travel to south africa malaria

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Malaria Introduction

At least 3.2 billion of the world’s people are still at risk of contracting malaria, and an estimated 350-500 million clinical malaria cases occur annually. More than 600,000 malaria deaths occur in Africa and most are children under 5 years of age. Around 60% of these clinical cases, and about 80% of malaria deaths, occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria constitutes a major barrier to social and economic development in the region.

In South Africa, malaria is mainly transmitted along the border areas. Some parts of South Africa’s nine provinces (Limpopo, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal) are endemic for malaria, and 10% of the population (approximately 4.9 million persons) is at risk of contracting the disease. Malaria transmission in South Africa is seasonal, with malaria cases starting to rise in October, peaking in January and February, and waning towards May.

The South African government is working to eliminate malaria. Malaria elimination involves a systematic process of developing strategies and ensuring their robust implementation. The first phase of elimination commenced with a programme review, the development of an elimination strategy, an implementation plan, and a monitoring and evaluation plan. The second phase, currently underway, will involve the robust implementation of the interventions detailed in the strategic plan, and monitoring its progress towards achieving the goal of malaria elimination.

Malaria is a preventable and curable disease. If not diagnosed and treated early, it can also be fatal. Preventative and curative advice can be found under Malaria Prevention & Treatment Advice.

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Advice for all destinations.

Read the information on the COVID-19: Health Considerations for Travel page for advice on travelling during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Vaccinations and malaria risk

Review both the Vaccination and Malaria sections on this page to find out if you may need vaccines and/or a malaria risk assessment before you travel to this country.

If you think you require vaccines and/or malaria risk assessment, you should make an appointment with a travel health professional:

• How to make an appointment with a travel health professional

A travel health risk assessment is also advisable for some people, even when vaccines or malaria tablets are not required.

• Do I need a travel health risk assessment?

Risk prevention advice 

Many of the health risks experienced by travellers cannot be prevented by vaccines and other measures need to be taken.

Always make sure you understand the wider risks at your destination and take precautions, including:

• food and water safety
• accident prevention
• avoiding insect bites
• preventing and treating animal bites
• respiratory hygiene
• hand hygiene

Our advice section gives detailed information on minimising specific health risks abroad:

• Travel Health Advice A-Z

Other health considerations

Make sure you have travel insurance before travel to cover healthcare abroad.

Find out if there are any restrictions you need to consider if you are travelling with medicines .

Know how to access healthcare at your destination: see the GOV.UK English speaking doctors and medical facilities: worldwide list

If you feel unwell on your return home from travelling abroad, always seek advice from a healthcare professional and let them know your travel history.

Vaccinations

• Confirm primary courses and boosters are up to date as recommended for life in Britain - including for example, seasonal flu vaccine (if indicated), MMR , vaccines required for occupational risk of exposure, lifestyle risks and underlying medical conditions.
• Courses or boosters usually advised: Diphtheria; Hepatitis A.
• Other vaccines to consider: Hepatitis B; Rabies; Tetanus; Typhoid.
• Selectively advised vaccines - only for those individuals at highest risk: none.

Yellow fever vaccination certificate required for travellers aged 1 year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Notes on the diseases mentioned above

• Diphtheria :  spread person to person through respiratory droplets. Risk is higher if mixing with locals in poor, overcrowded living conditions.

Risk is higher where personal hygiene and sanitation is poor.

Risk is higher for long stays, frequent travel and for children (exposed through cuts and scratches), those who may require medical treatment during travel.

• Tetanus :  spread through contamination of cuts, burns and wounds with tetanus spores. Spores are found in soil worldwide. A total of 5 doses of tetanus vaccine are recommended for life in the UK. Boosters are usually recommended in a country or situation where the correct treatment of an injury may not be readily available.
• Typhoid :  spread mainly through consumption of contaminated food and drink. Risk is higher where access to adequate sanitation and safe water is limited.

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease transmitted by mosquitoes.You cannot be vaccinated against malaria.

Malaria precautions

• Malaria risk is present throughout the year, but highest from September to May inclusive. Risk is high in low altitude areas of Mpumalanga Province (including Kruger National Park) and Limpopo Province, Vhembe and Mopani districts, Musina, Thohoyandou and surrounds. There is low to no risk areas in all other areas.
• Malaria precautions are essential. Avoid mosquito bites by covering up with clothing such as long sleeves and long trousers especially after sunset, using insect repellents on exposed skin and, when necessary, sleeping under a mosquito net.
• Check with your doctor or nurse about suitable antimalarial tablets.
• See malaria map – additional information can be found by clicking on the Regional Information icon below the map. 
• High risk areas: atovaquone/proguanil OR doxycycline OR mefloquine is usually advised for those visiting risk areas.
• Low to no risk areas: antimalarials are not usually advised.
• If you have been travelling in a malarious area and develop a fever seek medical attention promptly. Remember malaria can develop even up to one year after exposure.
• If travelling to an area remote from medical facilities, carrying standby emergency treatment for malaria may be considered.

Other Health Risks

Altitude and travel, schistosomiasis, entry/exit birth certificate requirement for children.

