaysia is easy, but most Chinese stalls and restaurants, as well as those serving some indigenous ethnic groups of East Malaysia such as the Iban and Kadazan, are not halal. Ask if in doubt. Meals at Malay restaurants and Western fast food restaurants like McDonald's, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Pizza Hut are halal. Restaurants at major hotels are not certified 'Halal' as they serve alcohol as well, but with the exception of Chinese restaurants, they generally don't serve pork. Local Muslims will eat at Western, Chinese and Indian eateries if there is a halal sign on the walls. Most of the restaurants tend to display their halal certification or halal sign on their places. Halal certification is awarded and enforced by a government agency, usually JAKIM.

There are no kosher establishments in Malaysia, so Jewish visitors will have to bring their own food with them. Kosher grocery stores and restaurants can be found in neighbouring Singapore , Thailand , the Philippines and Vietnam , so you might want to stop in one of those countries to stock up before entering Malaysia.

Vegetarianism is well-understood by the Chinese and Indian communities (not so by the Muslim Malays and other indigenous minorities) and many restaurants or hawker stalls will be able to come up with something on request (DO state "no meat, no fish, no seafood – ASK for vegetables and/or eggs ONLY"), but don't rely entirely on menu descriptions: innocuous-seeming dishes like "fried vegetables" etc. will often contain pork bits in non-halal Chinese restaurants, shrimp paste ( belacan , commonly used in Malay and spicy Chinese dishes), fish sauce, etc. Indian restaurants usually have very good vegetarian selections – the roti (Indian flat bread – any kind; including roti canai, roti naan, capati, tosai) are good choices, and DO insist on being given dhal (lentil-based curry dip) lest you'll be given a fish curry dip. Purely vegetarian Chinese restaurants (often serving remarkable "mock meat" products made from tofu, gluten etc.) are quite easy to find in big urban areas with a large ethnic Chinese population. Getting vegetarian food in rural areas, especially those near fishing villages or in Muslim/Malay-dominated regions, may be more difficult, but learning some basic Malay vocabulary will go a long way to help you get your message across – see the Malay phrasebook . Upmarket Western restaurants, such as those serving Italian cuisine, will normally have some good vegetarian options.

Veganism is rarely understood in this part of the world and is largely mistaken as a synonym for vegetarianism. The safest bet for a vegan is to patronize a Chinese Buddhist vegetarian restaurant (most Chinese vegetarian restaurants are essentially vegan and operated on Buddhist principles of non-killing and compassion, and thus they abstain from using dairy products, eggs, and the 5 fetid vegetables [onions, garlic, leeks, etc.] discouraged in Mahayana Buddhism). And if you're still feeling uneasy or unsure, do not hesitate to ask.

Drink [ edit ]

Malaysians like both coffee ( kopi ) and tea ( teh ), especially the national drink teh tarik ("pulled tea"), made by the Mamak (Indian Muslim) community, and named after the theatrical 'pulling' motion used to pour it. By default, both will be served hot, sweet and with a dose of condensed milk; request teh o to skip the milk, teh ais for iced milky tea, or teh o ais for iced milkless tea. Drinking with no sugar at all is considered odd, but asking for kurang manis (less sugar) will ease the pain. However, if you really want no sugar at all, you can try asking for "teh kosong."

Malaysia produces its own tea, but little of it is exported except to neighbouring Singapore due to high domestic demand, so be sure to try some locally-grown tea when you are here. BOH, with its plantations in Cameron Highlands , is Malaysia's largest tea brand.

Another peculiar local favourite is the kopi tongkat ali ginseng, a mixture of coffee, a local aphrodisiacal root, and ginseng served with condensed milk that's touted as an alternative to viagra and red bull combined and is usually advertised with a picture of a bed broken in half.

Other popular nonalcoholic options include the chocolate drink Milo and lime juice ( limau ). Freshly made fruit juices are also widely available, as well as a wide range of canned drinks (some familiar, some less so).

There is also a local drink comprised of white soya milk and black grass jelly ( cincau ) called soya cincau . It can be ordered at most hawker centres and local roadside cafes ( kedai kopi/kopitiam ).

Alcohol [ edit ]

Although Malaysia has a Muslim majority, alcohol is available at licensed outlets for non-Muslims. However, some states (notably Kelantan and Terengganu ) ban the sale of alcohol. With the exception of tax-free islands ( Labuan , Langkawi , Tioman ) and duty free shops (for example in Johor Bahru ), prices are comparatively high, with a can of beer costing RM7.50 or more even in supermarkets or 7-Eleven stores. However, in East Malaysia, smuggled liquors are widely available. The legal drinking age in Malaysia is 21.

In East Malaysia, particularly Sarawak , tuak is a common affair for any celebration or festivals such as Gawai Dayak and Christmas Day. Tuak is made from fermented rice which sometimes sugar, honey or other various condiments are added. It is normally served lukewarm without ice. Visitors can choose from 'strong' flavour of tuak (which is normally being fermented for years), or 'mild' flavour (which is sometimes prepared only a week or even a day before). In Sabah , cheap liquors are very widely available at most supermarkets and mini markets in the state. Other alcoholic drinks such as beer and whisky are also widely available. On the other hand, Tuak in Kelantan also can be considered as a liquor since that it contains a trace amount of fermented nipah or sap juice. The alcohol content in Kelantan tuak can easily reach 50% after 3 days from the time it was extracted.

Tapai consists of cassava (less often, rice) that is fermented and eaten as a food (though the liquid in the bottom can also be drunk). As it is commonly eaten during Hari Raya Puasa, the major Muslim holiday celebrating the end of the fasting month of Ramadan, it is interesting that Islamic legal authorities associated with the Islamist opposition Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) have given Muslims a special dispensation from laws against consuming alcohol, in the case of tapai.

Sleep [ edit ]

Malaysia has ample affordable accommodations in all of its cities and towns, with full range from budget until luxury ones. Service charges and taxes are not yet part of the advertised price so be sure to add 16% to the listed price. Hotels and hostels are required to charge a tourism tax on international visitors: RM10 per room per night, which may not be included in the advertised rates.

Budget [ edit ]

Budget hotels and youth hostels are available in most cities and around most tourist destinations. As with most budget accommodations, some are more reliable than others. Be cautious when selecting budget accommodation to avoid places that house illegal vice activities.

Larger cities will have YMCAs that are safe bets. Another noticeable budget hotel chain is Tune Hotels, an affiliate of the budget airline, Air Asia. They are expanding and have hotels at numerous locations throughout the country

Mid-range [ edit ]

Mid-range hotels are readily available just about anywhere. Prices of 3–4 star hotels are upwards from RM100 and are generally reliable in terms of quality.

Splurge [ edit ]

Malaysia is home to some of the most affordable 5-star hotels, service apartments, and resorts in the world. They are found in larger cities like Kuala Lumpur, George Town, Johor Bahru, Kota Kinabalu and Kuching and also in some coastal towns and areas. Also, almost all islands have upscale resorts and spas for the wealthy traveller.

Learn [ edit ]

Malaysia's universities are generally well-regarded and draw exchange students from near and far. Among Malaysia's universities, the undisputed most prestigious one is the University of Malaya (UM), located in Kuala Lumpur. In addition, several foreign universities have established campuses in Malaysia.

Work [ edit ]

Obtaining a working visa takes some effort. The easiest way to work in Malaysia is probably to work for an overseas company and get posted to Malaysia. The Malaysian Immigration Department website has basic advice. In order to obtain a work permit, you need to have an offer from your future employer who will have to do the paperwork for you. It's very expensive and comes with many restrictions if a company wants to hire a foreigner and as such next to impossible. As stated above, a feasible way is to get transferred. Finding a job is otherwise unlikely unless you are married to a local and even then it remains difficult.

Working days in Kelantan , Terengganu , Kedah are from Sunday to Thursday, with Fridays and Saturdays being weekend holidays, similar to most Middle Eastern countries in alignment with Friday prayers of Muslims. The other states observe the normal weekend in the rest of the world. Johor adopts the Friday-Saturday weekend, though businesses may still stick to the normal week cycle to accommodate with Singaporean practices.

Stay safe [ edit ]

Though the crime rate is higher than in neighbouring Singapore, Malaysia is generally a safe country for visitors. Crimes towards tourists are usually restricted to bag-snatching, pickpocketing and petty theft. It is important to keep a close eye on valuable items. Theft is more common in crowded places, such as markets and on public transport. Generally, if you avoid deserted areas, get back to your hotel before midnight and use your common sense, you're unlikely to be assaulted. Homosexuality is a crime and gay bars may be raided by police; gay and lesbian tourists should be self-aware and careful.

Crime [ edit ]

There have been some reports of pickpockets and snatch-and-run thieves in some of the major cities like Kuala Lumpur , Petaling Jaya and Johor Bahru . As a general precaution, never carry your bags on the side facing the road and always walk facing the oncoming traffic. Additionally, walk a few feet deeper away from the roads. Women travellers should take extra precautions at night.

Johor Bahru is known for having a relatively higher crime rate compared to the rest of Malaysia, and armed robberies and snatch thefts could happen at night in run-down areas of the city. Travel documents and valuables are best deposited in a hotel safe.

In Malaysia, some crimes are punished with caning, known locally as whipping. Being convicted of rape, vandalism, illegal entry, bribery, overstaying your visa, and certain other crimes could get you caned. This is no slap on the wrist! Strokes from the thick rattan cane are very painful , will take some time to heal and probably leave you with a permanent scar.

Credit card fraud is a growing problem in this country, especially if you order in an on-line store during your stay. Use credit cards only in reputable shops. If you are not sure about the reputation of a certain shop or service, there are several services available that can help to identify fraud and scams such as Trustedcompany.com [dead link] for any online service they want to use.

Corruption [ edit ]

While not as bad as the likes of Thailand, Vietnam or Indonesia, corruption remains a significant issue in Malaysia. Traffic police have been known to pull over motorists to demand bribes of RM100-200; this tends to happen somewhat more often to those driving Singapore-registered cars (recognisable by the licence plates). Nevertheless, there have been some crackdowns on this, and bribery is punishable by up to 20 years in jail. Anyone who tries to bribe public officials may be arrested on the spot and placed in a lock-up overnight to be charged for the offence in the morning. If this happens on a Friday or on eve of public holidays, you will find yourself spending a few nights in the lock-up as the courts are only open Monday to Friday. Do not let this dissuade you from requesting help — generally Malaysian police are helpful to tourists.

Customs and immigration officers are comparatively cleaner than other Southeast Asian countries, though there have been isolated cases where tourists are demanded bribes from immigration officials, even at major airports and border crossings like Kuala Lumpur International Airport . Do check your passport before driving off when entering by land from the Singapore border though, as immigration officers have been known to "forget" to stamp people in, and you will be subject to fines of several thousand ringgit for illegal entry when you try to leave Malaysia if your passport was not stamped on entry.

The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC, Malay Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia/SPRM ) is responsible for investigating corruption throughout the country. A list of MACC branches can be found here .

Traffic safety [ edit ]

Drunk-driving is a serious offense and breathalyzer tests by the police are common.

When on foot, be careful when crossing the street. Vehicles will often ignore pedestrian (zebra) crossings. However, reports of road bullying during accidents are still common, so if you are involved in an accident be very careful when negotiating or dial 999 for help.

Other [ edit ]

Public demonstrations are uncommon in Malaysia due to police crackdowns. Should one occur it may be dealt with in a heavy-handed manner, so avoid them at all costs .

It is generally not allowed for non-Muslims or non-Sunnis to proselytize. In particular, attempting to persuade Muslims to convert out of their religion is illegal, and if you are caught doing this, you will be expelled from the country or even face criminal responsibilities.

Natural disasters [ edit ]

Peninsular Malaysia is largely free from earthquakes as there are no nearby faultlines, though tremors can occasionally be felt in the upper storeys of tall buildings when a major quake occurs in neighbouring Indonesia. East Malaysia, on the other hand, especially the area around Mount Kinabalu, does experience occasional earthquakes (such as the fatal one occurring in 2015). Typhoons are also exceedingly rare, though one hit the southern part of Johor in 2001. However, the Nov-Jan monsoon season often results in flooding due to torrential rains, and landslides are known to occur, most notably on the East Coast. Tsunamis are a rare occurrence, though Penang and a few islands on the north of the West Coast were hit by the infamous tsunami in 2004.

Stay healthy [ edit ]

Tap water is drinkable straight off the tap, as it is treated, but even locals boil or filter it first just to be on the safe side. When travelling it is best to stick to bottled water, which is very inexpensive.

Ice in drinks might be made from tap water but nowadays, most restaurants and even roadside stalls use the cylindrical variety with a hollow tube down the middle that are mass-produced at ice factories and are safer to consume.

Heat exhaustion is rare, but do consume lots of fluids, use a hat and sunscreen and shower often!

Peninsular Malaysia is largely malaria -free, but there is a significant risk in Borneo especially in inland and rural areas. Dengue fever occurs throughout Malaysia in both urban and rural areas, and can be avoided only by preventing mosquito bites. The mosquito that transmits dengue feeds throughout the daytime, and is most active at dawn and dusk. If you experience a sudden fever with aches and lethargy, seek medical attention immediately. Aspirin and ibuprofen should not be used until dengue fever has been ruled out. Mosquito repellents ( ubat nyamuk ) are widely available. Be careful with mosquito coils, which can easily start fires: set them on a plate or other non-flammable surface and extinguish them before going to sleep.

Haze from burning vegetation in neighbouring Indonesia may come and go without warning from the months of May to August so travellers with respiratory ailments should come prepared.

Most public washrooms charge a small fee (generally between RM0.20-RM2.00, usually depending on the standard of the facilities), so keep some loose change to hand. If the condition of the sitting toilets is questionable, use the squatting toilets instead - both are usually available, and some believe that the latter are more hygienic and (if you can get used to them) are just as easy to use as sitting toilets.

Healthcare [ edit ]

The standard of healthcare in Malaysia is generally high, and Malaysia is rapidly emerging as a popular destination for medical tourism, with treatment costs in general far cheaper than in neighbouring Singapore and Western countries. Almost all Malaysian doctors are able to speak English fluently, while most other medical staff are able to converse in at least basic English.