Additional documents, such as a birth certificate and parental consent letter, may be requested by the South African authorities when entering or leaving the Republic of South Africa with children. The requirements are dependent on the child’s nationality.

• See the South African Department of Home Affairs website and the GOV.UK website for further information.

There is a risk of exposure to coronavirus (COVID-19) in this country.

Please be aware that the risk of COVID-19 in this country may change at short notice and also consider your risk of exposure in any transit countries and from travelling itself. 

• The 'News' section on this page will advise if significant case increases or outbreaks have occurred in this country.

Prior to travel, you should:

• Check the latest government guidance on the FCDO Foreign travel advice and country specific pages for travel to this country and the rules for entering the UK on return.
• Ensure you are up to date with UK recommendations on COVID-19 vaccination.
• You can check this in the FAQ's.
• If you are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 you should carefully  consider your travel plans  and consider seeking medical advice prior to making any decisions.

For further information, see  Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)  and  COVID-19: Health Considerations for Travel  pages.

• 27 May 2024 - Cholera in Africa: Update 1
• 23 May 2024 - Advice on Dengue Fever if Travelling Abroad
• 09 May 2024 - International Pride Events 2024
• 85 additional items in the news archive for this country

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Where does malaria occur in South Africa and how can I prevent infection?

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a parasite that infects a certain type of mosquito. You may contract malaria if bitten by an infected mosquito.

Malaria is endemic in some areas of South Africa, namely north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal, parts of Mpumalanga and Limpopo. September to May is considered the malaria season.

Some of the precautionary measures you can take to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes:

• Mosquitoes which carry malaria generally bite between dusk and dawn. Close windows and doors and remain indoors during this time.
• Use mosquito repellent on exposed skin.
• Spray your accommodation with an aerosol insecticide or use mosquito coils.
• Wear long-sleeved, light-coloured clothing, long trousers and socks.
• Sleep under a net (preferably impregnated with an approved insecticide) or in a netted tent or use screens to prevent mosquitoes from flying in.
• Ceiling fans and air conditioners are also effective in preventing mosquito bites.
• Chemoprophlyaxis help to reduce the chances of getting ill with malaria. These medicines must be taken according to the instructions given by your local medical practitioner or pharmacist.

Malaria symptoms may only develop 10-14 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. Even if you have taken chemoprophylaxis, you can still contract malaria, and then this incubation period might be longer.

• Flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, sweating, fatigue, myalgia (back and limbs), abdominal pain, diarrhoea, appetite loss, nausea and vomiting, could be an indication of malaria.
• You should seek immediate medical attention if you have flu-like symptoms for up to six months after visiting a malaria area.

Get more information at:

• The South African National Travel Health Network (SaNTHNet)
• World Health Organisation (WHO) .

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Home » Travel

By Dr Dulcy Rakumakoe

Chief Executive Officer

7 minute read

18 Jul 2022

These are the high-risk malaria areas in South Africa

If you are going to be travelling to a location where malaria is common, talk to your doctor a few months ahead of time about drugs you can take, before, during and after your trip..

Picture: iStock

In South Africa, malaria is endemic in the Lowveld of Mpumalanga and in Limpopo (including Kruger National Park and other private game lodges in those areas). In KwaZulu-Natal it is endemic along the Maputaland coast.

The intermediate risk areas are Kosi Bay, Sodwana Bay, Mkuze Game reserve and St Lucia Lake. In North West and Northern Cape along the Molopo and Orange rivers malaria is only occasionally locally transmitted, and there is usually no need for preventive medication. Talk to your doctor if you experience a high fever while living in or after travelling to a high-risk malaria region.

The parasites that cause malaria can lie dormant in your body for up to a year. If you have severe symptoms, seek emergency medical attention.

Residents of a malaria region may be exposed to the disease so frequently that they acquire a partial immunity, which can lessen the severity of malaria symptoms. However, this partial immunity can disappear if you move to a country where you’re no longer frequently exposed to the parasite.

Some varieties which typically cause milder forms can persist for years and cause relapses.

PICS: SA beaches make it to the top 100 in the world

ALSO SEE: WARNING | Don’t confuse malaria with Covid-19 – NICD

What is malaria?

Malaria is caused by a parasite transmitted most commonly by mosquito bites. Malaria produces recurrent attacks of chills and fever. Malaria kills an estimated 660 000 people each year. While the disease is uncommon in temperate climates, malaria is still prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. World health officials are trying to reduce the incidence of malaria by distributing bed nets in those countries to help protect people as they sleep. Scientists around the world are still working to develop a vaccine.

If you are travelling to locations where malaria is common, it is advisable that you take preventive medicine before, during and after your trip. Many malaria parasites are now immune to the most common drugs.

Malaria signs and symptoms typically begin within a few weeks after being bitten.

• Moderate to severe shaking chills

How is Malaria transmitted?

• Infected mosquito: A mosquito becomes infected by feeding on a person who has malaria.
• Transmission of parasite: If you’re the next person the mosquito bites, it can transmit.
• In the liver: The parasites then travel to your liver where it could lie dormant for as long as a year.
• Into the bloodstream: When the parasites mature, they leave the liver and infect your red blood cells. This is when people typically develop symptoms.
• On to the next person: If an uninfected mosquito bites you at this point in the cycle, it will become infected.