Malaysia has a public and private health care system. Health services are adequate in large cities, with English-speaking doctors. Some staff have been trained abroad. In the private sector in particular, the medical staff is often made up of well-trained professionals. Outside urban areas, access to health services and the quality of care vary. Government healthcare facilities are cheap but good, though they tend to be understaffed and consequently, waiting times are long. Due to the shorter waiting times and sometimes hotel-like levels of comfort, most expatriates and visitors prefer to seek out private medical care.

Dental services are readily available and prices are often lower than in western countries. However, root canal treatment is considerably more expensive than in western countries, as it is only performed by dental surgeons and not by ordinary dentists.

Mental health services are available at least in the capital. In the rest of the country, they may not be available very much.

Pharmacies can be found in larger shopping centres and painkillers are available in almost every shop. Prescription medicines may not be available from pharmacies at any time, but only when a pharmacist is present. He or she may be there for part of the day, usually on weekdays. When visiting a doctor, medicines are often available directly from the doctor's surgery or from the hospital pharmacy.

When travelling to Malaysia, you should take out comprehensive travel insurance. Doctors and hospitals usually require payment in advance, especially for foreigners. Credit cards are accepted almost everywhere. Keep all receipts and certificates you receive. You can apply for reimbursement afterwards from your insurance company.

Services in the private sector are more expensive than in the public sector. You should check the details on the spot. Be vigilant when using private medical services. Doctors may prescribe expensive treatments, tests and medicines that are unnecessary. This is especially true for tourists. Malaysia's largest private healthcare groups are Parkway Pantai , which operates the well-known Gleaneagles and Pantai hospital chains, and KPJ Healthcare . Private medical costs can be high and having travel insurance is a very good idea.

Public hospitals and most private hospitals offer 24-hour on-call medical services. In some Malaysian tourist resorts, you can ask for a doctor at the hotel reception. Pressure chamber treatment is available in Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Kuantan, Lumut, Ipoh, Sabah and Labuan.

There is limited availability of rental equipment at hospitals. In most cases, assistive devices have to be purchased.

Respect [ edit ]

It is advisable to dress respectfully, particularly in rural areas (wearing trousers or a long skirt, not shorts and covering your shoulders is recommended but not essential). In more cosmopolitan cities such as Kuala Lumpur, George Town, Malacca and Ipoh, as well as East Malaysian states (Sabah and Sarawak) attitudes are more liberal. Women are not legally required to wear the hijab, known locally as the tudung , except when entering mosques, where it is required for both Muslims and non-Muslims.

As in many countries, it is best not to criticise the government or the Malaysian royal families as a visitor. You may hear Malaysians criticise their own government, but you do not need to take sides; just listen and feel free to talk about your feelings about your own government. The bumiputera policy (laws granting ethnic Malays special rights not granted to the other races) is a very polarising and sensitive issue, and best avoided as a conversation topic.

When entering a home or a place of worship, always take off your shoes (this is often required at hostels too). Also, never eat with your left hand or give a gift with your left hand, and never point with your forefinger (you may use a closed fist with the thumb instead). Do not point with your feet or touch a person's head either.

Swastikas are commonly seen in Hindu and Buddhist temples, and are regarded as a religious symbol by these communities. They emphatically do not represent Nazism or anti-Semitism.

As a predominantly Muslim country, Malaysia tends to be conservative about sexuality. Public showing of affection in the more diverse, larger cities is tolerated but might invite unnecessary attention from the public. In more rural areas and in very conservative states like Kelantan and Terengganu on the East Coast of the Peninsula it is frowned upon and is best avoided. Don't kiss your partner in public ; you'll embarrass yourself and inflame local sensibilities.

Big cities like Kuala Lumpur have a fairly active gay scene and gay bashing is rarely heard of. However, same-sex relationships are a taboo subject and "Carnal intercourse against the order of nature" is punished by up to 20 years jail and whipping (men only) under colonial era laws not usually enforced against consenting adult heterosexuals. Different states may also impose consecutive sharia law punishments of up to 3 years and six lashes against Muslims of all genders.

Cope [ edit ]

Electricity [ edit ].

Malaysian sockets are designed for the 3-pin rectangular-pronged British plug. Electricity is delivered at 240 V, 50 Hz.

Newspapers [ edit ]

Malaysia's main Malay newspapers are Berita Harian and Utusan Malaysia . There are also numerous Chinese newspapers, the most popular ones being the China Press (中國報), Nanyang Siang Pau (南洋商報) and Sin Chew Daily (星洲日報), as well as several Tamil newspapers.

Malaysia's English-language paper of record is the New Straits Times , a splinter from the Singaporean Straits Times, which is available at most hotels and newsstands. The Star and Free Malaysia Today , an English-Malay bilingual online newspaper, are also available.

Connect [ edit ]

Internet [ edit ].

Connecting to the internet in Malaysia is easily accessible in most cities and towns. It was one of the first countries in the world to offer 4G connectivity. Broadband Internet is available in most hotels, internet cafes, and some restaurants. Wi-Fi is usually available in hot spots in almost all restaurants and fast-food outlets and shopping malls. Prepaid internet cards are also available to access wireless broadband, in some cafes.

Customers usually pay RM1-5 per hour for internet services in cybercafes (depending on which city you're in). Internet connections offered in restaurants and cafes are usually free, and more and more food outlets are offering this. These include all Starbucks and Coffeebean, some McDonald's and Subway, and an increasing number of smaller places.

SIM cards [ edit ]

There are a lot of providers, which usually offer good coverage. The easiest SIM to get is U-mobile, from 10 RM (Feb 2024), with ok-ish coverage and a package of "unlimited" internet for 35 RM/month (Feb 2024). SIMs are available in every 7-11 and in some other places. If you travel to Singapore or other neighboring countries, you can buy a 14-day "unlimited" package for 35 RM (Feb 2024), which works in all of them including Malaysia. Other providers have better coverage but don't offer worthwhile roaming options.

Telephone numbers [ edit ]

The country code for Malaysia is +60.

To call a Malaysian number from abroad

• from Singapore , dial 02, the code with the "0", and then the phone number (02 03 123 45467).

To domestically call a Malaysian number,

• from a mobile phone or a landline phone outside the local area , dial the area or mobile operator code, including the leading "0", followed by the phone number (03 123 4567),
• from within the local area just dial the phone number without any code; from mobile phones , you can always include the area or operator code, although it is unnecessary between phones with the same operator (where you are is immaterial with mobile phones).

To call a foreign number not in Singapore from Malaysia, use the international dialling prefix 00 (on mobile phones: "+"). For Singapore, instead use the pseudo area code 02 and leave out the international prefix and country code.

On the Maxis network, take advantage of 50% IDD rates on international calls via IDD132. This doesn't require any registration: just dial "132" prior to the "00" (don't use "+").

Malaysia also has four mobile telephone service providers, Maxis , DiGi , Celcom , and U Mobile which utilise codes 012 , 013 , 014 , 016 , 017 , 018 , 019 , used like area codes. Network connection in Malaysia is excellent. Mobile number portability has been implemented, meaning a code like 012 that traditionally belonged to Maxis, can now be a DiGi subscriber. Mobile networks utilize the GSM 900 and 1800 systems. 3G (WCDMA), EDGE and HSPDA networks are available in larger towns. International roaming onto these networks is possible if your operator allows it. Prepaid SIM cards for sale at airports are pretty affordable; a one-week SIM card with a good amount of data might cost about RM20-30 (2019). See also SIM cards above.

Malaysian landline telephone numbers have either seven or eight digits. The country is divided into areas which have been assigned two- or three-digit area codes, which have to be dialled when calling from outside the area (or from a mobile phone). The area codes are:

• 03 — Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, Selangor (all are Klang Valley), Pahang (Genting Highlands only)
• 04 — Kedah, Penang, Perlis
• 05 — Perak, Pahang (Cameron Highlands only)
• 06 — Malacca, Johor (Muar district only), Negeri Sembilan
• 07 — Johor (all districts except for Muar)
• 082 — Sarawak (Kuching and Samarahan districts)
• 083 — Sarawak (Sri Aman and Betong districts)
• 084 — Sarawak (Sarikei, Sibu and west Kapit districts)
• 085 — Sarawak (Miri and Limbang districts)
• 086 — Sarawak (Bintulu districts and Belaga)
• 087 — Sabah (Interior Division), Labuan
• 088 — Sabah (West Coast and Kudat Division)
• 089 — Sabah (Sandakan and Tawau Division)
• 09 — Kelantan, Pahang (all districts except Genting Highlands), Terengganu

Postal services [ edit ]

Postage stamps for postcards internationally is just 0,9 RM (as of February 2024)

Many international courier services, such as Fedex, DHL and UPS, are available in towns and cities, but the main postal service provider is Pos Malaysia which reliably provides postal services to most countries in the world.

Postage rates in Malaysia are cheap. Much cheaper than Thailand, Singapore or Vietnam, and surface post is available as well. The mail is reliable and trustworthy. When posting a parcel, do not seal the box. This is to allow for inspection in case illegal items are posted this way (ask for help at the post office if needed).

A local alternative to the international courier companies mentioned above is the Pos Laju, which provides just as reliable a service at a fraction of the cost!

Non-urgent letters and postcards can be dropped in postboxes inside post offices or red postboxes found outside post offices and along main roads. If there are two slots in a postbox use the one that says "lain lain" for international post.

Post offices are open M–Sa 08:00–17:00 except public holidays, although a few in Klang Valley stay open until 22:00. In the states of Kedah, Kelantan, Johor and Terengganu they are closed on Fridays and public holidays.

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Malaysia Travel Guide

A melting pot of faiths, landscapes, and flavors, Malaysia combines skyscrapers with desert-island beaches and fresh highlands.

Best time to visit Malaysia

Best places to visit in malaysia, 9 best things to do in langkawi (3-day travel guide), 11 best things to do in penang, malaysia (georgetown), best things to do in cameron highlands, malaysia, 8 things to do in melaka, malaysia (2-day travel guide), map of malaysia, weather in malaysia.

Malaysia has tropical weather for most of the year, meaning high humidity. Although it has a monsoon season, this takes place in different areas at different times, so there’s always a dry time to visit. The southwest monsoon season is May-September and the Northeast November-March.

Destinations in Malaysia

15 things to do in kuala lumpur (3-day guide), 9 best things to do in ipoh, malaysia, colorful cities, how to rent a car in malaysia, best travel insurances.

• Find Hotels via Booking.com
• Find Hostels via Hostelworld
• Find a Rental Car via Sunny Cars
• Find Flights to Malaysia via Skyscanner
• Get a Travel Insurance via Heymondo
• Book Tours & Attractions via GetYourGuide
• Book a Bus/Train/Transfer via 12Go
• Get a Visa via iVisa
• How to pack light for your trip
• How to plan your trip our tips

Why is Malaysia worth visiting?

The new and the old exist side by side in diverse Malaysia! Witness cutting-edge designs intertwined amongst heritage buildings and UNESCO-protected sites, with a sprinkling of street art and plenty of beautiful beaches and islands in between.

Is Malaysia cheap to visit?

Malaysia is an affordable place to travel in Asia, with beautiful hotels costing around $30-80 per night. It’s also home to fantastic street food and local eateries, where you can pick up a delicious meal for anywhere between $2-5. Bargain!

Can I drink tap water in Malaysia?

Although drinking tap water in the major cities is considered safe, it is not recommended for more remote destinations in Malaysia. While traveling in rural areas, choose an eco-friendly, reusable water bottle with an in-built filter system or refill at hotels and restaurants with treated water.

Do I need a visa for traveling in Malaysia?

Great news! Most tourists can enjoy a Malaysia adventure visa-free for up to 90 days. However, we recommend checking your country’s entry requirements well in advance, as some places are subject to stricter visa rules.

What language do they speak in Malaysia?

Malaysia is a melting pot of different cultures, meaning numerous languages are spoken, such as Chinese and Tamil. However, the primary language is Malay, also known as Bahasa Malaysia; it’s worth learning a few phrases to connect with locals as you travel. Don’t worry too much, though, as English is spoken widely in urban areas.

Do I need travel insurance for Malaysia?

Travel insurance is your safety net for your adventures in Malaysia, protecting you against unexpected events, whether that’s a flight cancellation, lost luggage, or medical care. Hike up the mountain peak, go open-water diving, or sail the high seas worry-free!

Is Malaysia safe?

Malaysia is generally a safe country to travel to, although some petty crime occurs, especially in bigger cities. Consider leaving valuables at home, keep your belongings close, and watch out for scams and distraction techniques. Keep up to date with travel advisories, particularly for the regions bordering Thailand which see ongoing violence.

What power plug type does Malaysia have?

Malaysia uses type G (the same as in the UK), a three-rectangular-pronged electrical plug. The general voltage is 230V, so consider bringing an adaptor if you use a different plug type or voltage.

Why do people love Malaysia?

Malaysia is loved by travelers for its cultural diversity, which creates a unique blend of influences seen in its varied cuisine, architecture, and landscapes. It’s an unforgettable vacation experience, stargazing on paradise islands in one moment and savoring cocktails from the iconic Petronas Towers in the next.

Traveling in Malaysia

A vacation in Malaysia is unforgettable; the country is home to incredible nature that survives even in urban areas. As such, travelers can be shopping at a bustling street market or sipping a drink at the top of a skyscraper and never be far from luscious jungles, forests, or tea plantations that are bursting with wildlife. 

How to Plan Your Trip to Malaysia

Follow our Malaysia travel guides to plan a perfect trip with a mix of all the cultural and regional highlights. Malaysia is an excellent destination for backpacking because of its lively cities and buzzing backpacker hostels. However, it’s also perfect for luxury vacations, particularly on islands like Langkawi , which often welcome honeymooners. Discover all the best places in Malaysia by following our complete 2-week Malaysia itinerary . 

Best Time to Visit Malaysia

Need to choose the best time for your Malaysia holiday ? Find out about the climate in Malaysia with this seasonal information.