Other modes of transmission:

People can also catch malaria from exposures to infected blood, including some of the following scenarios:

• From mother to unborn child
• Through blood transfusions
• By sharing needles used to inject drugs.

ALSO SEE: Tshwane measles outbreak officially now over, says NICD

Risk factors

The biggest risk factor for developing malaria is to live in or to visit tropical areas where the disease is common. Many different subtypes of malaria parasites exist. The variety that causes the most lethal complications is most commonly found in African countries south of the Sahara Desert, The Asian subcontinent, Solomon Islands-Papua New Guinea and Haiti.

People at increased risk of serious disease include:

• Young children and infants
• Travellers coming from areas with no malaria
• Pregnant women and their unborn children
• Poverty, lack of knowledge, and little or no access to health care also contribute to malaria deaths worldwide.

Malaria can be fatal, particularly the variety that is common in tropical parts of Africa. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 90% of all malaria deaths occur in Africa, most commonly in children under the age of five.

Complications

In most cases, malaria deaths are related to one or more serious complications, including:

• Cerebral malaria: If parasite-filled blood cells block small blood vessels to your brain (cerebral malaria), swelling of your brain or brain damage may occur. Cerebral malaria may cause coma.
• Breathing problems: Accumulated fluid in your lungs (pulmonary oedema) can make it difficult to breathe.
• Organ failure: Malaria can cause your kidneys or liver to fail, or your spleen to rupture, all life-threatening.
• Anaemia: Malaria damages red blood cells, which can result in anaemia.
• Low blood sugar: Severe forms of malaria itself can cause low blood sugar, as can quinine (one of the most common medications used to combat malaria). Very low blood sugar can result in coma or death.

How is malaria diagnosed?

Some blood tests can take several days to complete, while others can produce results in less than 15 minutes. Blood tests can show the presence of the parasite and help tailor treatment by determining:

• Whether you have malaria
• Which type of malaria parasite is causing your symptoms
• If your infection is caused by a parasite resistant to certain drugs
• Whether the disease is affecting any of your vital organs.

Treating malaria

The types of drugs and the length of treatment will vary, depending on which type of malaria parasite you have, the severity of your symptoms, your age and whether or not you are pregnant.

Preventing malaria

If you are going to be travelling to a location where malaria is common, talk to your doctor a few months ahead of time about drugs you can take, before, during and after your trip. In general, the drugs taken to prevent malaria are the same drugs used to treat the disease. Your doctor needs to know where you will be travelling so that he or she can prescribe the drug that will work best on the type of malaria parasite most commonly found in that region. There is still no vaccine yet. Scientists around the world are trying to develop a safe and effective vaccine for malaria. As of yet, however, there is still no malaria vaccine approved for human use.

Reduce your exposure:

• Spray your home
• Sleeping under a net
• Cover your skin
• Spray clothing and skin.

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South Africa Travel Requirements & Vaccinations

South Africa is located at the southernmost region of Africa, with a long coastline that stretches more than 1,500 miles banking the South Atlantic and Indian oceans. South Africa is about twice the size of Texas, making it the 25th-largest country in the world. Zulu is the most commonly spoken of the 11 official languages, but English is the second language of most South Africans and is widely spoken and understood throughout the country.

South Africa is a diverse country in both geography and climate, ranging from the extreme dry heat of the Namib Desert in the northwest to the lush subtropical conditions found on the east coast. Visitors to South Africa will enjoy a wide variety of activities and destination locations, including:

• Varied cultural and historical attractions
• Diverse wildlife and scenery
• Beautiful, sandy beaches

Recommended Vaccines for Travel to South Africa

• Hepatitis A
• Malaria (pill form)

*Rabies vaccination is typically only recommended for very high risk travelers given that it is completely preventable if medical attention is received within 7 – 10 days of an animal bite.

Travelers may also be advised to ensure they have received the routine vaccinations listed below. Some adults may need to receive a booster for some of these diseases:

• Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)
• Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis)

Older adults or those with certain medical conditions may also want to ask about being vaccinated for shingles and/or pneumonia.

This information is not intended to replace the advice of a travel medicine professional. Not all of the vaccines listed here will be necessary for every individual.

Talk to the experts at UH Roe Green Center for Travel Medicine & Global Health to determine how each member of your family can obtain maximum protection against illness, disease and injury while traveling, based on age, health, medical history and travel itinerary.

Security Alert May 17, 2024

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South Africa

Travel Advisory February 5, 2024

South africa - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Updated to reflect safety consideration when using GPS navigation. 

Exercise increased caution in South Africa due to  crime  and  civil unrest . 

Country Summary:   Violent crime, such as armed robbery, rape, carjacking, mugging, and "smash-and-grab" attacks on vehicles, is common. There is a higher risk of violent crime in the central business districts of major cities after dark.

Using GPS navigation can lead to unsafe routes. GPS navigation may suggest shortcuts through townships as the quickest preferred route but can lead to increased risks of crime.

There have been incidents in which tourists traveling in Cape Town while using GPS navigation apps have been routed through residential areas with high rates of violent crime. The safest approach to return a rental car to Cape Town International Airport is to take the N2 highway and follow signs to Airport Approach Rd ( exit 16 ). Alternatively, request the rental car company to collect your vehicle and subsequently arrange an airport transfer from established taxi companies or established ridesharing services to reach the airport.

Demonstrations, protests, and strikes occur frequently. These can develop quickly without prior notification, often interrupting traffic, transportation, and other services; such events have the potential to turn violent. 

Please see our  Alerts  for up-to-date information. 

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to South Africa. 

 If you decide to travel to South Africa: 

• Research your route in advance, stay on major highways, avoid shortcuts through townships, and avoid reliance on GPS navigation apps.
• Avoid walking alone, especially after dark. 
• Avoid visiting informal settlement areas unless you are with someone familiar with the area. 
• Do not display cash or valuables. 
• Drive with doors locked and windows closed. 
• Always carry a copy of your U.S. passport and visa (if applicable). Keep original documents in a secure location. 
• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency. 
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter . 
• Review the  Country Security Report  for South Africa. 
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist . 
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel. 

Embassy Messages

View Alerts and Messages Archive

Quick Facts

30 days beyond your intended date of exit from South Africa..

2 consecutive empty visa pages per entry (not including endorsement pages).

No, if visiting 90 days or less.

Yellow fever at least 10 days before arrival is required for travelers originating from or transiting through WHO-designated yellow fever countries.

ZAR 25,000; Foreign currency unlimited if declared; No Kruger coins.

ZAR 25,000; Foreign currency unlimited if amount was declared on entry; Up to 15 Kruger coins if proof purchased with foreign currency.

Embassies and Consulates

U.S. Embassy Pretoria 877 Pretorius Street, Arcadia Pretoria 0083 South Africa Telephone: +(27)(12) 431-4000 / 012-431-4000 Fax: +(27)(12) 431-5504 / 012-431-5504 The U.S. Embassy in Pretoria does not provide consular services to the public. Facebook Twitter Email: [email protected]

U.S. Consulate General Johannesburg 1 Sandton Drive (opposite Sandton City Mall) Johannesburg 2196 South Africa Telephone: +(27)(11) 290-3000 / 011-290-3000 (Monday – Thursday: 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.; Friday: 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.) Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(27) 79-111-1684 / 079-111-1684 (from within South Africa) Fax: +(27)(11) 884-0396 / 011-884-0396 Email: [email protected]

U.S. Consulate General Cape Town 2 Reddam Avenue, West Lake 7945, Cape Town, South Africa Telephone: +(27)(21) 702-7300 / 021-702-7300 (from within South Africa) Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(27) 702-7300 / 079-111-0391 (from within South Africa) Fax: +(27)(21) 702-7493 / 021-702-7493 (from within South Africa) Email: [email protected]

U.S. Consulate General Durban 303 Dr. Pixley KaSeme Street (formerly West Street) 31st Floor Delta Towers Durban 4001 South Africa Telephone:  +(27) (31) 305-7600/031-305-7600 (from within South Africa) Emergency After-Hours Telephone:  +(27) (31) 305-7600 or +(27) 079-111-1445 / (031) 305-7600 or 079-111-1445 (from within South Africa) Fax: (+27)(31) 305-7691 / 031-305-7691 (from within South Africa) Email:   [email protected]

Destination Description

See the Department of State’s Fact Sheet on South Africa for information on U.S.-South Africa relations.

Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

South Africa strictly enforces entry and exit requirements and other immigration laws. Failure to observe these requirements may result in the traveler being denied entry, detained, deported, or deemed inadmissible to enter South Africa in the future.

Please visit the  Department of Home Affairs website  for the most up to date entry and exit requirements.

The Embassy of the Republic of South Africa is located at 3051 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008, telephone (202) 232-4400. Visit the  Embassy of South Africa  for the most current visa information.

Two Consecutive Blank Visa Pages:  South Africa requires travelers to have two consecutive completely blank visa pages in their passports upon every arrival in South Africa.  YOU WILL BE DENIED ENTRY  if you do not have two consecutive blank visa pages in your passport. This does not include the endorsement pages.

Traveling with minors:  There are special requirements for minors traveling through South African ports of entry. Visit the  Department of Home Affairs  website for the most up-to-date requirements for traveling with minors to or from South Africa.

Immunizations:  Travelers entering South Africa from WHO-designated countries with risk of yellow fever virus (YFV) transmission must present their current and valid International Certificate of Vaccination as approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) (“yellow card”). See the  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s South Africa page .

The U.S. Department of State is not aware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to or foreign residents of South Africa. However, South Africa has a high HIV/AIDS prevalence.

Other:  Find information on  dual nationality ,  prevention of international child abduction  and  customs regulations  on our websites.

Safety and Security

Alerts regarding important safety and security information such as demonstrations, road security, and weather events are posted on the  Embassy’s website .

In South Africa the equivalent to the “911” emergency line is 10111.

The following paragraphs provide a summary, but please read the Department of State’s most recent Overseas Security Advisory Council  Country Security Report  on South Africa, which provides detailed information about safety and security concerns for travelers to South Africa.