Hot Season (April-August): These hot and humid months in Malaysia can be a great time to visit the beaches and islands, especially on the east and south coast, for example, in places like Perhentian and Malacca . However, be aware that temperatures rise to over 30 °C during this time, so it’s not ideal for city sightseeing. Additionally, weather conditions may be hazy and air quality low because of forest fires from other neighboring countries.

Tip: The driest conditions are on the west coast from June to August.

Wet Season (March-November) : Malaysia might see heavy rainfall and humidity during this time, but this is what makes the jungles so lush and green. Because of that, it’s the perfect season for trekking when waterfalls are at their most powerful and nature is thriving. Head for the Borneo Rainforest or up into the cooler climate of the Cameron Highlands . This is also a good time for backpacking in Malaysia as it’s the low season with fewer crowds and more affordable prices. 

Cool Season (December-February): The cool season is the best time to visit Malaysia, which means it is also the most popular time of year for tourism. Temperatures are a milder 25 – 35 °C, and humidity is lower, making it great for city sightseeing in places like Kuala Lumpur and Penang . It’s also an excellent time for outdoor activities and soaking up the sun on the beaches of islands like Langkawi . Please note that as it’s the highest season, accommodation and tours can be slightly more expensive, so make sure to book well in advance.

Coastlines and Beaches in Malaysia 

Malaysia boasts one of the most stunning coastlines in Asia, home to pristine beaches, with paradise islands lying just off the shore. These are some of the best places to visit in Malaysia and the perfect spot to enjoy white sand, crystal-clear waters, coconuts, and abundant marine life. Whether you want to enjoy the seafood delights of buzzing night markets in Georgetown , spot eagles above the mangroves in Langkawi , or simply relax in a luxurious island resort on the East Coast, there’s a sandy spot for every type of traveler.

Langkawi, in the north of Malaysia, is an archipelago made up of 99 islands, so there’s plenty to choose from! On the main island, find stunning resorts, sweeping bays, and rice paddies, perfect for exploring by motorbike. Although a little more built up than some other parts of the Malaysia coastline, Langkawi still offers perfectly preserved nature; here, you’ll find UNESCO -protected mangroves, which form an essential part of the ecosystem and are teeming with diverse and unusual wildlife. 

For true desert-island life, head to the remote islands off the east coast of Malaysia, such as the Perhentian islands, Tioman, or Redang. In these places, going without wifi and phone signal is normal, allowing travelers to completely switch off on their vacation in Malaysia. Spend your days here swinging in a hammock under palm trees that brush the soft white sand, or make the most of the Caribbean-like waters for diving and snorkeling; the marine life is fantastic!   

Wherever you choose, the endless coastline of Malaysia and the hundreds of islands nearby have proved to be the perfect environment for sea life and coral to flourish. Experience adrenaline adventures, ziplining through the coastal jungles, plunging into waterfall pools, or simply take it easy as you soak up the sun. Malaysia is not to be missed!

Food, Culture, and Religion in Malaysia 

With a long history of colonization and immigration, Malaysia has become a melting pot of different influences; it’s a harmonious place where different religions, cultures, and languages exist side by side, making Malaysia travel a truly fascinating experience. 

Religion: Although with a predominantly Islamic population , Malaysia is home to many religions , including Buddhism, Hinduism, and Christianity. Because of this, travelers will see a diverse range of temples dotted throughout the cities and landscapes, from colorfully decorated Hindu temples to expansive domed mosques. The rich tapestry of religions in one place creates an incredible calendar of festivals from Ramadan to Chinese New Year.

Food: The varying influences in Malaysia have also contributed to delicious cuisine, with plates celebrating all faiths, cultures, and nationalities. Malaysian recipes mix Malay, Chinese, Indian , Thai , and Indonesian influences; some of the most famous dishes are the warm and comforting noodle soup, Laksa, delicious Roti flatbreads, and coconut rice dish, Nasi Lemak. All of these can be found in upscale restaurants, buzzing night markets, or hawker centers, where Malaysian families and friends come together to eat and catch up. Join them and dine on some of the nation’s favorite offerings — one of the best things to do in Malaysia ! 

Tip: Make sure to try the somewhat strange dessert named Cendol, made from coconut milk, green jelly worms made from rice flour, and palm sugar, and often accompanied with a serving of red azuki beans. 

Culture: The culture in Malaysia is one of a kind, with so many languages, faiths, and nationalities living together in the same area. This creates a warm, hospitable nation where it isn’t strange to see a group of friends speaking various languages, whether it’s English, Chinese, or Tamil. With all this diversity, customs and traditions are respected and embraced by all, with festivals like Eid, Diwali, and Chinese New Year a vital part of the annual events calendar. It’s also a great place to witness traditional dance and theatre, like shadow puppetry, where silhouettes cut from leather are projected onto a screen to act out a performance (believed to be of Thai or Javanese influence). 

The intertwining of religion , culture , and gastronomical delights creates an enchanting atmosphere that’s hard to beat, making traveling in Malaysia a one-of-a-kind experience!

Why You Should Travel to Malaysia

It’s not often that a country offers such an incredible kaleidoscope of cultural and natural activities, creating exciting contrasts in everything from the landscapes to the architecture and food. With so much to explore (each region is fantastic in its own right), there’s always more to see on another vacation in Malaysia !

From the luscious rainforests of Borneo, teeming with wildlife — and home to the endangered orangutan — to tiny paradise islands off the east coast, there’s a remote and wild landscape for both adventurers and relaxed beach bums. For the city slickers, there are exciting metropolis’ dotted in between, such as Kuala Lumpur with the iconic Petronas Towers and Malacca with its Dutch , British, and Portuguese colonial architecture –  some of the best places to visit in Malaysia . This diversity is infectious, seen in places like the Cameron Highlands , where rolling tea plantations form the backdrop to old-fashioned English tea rooms and Victorian-style lodges. 

From mossy forest trails and wildlife spotting among the rainforest canopy to stargazing on uninhabited islands and cocktail tasting on skyscraper terraces, this infectious nation offers everything and more on your Malaysia holiday .

Safety and Travel Advice in Malaysia

Although Malaysia is generally very safe, travelers should take the necessary precautions to enjoy a safe trip. The following information helps visitors get the most out of their journey. 

Natural Disasters: Because of the heavy rains in the monsoon seasons throughout Malaysia, the country can be prone to natural disasters like flooding and landslides. Stay informed by registering with your embassy to receive emergency updates on your trip, and be particularly careful in low-lying, flatter areas where flooding can happen unexpectedly.

Crime and safety in Malaysia: While Malaysia is a safe place to travel, petty theft like pickpocketing can happen. Exercise caution by keeping valuables secure and leaving any important belongings at home. Like any destination, we recommend avoiding isolated areas at night, sticking to well-lit spots with more people, and being extra vigilant in crowded places and when withdrawing cash at ATMs. 

Learn more about travel safety

Traffic in Malaysia: While the infrastructure in Malaysia is very good, the roads can be chaotic and are often congested, especially in the cities and outer ring roads. Drivers can be erratic, and traffic rules are loosely followed, so remain cautious. For example, always wear a seatbelt (or a helmet for scooters), and don’t drive over the speed limit. During the rainy season, be aware of road conditions, as the tarmac can be slippery.

Cultural Sensitivity: Malaysia has an incredibly diverse range of faiths, and everyone lives harmoniously and respectfully. Adhere to their customs and traditions by covering up when visiting places of worship, removing shoes before entering, and asking permission to take photos of local people. Please note that public displays of affection are more frowned upon than in some other Asian destinations. 

Drugs and Drinking: Malaysia has very strict drug laws, which can see you imprisoned for small amounts of substance. Severe drug offenses can even lead to the death penalty. Always consume alcohol responsibly and look out for your travel buddies on nights out.

Travel Insurance: One of the most important things you need to do before your Malaysia holiday is purchase travel insurance. This gives you assurance for unexpected accidents – for example, an injury, canceled flight, or lost baggage. Check out these best travel insurances .

Are There Many Languages In Malaysia?

When you visit, you realize while there appear to be many languages in Malaysia, surprisingly, you can understand a word or two.

With the various languages from diverse cultures and populations, Malaysians have developed an unofficial language known as ‘Manglish.’

The unique blend is a single sentence containing the top languages spoken in Malaysia – English, Malay, Chinese, and Tamil.

Now you know why it sounds familiar but incomprehensible, especially when Malaysians say they speak English!

A visitor to Malaysia often needs clarification, but some of the most popular slang words to kickstart your journey can be amusing!

What races are there in Malaysia?

The population comprises numerous diverse ethnic groups, each with a distinct culture and heritage.

These groups include the Malays, Orang Asli (the country’s indigenous people), Malaysian Chinese (mostly Han Chinese), and Malaysian Indians (primarily Tamils).

How many languages are in Malaysia?

A total of 137 living languages, with 41 of them found in Peninsular Malaysia.

The Malaysian government provides schooling at the primary level in each of the three major languages, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil.

To get by the easiest to learn and the essential language in Malaysia is Malay.

Malay, officially called Bahasa Malaysia, is the National Language of Malaysia.

As the country’s national language, Malay is spoken widely by 80 percent of its people, particularly in rural areas.

Can I learn to speak Malay?

Malay is considered one of the easiest Asian languages to learn as it has no conjugations, plurals, gender, and, best of all – no verb tenses!

Modern Malay alphabet uses the Latin alphabet, so it is easy for you to read it too.

If you speak Mandarin, you will notice that Mandarin is similar to Malay in terms of pronunciation and sentence structure.

Most people say Malay is more effortless than English, which means Mandarin is easier to learn than English.

Do all Malaysians speak Chinese?

Chinese Malaysians speak Mandarin and various Chinese language varieties, including dialects like Hokkien, Hakka, Cantonese, Teochew, and more.

Malaysians speak various Chinese language varieties, including both Mandarin and dialects.

Hokkien is the largest Chinese subgroup in Malaysia.

When the Zhangzhou Hokkiens first landed in Malaya, they settled northern regions of the peninsula, notably Penang, Kedah, Kelantan, and Terengganu.

Hokkiens from Quanzhou, on the other hand, made their homes in major towns in Sarawak and the southern states of Melaka and Johor.

Most of the Chinese population in the nation’s capital Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, and some parts of East Malaysia, speak Cantonese.

The fluency of one’s Cantonese varies across Malaysia.

It is simple for a Malaysian Chinese to pick up if you are not local, as the bulk of Cantonese speakers are from Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh, and the Hokkien speakers are from the northern and southern states.

Do other Malaysian races speak Chinese?

Malaysians are highly adaptable and can quickly learn the local language of their community.

Non-Chinese Malaysians fluent in Mandarin, Hokkien, or Cantonese can be found in metropolitan areas.

They can communicate fluently if a Malay or Tamil pon lives close by in a Hokkien and Cantonese community.

The same holds for Chinese residents of Malay or Tamil neighborhoods.

Malaysians speak Manglish, an informal English-based creole heavily influenced by the dominant languages of the country, Malay, Chinese languages, and Tamil.

Do Malaysians speak English well?

Most Malaysians can speak English because it is taught in schools.

However, some are more proficient than others.

Due to their upbringing speaking English at home, a tiny percentage of Malaysians of diverse races claim English to be their first language.

What’s the proper greeting in Malaysia?

“Salaam” is the standard spoken salutation in Malay.

To show respect, elders may be called “pakcik” (uncle) or “makcik” (aunty).

People younger than you may also refer to you in this manner.

A handshake is the standard greeting for people of all nationalities.

The traditional Malay greeting or salam resembles a handshake with both hands outstretched and without a grasp.

The man offers both hands, lightly touches his friend’s hands, then brings his hands back to his chest to mean, “I greet you from my heart.”

The visitor should reciprocate the salam.

Only offer your hand for a formal handshake after your counterpart has done so.

Place Hands On Chest (Salam Malaysia)

Affectionately known as Salam Malaysia, this is a more formal salutation for Malaysians who work in the public sector.

As an alternative to shaking hands, you can use this technique, which has even been approved by the Ministry of Health, in which you lay your right hand on the left side of the chest and then salute or say hello.

Tips for preventing #COVIDー19 . Place right hand on your left chest followed by salam or greeting as an alternative to shaking hands and touching. This also symbolises MOH's work culture, WE ARE READY TO SERVE. pic.twitter.com/1t08twKgFn — KKMalaysia🇲🇾🩺❤️ (@KKMPutrajaya) March 10, 2020

Tips for preventing #COVID-19.

Place your right hand on your left chest, followed by salam or greeting as an alternative to shaking hands and touching.

This also symbolizes MOH’s work culture; WE ARE READY TO SERVE.

Why does the accent of Malaysians sound British?

Malaysian English is predominantly descended from British English, mainly due to Britain’s colonization of the nation in the 18th century.

What accent do Malaysians use?

Since Malaysia has a multiethnic population, many different versions of English are known as Malaysian English (MalE).

Malaysians frequently speak with a unique regional Malay, Chinese, or Indian English accent.

When traveling to Malaysia, can we get by with only English?

If you’re wondering if English is spoken in Malaysia, it is possible to get by in Malaysia with just English.

However, your options for experiences may be limited to metropolitan areas.

If you venture into rural areas or villages, you may need help to converse with the community.

Why do Malaysians say LAH all the time?

This short three-letter phrase can express acceptance, rejection, frustration, or exclamation, depending on the situation.

For instance, saying, “No LAH, I told you I didn’t do that,” connotes annoyance but saying “Okay LAH” quickly affirms something.

If you’re wondering why Singaporean sometimes sounds like Malaysians?

Estimates of the population range from 700,000 to 1,000,000, including both descendants of early Malaysian immigrants and more recent Malaysian immigrants who choose to work there.

What’s it like for an expatriate to live in Malaysia?

The biggest draws for expatriates migrating to Malaysia are the affordable cost of living and the luxurious lifestyle.

Pro Tips Speak like a local In Malaysia.

Malaysia’s distinctive vernacular and combination of English, Malay, Chinese, and Tamil have created a creole language known as “Manglish.

Upon arrival, many visitors to Malaysia are perplexed at hearing this form of English.

Here are a few of the most common slang terms to help you get started using this inventive and entertaining language.