Civil Unrest: Strikes and demonstrations occur frequently. These can develop quickly without prior notification and occasionally turn violent, and may include the burning of vehicles, buildings, or tires – which may serve as roadblocks; throwing rocks or other objects; or physical attacks. Strikes and demonstrations can also interrupt traffic and the provision of electricity, water, public transportation, fuel, and other goods and services. Periodic incidents of mob violence directed against refugees and immigrants from other African countries occur in South Africa. During labor protests, strike breakers or those perceived to be strike breakers have been violently attacked. Protests involving taxis and ride hailing services can turn violent. See Travel and Transportation section below for guidance.

Precautions:

• Avoid demonstrations and use vigilance during your movements around the country. Even events intended to be peaceful can become violent.
• Maintain caution in areas frequented by foreigners.
• Monitor news and  Alerts .

Crime: Crime in South Africa is very high. Violent crimes happen in places where people live, work, travel, or go out. This includes armed home invasions by criminal groups, which lead to assaults, rapes, and murder. Popular tourist spots and big hotels have their own security to prevent these incidents. But visitors and residents are still affected by armed robbery, rape, kidnapping, carjacking, mugging, and "smash-and-grab" attacks on vehicles. It's important to be extra careful at traffic lights and on/off ramps where cars slow down or stop. To avoid being robbed when buying jewelry or electronics outside high-end stores, many vendors offer to deliver your purchase to your home or hotel for a fee. Crime can happen anywhere and at any time, even in and around Kruger National Park. U.S. government staff and visitors have been robbed near our diplomatic facilities. It's especially important to be cautious in the central business districts (CBDs) of major cities, especially after dark. Crime victims have also been followed from OR Tambo Airport in Johannesburg and then robbed when they reach their home or hotel. 

Theft can be bold and in broad daylight. Travelers and U.S. diplomats report having cell phones stolen from their hands, as well as purses or wallets taken off counters while paying for goods at stores. Car theft and hijacking continues to plague the country, particularly in large cities. Travelers should choose secure parking options and double check locked doors before leaving a parked car.

Throughout South Africa, U.S. citizens should:

•  Avoid walking alone especially after dark.
• Avoid visiting informal settlement areas unless you are with someone familiar with the area. Please note that U.S. mission staff are required to use fully armored vehicles when visiting many townships in and around the Cape Town area and visiting hours are restricted to between 0700-1500 hours.
• Do not display cash and valuables.
• Avoid cash-in-transit vehicles both on the road, as well as ATMs when being refilled. Armed criminal gangs frequently target cash-in-transit vehicles while stopped at customer sites, but also ambush cash-in-transit vehicles while on the road. Such violent armed attacks involve automatic weapons, explosives, and gangs of criminals. Criminals frequently use remote jamming and signal interceptors with success.
• Drive with doors locked and windows closed.
• Always carry a copy of your U.S. passport and visa (if applicable). Keep original documents in a secure location.
• Avoid driving during periods of load shedding (rolling blackouts) as the roads can become extremely congested due to a lack of traffic signals. These traffic jams and slow-moving traffic can provide opportunities for smash and grab robberies.

Student Groups:  There have been instances of student groups being robbed while conducting outreach and service visits in townships. On these occasions, student groups coordinated with officials to conduct service visits and upon arrival were held and then robbed by armed perpetrators.

Demonstrations  occur frequently. They may take place in response to political or economic issues, on politically significant holidays, and during international events.

• Demonstrations can be unpredictable, avoid areas around protests and demonstrations.
• Past demonstrations have turned violent.
• Check local media for updates and traffic advisories.

Internet romance and financial scams  are prevalent in South Africa. Scams are often initiated through Internet postings/profiles or by unsolicited emails and letters. Scammers almost always pose as U.S. citizens who have no one else to turn to for help.

Tips to avoid scammers:

• Look for red flags such as individuals who say they live in a remote location, a profile that was recently created or seems to be too good to be true, the pace of the relationship is moving too quickly, or requests for money.

• Set up a phone call/video chat in the initial stages.
• Do a reverse image search on the profile picture.
• If the individual asking for help claims to be a U.S. citizen, rather than helping them, you should refer them to the closest U.S. Embassy or Consulate so we can work with local authorities to assist them.

Common scams include:

• Romance/Online dating
• Money transfers
• Lucrative sales
• Gold purchase
• Contracts with promises of large commissions
• Grandparent/Relative targeting
• Free Trip/Luggage
• Inheritance notices
• Work permits/job offers
• Bank overpayments

Technology Usage Abroad: Mobile devices are vulnerable to compromise, theft, and physical damage anywhere in the world. Best practices prior to traveling abroad include keeping all software (for operating systems and apps) updated and using virtual private network (VPN) and encrypted voice over IP (VoIP) applications if possible. Make sure that all VPN/VoIP are reputable, and U.S. based. Do not connect to unknown open Wi-Fi.

GPS navigation apps . Prior to using the GPS navigation apps, make sure you research the route to make sure it is safe. GPS navigation apps may give you the shortest route without safety consideration.