You can’t go wrong when you add the notorious and iconic Malaysian slang term “LAH” at the end of almost any phrase.

The term has no actual meaning by itself.

Malaysians use it to flavor our phrases and draw attention to our point.

You sound friendlier and more convincing as a result.

If you use it properly, you’ll immediately sound like a Malaysian.

Examples: “Okay, LAH.” / “No LAH.” I’m so hungry, LAH.

Jom (Malay) means ‘let’s’ or ‘let’s go’ and is shared amongst all races and used mainly as an invitation.

Examples: “Hungry? Jom Makan!” English: Are you hungry? Join me for supper!

Derived from Cantonese, “Yum Cha” literal translation is ‘drink tea.’ To Malaysians, ‘yum cha’ is our way of saying “to hang out.” Examples: “Want to go yum cha?” / “How about we catch up over a yum cha session?”

Malaysia has a ‘boss culture.’

The phrase is frequently used at a Mamak restaurant where patrons and waiters call each other ‘boss.’

Examples: “Boss! Tarik Satu tea!” Okay, boss!

5. Ang Moh / Guai Lou / Mat Salleh

All of which are used to describe Caucasian people.

Chinese use ‘Ang Moh’ (Hokkien) and ‘Guai Lou’ (Cantonese), whereas the Malays and Indians choose “Mat Salleh.”

Examples: Look! That Ang Moh’ is eating with his hands like an authentic Malaysian! Or ‘Wei that Mat Salleh handsome LAH!’

6. Walao / Walao-eh

A colloquial word used to describe astonishment or surprise or used to express your irritation with something or someone.

‘OMG’ is the closest English equivalent.

Walao-eh can signify many things depending on how it is pronounced and doesn’t always need to be part of a complete statement.

Examples:  “Walao! There’s a buy-one-FREE one at KFC!” / “Walao-eh, why are they so stupid?”

7. Tapao / Bungkus

When you order in an eatery, they ask if you want to eat or ‘tapao’ (Cantonese) or ‘bungkus’ (Malay).

Both words are understood and may be used everywhere in Malaysia.

You can walk into an Indian restaurant and ask the waiter to ‘tapao’ your food.

Examples: “Boss, tapao nasi lemak satu!”

8. Aunty / Uncle

Asians revere their elders strongly, regardless of their relationship with us.

Like everyone is ‘Boss,’ any elder is ‘aunty’ or ‘uncle.’

Regardless of whether they are family, friends, or even hawkers.

Examples: “Oh hi, aunty, long time no see, how is uncle?”

Take note of the quirky languages in Malaysia and memorize a few slang words.

Relax; you’ll fit in like a local LAH when you’re here next.

Malaysians can speak many languages in Malaysia because they’re a multicultural and multi-religious society with a high level of tolerance and acceptance.

If you want to visit SEA, consider visiting Malaysia, where you can learn to speak other languages with new friends of different ethnicities and faiths.

Source:  Languages of Malaysia

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• Southeast Asian destinations take top ranks in Mastercard-CrescentRating Global Muslim Travel Index 2024

Southeast Asia has once again emerged as the world’s leading Muslim tourist destination in the latest edition of the Mastercard-CrescentRating Global Muslim Travel Index (GMTI), with Indonesia and Malaysia tied for the top spot among 145 destinations in the 2024 study. Meanwhile, Singapore has consistently led among Non-Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC 1 ) destinations for the ninth consecutive year, underscoring its unwavering dedication to cater to Muslim travelers by widespread availability of Halal food, prayer facilities, suitable airport amenities, and Muslim-friendly accommodation.

According to the report, the Muslim travel market is set for a significant uptick this year, with global international arrivals potentially reaching up to 168 million, exceeding pre-pandemic levels by as much as 5 percent. This growth in volume highlights the rising prominence of the segment, driven by demographic and economic expansion, cultural and Halal tourism development, and technological advancements that enable more personalized travel experiences for Muslim travelers, such as apps that locate Halal food outlets, Qibla directions, and prayer timings. The impact of artificial intelligence is also helping further customize travel experiences to simplify travel logistics while adhering to faith traditions.

Retaining their joint top position as the leading OIC 2 destinations for Muslim travelers for the 2 nd consecutive year, Indonesia and Malaysia also scored favorably on ease of entry and quality of tourism infrastructure for both Muslim and non-Muslim travelers.

Thailand maintained its position in the top five non-OIC destinations, owing to efforts towards promoting Halal tourism like increasing Halal food availability, integration of Muslim-friendly amenities at tourist spots, and enhanced accommodation and dining options for Muslim travelers.

Meanwhile, the Philippines recorded an increase in its score on communications compared to 2023. Among non-OIC destinations, the Philippines has steadily increased its appeal to Muslim tourists by strategically developing their Halal Tourism portfolio, enhancing halal accreditation of hotels and restaurants, and conducting Halal awareness orientations. This effort builds on their achievement of winning the Emerging Muslim-friendly Destination of the Year award in last year’s Halal in Travel Global Summit, based on GMTI 2023 results.

GMTI, now in its ninth year, analyzes data across 145 destinations using the ACES framework, built around metrics on Access, Communication, Environment, and Services. Over time, the criteria have evolved to keep pace with the changing needs of Muslim travelers. This year, new metrics on availability of facilities and services for travelers with disabilities were added to the model.

“It is encouraging to see that the travel sectors in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore not only maintained their rankings in this year's GMTI, but also improved their individual scores. This reflects a broader trend of increased consideration for Muslim travelers, with average scores across the Index rising by 10 percent,” said Fazal Bahardeen, Founder & CEO, CrescentRating. Mr. Bahardeen also added: “It is also positive to see the Philippines continue to improve its score, which demonstrates the unwavering commitment of the Department of Tourism to bolstering Muslim-friendly tourism and advancing the destination's appeal. As Muslim travel continues to gain momentum, the GMTI 2024 report provides invaluable insights for stakeholders across the travel and tourism sector to leverage the growing Muslim travel market.”

Safdar Khan, division president, Southeast Asia, Mastercard, said: “According to the latest report from the Mastercard Economics Institute (MEI) ,  travelers from and to Southeast Asia are becoming increasingly focused on getting the best value from their trips to ensure the most unforgettable experiences, a shift echoed in the rapidly growing global Halal tourism industry. At the same time, technology is helping this demographic to travel in ways that meet their unique needs, from AI-powered hyper-personalized experiences to Mastercard’s own enablement of easy and secure cross-border payments. Together this heralds a new level of convenience for Muslim travelers and unlocks a new era of growth and profitability for travel operators. Mastercard’s long-running collaboration with CrescentRating is both a testament to the strength of the partnership and the ongoing importance of understanding and serving Muslim travelers.”

Download the GMTI 2024 report here: https://www.crescentrating.com/halal-muslim-travel-market-reports.html

1 Non-OIC countries are those that are not members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. These countries may have significant Muslim populations or cater to Muslim travelers but are not officially part of the OIC.

2 The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is an international organization consisting of 57 member states, which are primarily Muslim-majority countries. The OIC aims to safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony.