Dating apps and websites . Be careful when using dating apps and online dating websites in foreign countries as scammers may target U.S. citizens. Let your friends and family know where you are, meet in a popular public place, and avoid eating or drinking anything suspicious. Don't go to bars or nightclubs alone. 

Credit cards and ATMs. Travelers need not surrender their credit card to any vendor. They will bring a credit card machine to customers.

Be cautious when using ATMs outside of banks and reputable hotels because ATM and Credit Card skimming is common. Thieves may pretend to help you use a malfunctioning ATM and steal your ATM cards. Skimmers have also been found on machines used to pay parking tickets at shopping malls and office buildings. To avoid this risk, pay parking fees with cash. 

See the  FBI  pages for information.

Victims of Crime:

U.S. citizen victims of sexual assault or domestic violence should report crimes to the local police at 10111. Remember that local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting the crime.

See our webpage on  help for U.S. victims of crime overseas .

The U.S. Consulates General in South Africa can:

• help you find appropriate medical care
• assist you in reporting a crime to the police
• contact relatives or friends with your written consent
• explain the local criminal justice process in general terms
• provide a list of local attorneys
• provide information on  victim’s compensation programs in the U.S.
• provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States and/or limited medical support in cases of destitution
• help you find accommodation and arrange flights home
• replace a stolen or lost passport

Terrorism Threat:  Extremists with ties to international terrorist organizations, such as al-Qai’ida, al-Shabaab, and ISIS, historically have used South Africa as a logistical hub to conduct recruitment and financial facilitation. There has been increased activity by ISIS sympathizers and supporters locally, including the placement of incendiary devices and kidnapping for ransom operations. South African authorities have periodically arrested individuals and charged them with terrorism related crimes. The U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control has publicly designated ISIS members operating in South Africa who have provided technical, financial, or material support to the terrorist group. Check the  Mission’s website  to review Alerts to U.S. citizens, and  register  with the U.S. Mission to South Africa to receive new Alerts by email during your travels.

For more information, see our Terrorism page.

Game parks and outdoor safety:  Visitors have been injured and killed by wild animals in South Africa. It is dangerous to leave your vehicle in game parks outside of designated areas. Observe all park regulations and follow the instructions of guides. Be mindful of sharks when swimming. Rip tides are common and very dangerous. Do not swim alone in isolated areas or dive into unfamiliar waters.

Hikers must be prepared for rapidly changing weather conditions and ensure they have proper clothing and supplies. Many areas, especially in the Western Cape province, experience brush fires during the summer months (December-February). These fires can burn for several days. Monitor local media and follow fire crew instructions regarding road closures and evacuations.

Tourism:  The tourism industry is regulated. Rules for best practices and safety inspections are enforced. Hazardous areas are marked with signs and professional staff are available for organized activities. If you get hurt, there is medical treatment available. Outside of big cities, it might take longer for help to come. It's a good idea for U.S. citizens to get medical evacuation insurance. U.S. citizens are strongly encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance.

See our webpage for more information on  insurance providers for overseas coverage .

Infrastructure:  In the country, there are often scheduled blackouts called "Load Shedding". These blackouts are meant to protect the electrical grid, but they cause the whole country to lose power for up to six hours every day. This is bad for businesses that don't have another way to get power, like hotels. Load shedding also causes traffic lights to stop working, which leads to traffic jams and more crime. It can also affect access to water, cell phone signal, fuel availability, and safety features in rural areas.

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties:  If you break local laws, even if you don't know, you can be deported, arrested, or put in prison. If you want to start a business or do a job that needs special permission, you should ask the local authorities for information before you start.

Some crimes can also be punished in the United States, even if they are not against local law. For examples, see our website on  crimes against minors abroad  and the  Department of Justice website .

Arrest Notification:  If you are arrested or held, ask police or prison officials to notify the nearest U.S. Consulate in South Africa  immediately . See our  webpage  for further information.

Counterfeit and Pirated Goods: Counterfeit and pirated goods are prevalent in many countries and may be illegal according to the local laws. Counterfeit and pirated goods may pose significant risks to consumer health and safety. You may be subject to fines and/or have to give up counterfeit and pirated goods if you bring them back to the United States. See the U.S. Customs and Border Protection website and U.S. Department of Justice website for more information.

Faith-Based Travelers: See our following webpages for details:

• Faith-Based Travel Information
• International Religious Freedom Report  
• Human Rights Report  
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad

LGBTQI+ Travelers:  There are no legal restrictions on same-sex sexual relations or the organization of LGBTQI+ events in South Africa.

See   our  LGBTQI+ Travel Information  page and section 6 of our  Human Rights Report  for further details.

Travelers with Disabilities:  South Africa law mandates access to buildings for persons with disabilities, but these laws are rarely enforced. Some tourist attractions, and restaurants near tourist attractions, are equipped with ramps and other options to facilitate access. Conditions vary significantly across the country.

The law in South Africa prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual and mental disabilities, and the law is enforced unevenly. Social acceptance of persons with disabilities in public is as prevalent as in the United States. Expect accessibility to be limited in public transportation, lodging, communication/information, and general infrastructure.

Students:  See our  Students Abroad  page and  FBI travel tips .

Women Travelers: South Africa has one of the highest rates of sexual assault and gender-based violence in the world. Women travelers should take special care to follow safety and security precautions listed on this page when traveling in South Africa  

See our travel tips for  Women Travelers .

Special Circumstances: Parts of South Africa may face drought conditions, water scarcity, and rainfall patterns that may be erratic. Water supplies in some areas may be affected. Water-use restrictions may be in place in the affected municipalities.

For emergency services in South Africa, dial  10111 . Ambulance services are:

• not widely available and training and availability of emergency responders may be below U.S. standards;
• not present throughout the country or are unreliable in most areas except in major cities and may;  
• not be equipped with state-of-the-art medical equipment.

We highly recommend that all travelers review the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Travelers’ Health webpage and general Traveler Advice for South Africa.

• Select your destination in the Travelers’ Health webpage .
• Review all sub-sections including the Travel Health Notices, Vaccines and Medicines, Non-Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Stay Healthy and Safe, Healthy Travel Packing List, and After Your Trip.
• Reasons for Travel (for example: Adventure Travel, Spring Break Travel)
• Travelers with Special Considerations (for example: Allergies, Long-Term Travelers and Expatriates)
• and General Tips (for example: Traveling with Medications, Travel Vaccines)

Private medical facilities are good in urban areas and in the vicinity of game parks but limited elsewhere. Private medical facilities require a deposit before admitting patients. Pharmacies are well-stocked, but you should carry an adequate supply of prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription. HIV and AIDS is a major public health concern.

The Department of State, U.S. embassies and U.S. consulates do not pay medical bills. Be aware that U.S. Medicare/Medicaid does not apply overseas. Most hospitals and doctors overseas do not accept U.S. health insurance.

Medical Insurance:  Make sure your health insurance plan provides coverage overseas. Private medical facilities will require payment before care is administered. See  insurance providers for overseas coverage . Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  for more information on type of insurance you should consider before you travel overseas. for more information on type of insurance you should consider before you travel overseas.

If your health insurance plan does not provide coverage overseas, we strongly recommend your Health Abroad .

If traveling with prescription medication, check with the  Embassy of South Africa  to ensure the medication is legal in South Africa. Always, carry your prescription medication in original packaging with your doctor’s prescription.

The following diseases are prevalent:

• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Yellow Fever
• Leptospirosis
• Schistosomiasis
• African Tick-bite Fever
• Chikungunya
• Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
• Rift River Valley
• Avian/Bird Flu
• Tuberculosis (TB)

Vaccinations:  Be up to date on  vaccinations  recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

For further health information:

• World Health Organization
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Air Quality:  Visit  Air Now Department of State  for information on air quality at U.S. Embassies and Consulates.

Air pollution is a significant problem in several major cities in South Africa. Consider the impact seasonal smog and heavy particulate pollution may have on you and consult your doctor before traveling if necessary.

The air quality varies considerably and fluctuates with the seasons. It is typically at its worst in the Winter (Southern Hemisphere). People at the greatest risk from particle pollution exposure include:

• Infants, children, and teens
• People over 65 years of age
• People with lung disease such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
• People with heart disease or diabetes
• People who work or are active outdoors
• The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of  doctors and hospitals.  We do not endorse or recommend any specific medical provider or clinic.
• Adequate health facilities are available major cities but health care in rural areas may be below U.S. standards.
• Public medical clinics lack basic resources and supplies.
• Hospitals and doctors often require payment “up front” prior to service or admission. Credit card payment is not always available. Most hospitals and medical professionals require cash payment.

Medical Tourism and Elective Surgery

Medical tourism is a rapidly growing industry. People seeking health care overseas should understand that medical systems operate differently from those in the United States and are not subject to the same rules and regulations. Anyone interested in traveling for medical purposes should consult with their local physician before traveling and visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for more information on Medical Tourism.

Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for information on Medical Tourism, the risks of medical tourism, and what you can do to prepare before traveling to South Africa.

We strongly recommend supplemental insurance to cover medical evacuation in the event of unforeseen medical complications.

Your legal options in case of malpractice are very limited in South Africa.

Although South Africa has many elective/cosmetic surgery facilities that are on par with those found in the United States, the quality of care varies widely. If you plan to undergo surgery in South Africa, make sure that emergency medical facilities are available, and professionals are accredited and qualified.

Pharmaceuticals

Exercise caution when purchasing medication overseas. Pharmaceuticals, both over the counter and requiring prescriptions, are often readily available for purchase with minimal regulation. Counterfeit medication is common and may be ineffective, the wrong strength, or contain dangerous ingredients. Medication should be purchased in consultation with a medical professional and from reputable establishments.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Food and Drug Administration are responsible for rules governing the transport of medication back to the United States. Medication purchased abroad must meet their requirements to be legally brought back into the United States. Medication should be for personal use and must be approved for usage in the United States. Please visit the U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Food and Drug Administration websites for more information.

Water Quality & Food Safety

In many areas, tap water is not potable. Bottled water and beverages are generally safe, although you should be aware that many restaurants and hotels serve tap water unless bottled water is specifically requested. Be aware that ice for drinks may be made using tap water.