Media Contacts

About CrescentRating

CrescentRating is the leading authority on Halal travel and tourism. The company uses insights, industry intelligence, lifestyle, behavior and research on the needs of the Muslim traveler to deliver authoritative guidance on all aspects of Halal travel to organizations across the globe. Founded in 2008, CrescentRating services are used by every tier of the tourism industry, from government bodies and tourism agencies to hospitality service providers, to better serve the needs of the Muslim traveler.

CrescentRating’s products and services include rating & accreditation, research & consultancy, training, & certification (CR Academy), industry reports, Halal-In-Travel conferences, HalalChefWorld program, destination marketing and content provisioning. HalalTrip is a sister brand of CrescentRating.

Website: https://www.crescentrating.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cresentrating Twitter: https://twitter.com/crescentrating LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/crescentrating/

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Mastercard is a global technology company in the payments industry. Our mission is to connect and power an inclusive, digital economy that benefits everyone, everywhere by making transactions safe, simple, smart and accessible. Using secure data and networks, partnerships and passion, our innovations and solutions help individuals, financial institutions, governments and businesses realize their greatest potential. With connections across more than 210 countries and territories, we are building a sustainable world that unlocks priceless possibilities for all.

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On the next long weekend break, you may want to visit these tea plantations in Malaysia

Monday, 03 Jun 2024

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Malaysia's tax reforms help stimulate innovation, advanced technologies - bmi, brunei is now among top muslim travel destinations; malaysia and indonesia remain in top spots.

A group trekking at the Bharat tea plantation in Cameron Highlands. — Filepics

Did you know that tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world? It loses only to the “elixir of life” – aka water.

May 21 has been designated by the United Nations (UN) as International Tea Day since 2019. We’re a few days late to the celebration this year, but better late than never, right?

From another perspective, we are a few months early, if we were to go by the “original” tea day date.

Prior to the UN adopting the day, several countries had already started celebrating the steeped beverage 14 years earlier.

On Dec 15, 2005, the inaugural celebration took place in India, one of the world’s largest tea producing countries.

Rather than simply shining the spotlight on tea, however, the group of tea workers who created the day also meant for it to highlight the issues faced by workers in the tea industry, especially the ones toiling away on the plantations and estates.

As such, the UN eventually declared an official International Tea Day, albeit on a different date, with its Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) tasked with leading the annual observance. According to FAO, “the celebration promotes the sustainable production, consumption, and trade of tea”.

As Malaysians, a great way for us to commemorate the day is by supporting our local tea producers. If you can do more than just purchasing tea products and drinking copious amounts of teh tarik, it’s a good idea to visit the plantations as well, because understanding its significance – be it culturally, medically or fiscally – will give you a greater appreciation of your favourite beverage.

Cameron Highlands, Pahang

The cooler climate of Cameron Highlands makes it perfect for growing tea, hence the vast acres of plantations there, run by Malaysia’s two largest tea producers.

Several types of teas are produced at these plantations, including oolong and green teas, but the most produced is none other than black tea. It is the main ingredient of the nation’s beloved teh tarik and “teh o ais” after all.

The main black tea maker, Boh, unsurprisingly owns the largest tea plantation in the country. You can visit the Boh Tea Plantation at Boh Road or the Boh-owned Sungai (alternatively spelled Sungei) Palas Tea Garden in Brinchang. Both are open daily except on Mondays.

If you want to take a peek at how Malaysian teas are made, join the “plantation walk” that’s offered by the second largest tea producer, Bharat Group, which operates its primary estate in Tanah Rata.

Its products, sold under the Cameron Valley Tea brand, are also available at its three tea houses, all open daily. Cameron Valley Tea House 1 and 2 are both located at Jalan Besar, Tanah Rata, while Cameron Valley Tea House KT is located in Kuala Terla.

Gopeng, Perak

Located roughly two hours away by car from Cameron Highlands is another tea valley, but this one looks starkly different. Instead of a hilly landscape dotted with lush tea bushes, you’ll see an endless sea of tall trees towering over you at this Gaharu Technologies-owned plantation.

Gaharu Tea Valley in Perak’s small town of Gopeng produces a different kind of tea, one called agarwood herbal tea.

Sold under the Hoga brand (Hoga being a portmanteau of “holistic” and “gaharu”), agarwood technically refers to the resinous heartwood of Aquilaria trees, but more often than not you’ll hear these trees being referred to as simply agarwood or gaharu trees. The leaves from these trees are what’s used to produce the agarwood herbal tea.

The tea valley is opened daily except on Tuesdays. You can spend a whole day here doing activities like admiring the view from the hilltop café, enjoying the cool waterfall and being a literal tree-hugger at the Hugging Park.

Ranau, Sabah

Over in the cooler corner of Sabah is where you’ll find the third largest tea producer in Malaysia. Established in 1978, Sabah Tea has been under Ipoh-based Yee Lee Corporation Berhad since 1997, when it was privatised.

Located at the foot of Mount Kinabalu in Ranau, Sabah Tea Garden is more than just a picturesque plantation. It also has a resort offering three types of accommodations. Based on how adventurous you’re feeling, you can opt to “rough it” on the camp grounds, experience traditional living in the longhouses, or have all your creature comforts in the cottages.

Stop by the resort’s restaurant to savour tea-infused food and beverage like pancakes, ice cream and the special Sabah Tea pandan teh tarik.

You can also take part in the many other activities available, such as the tea factory tour, jungle trekking, river trekking, morning sunrise walk, insect night walk and blowpipe lesson.

Related stories:

Tags / Keywords: Cameron Highlands , Pahang , Boh , Bharat Group , Ranau , Sabah Tea , Tea Plantations , Gaharu Tea Valley , Gopeng , Perak , sabah , tourism , domestic tourism

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Title: map-neo: highly capable and transparent bilingual large language model series.

Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have made great strides in recent years to achieve unprecedented performance across different tasks. However, due to commercial interest, the most competitive models like GPT, Gemini, and Claude have been gated behind proprietary interfaces without disclosing the training details. Recently, many institutions have open-sourced several strong LLMs like LLaMA-3, comparable to existing closed-source LLMs. However, only the model's weights are provided with most details (e.g., intermediate checkpoints, pre-training corpus, and training code, etc.) being undisclosed. To improve the transparency of LLMs, the research community has formed to open-source truly open LLMs (e.g., Pythia, Amber, OLMo), where more details (e.g., pre-training corpus and training code) are being provided. These models have greatly advanced the scientific study of these large models including their strengths, weaknesses, biases and risks. However, we observe that the existing truly open LLMs on reasoning, knowledge, and coding tasks are still inferior to existing state-of-the-art LLMs with similar model sizes. To this end, we open-source MAP-Neo, a highly capable and transparent bilingual language model with 7B parameters trained from scratch on 4.5T high-quality tokens. Our MAP-Neo is the first fully open-sourced bilingual LLM with comparable performance compared to existing state-of-the-art LLMs. Moreover, we open-source all details to reproduce our MAP-Neo, where the cleaned pre-training corpus, data cleaning pipeline, checkpoints, and well-optimized training/evaluation framework are provided. Finally, we hope our MAP-Neo will enhance and strengthen the open research community and inspire more innovations and creativities to facilitate the further improvements of LLMs.

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