Johannesburg is at high altitude (5,751 feet). Be aware of the symptoms of altitude sickness and take precautions before you travel. Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for more information about Travel to High Altitudes .

Adventure Travel

Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for more information about Adventure Travel .

Travel and Transportation

Road Conditions and Safety:  Road conditions are generally good in South Africa, but the road traffic death rate is nearly three times higher in South Africa than in the United States. The high incidence of road traffic mortality is due to a combination of poor driving, limited enforcement of traffic laws, road rage, aggressive driving, distracted driving, and driving under the influence of alcohol. Use extreme caution driving at night. U.S. government employees are discouraged from driving after dark outside of major metropolitan areas, except for highway travel between Pretoria and Johannesburg. Traffic lights are frequently out of order.

Traffic Laws:  Traffic in South Africa moves on the left, and the steering wheel is on the right-hand side of the car. Under South African law, all occupants of motor vehicles equipped with seatbelts are required to wear them while the vehicle is in operation. Texting or talking on a cell phone without a hands-free unit while driving is illegal. Treat all intersections with malfunctioning traffic lights as a four-way stop.

South African law does not require an international driver’s license. A valid driver’s license from any U.S. state or territory that has the signature and photo of the driver is valid to drive in South Africa for stays of less than six months.

Please refer to the  Road Safety page  for more information. Also, visit the websites of  South African Tourism  and the  South African National Roads Agency  for more information regarding local transportation trends and laws.

Public Transportation:

Taxis:  The use of individual metered taxis dispatched from established taxi companies, hotel taxis, and tour buses is recommended. U.S. government personnel are not allowed to use minibus taxis or hail taxis on the street or use a taxi stand. Minibus taxi drivers are often unlicensed and drive erratically.

Transportation Network Companies:  Transportation Network Companies (TNCs), such as Uber, also operate in South Africa. U.S. government personnel may only use TNCs with a dispatch application that provides vehicle description, license plate number, and the driver’s name, picture, user rating, and the ability to share trip information. The user should verify the information provided by the company, such as the vehicle make/model, license plate number, and driver’s name/picture, prior to entering the vehicle. TNCs should not be used to travel outside major metropolitan areas. Pick up and drop off should not be done near a traditional taxi stand due to tensions between rideshare and taxi drivers that have resulted in altercations.

Rail Service:  The long-distance rail service, Shosholoza Meyl; the rapid rail Gautrain in Gauteng Province; and luxury rail services, such as Shosholoza Meyl Premier Classe, Blue Train, and Rovos Rail are generally safe and reliable, though mechanical problems and criminal incidents do sometimes occur. U.S. government personnel are not allowed to use the Metrorail commuter rail service because of safety and crime concerns. There have been recent reports of fires being set on Metrorail train cars.

See our Road Safety page for more information. Visit the website of South Africa’s Road Safety authority and Traffic Management Corporation. 

Aviation Safety Oversight:  The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has assessed the government of South Africa’s Civil Aviation Authority as being in compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization aviation safety standards for oversight of South Africa’s air carrier operations. Further information may be found on the  FAA’s safety assessment page .

Maritime Travel:  Mariners planning travel to South Africa should also check for  U.S. maritime advisories  and  alerts  on the Maritime Administration website. Information may also be posted to the websites of the  U.S. Coast Guard  and the  National Geospace Intelligence Agency  (select “broadcast warnings”).

For additional travel information

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the  State Department’s travel website  for the  Worldwide Caution  and  Travel Advisories .
• Follow us on  Twitter  and  Facebook .
• See  traveling safely abroad  for useful travel tips.

Review information about International Parental Child Abduction in South Africa . For additional IPCA-related information, please see the International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act ( ICAPRA ) report.

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South Africa

Warnings and insurance.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ( FCDO ) provides advice about risks of travel to help British nationals make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice .

Before you travel

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• advice on preparing for travel abroad and reducing risks
• information for women, LGBT and disabled travellers

Follow and contact FCDO travel on Twitter , Facebook and Instagram . You can also sign up to get email notifications when this advice is updated.

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Unraveling the Magic of South Africa: Grasping the Pulse of its Customs and Laws

T raveling to South Africa? 🌍 Dive deep into a world where rich traditions blend seamlessly with modernity. But before you pack your bags, a bit of essential knowledge is needed. Let's unravel this majestic nation together.

• South Africa ranked 84th out of 190 economies in ease of doing business.
• The nation boasts 11 diverse official languages.
• It's a gateway to an African market of about a billion people.
• Respecting local customs and laws is key for an enriching experience.
• South Africa is not just a travel destination; it's a holistic experience.

A Land of Opportunities

According to the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Report 2020, South Africa ranked 84th out of 190 economies.

For travelers, especially those from the business world, this means the land is ripe with opportunities.

Whether it's a casual trip or a business venture, understanding this economic backdrop can make your visit even more fruitful.

The Linguistic Tapestry of South Africa

Fact alert! South Africa has 11 official languages, which include Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, and Zulu.

So, while you might be comfortable with English, sprinkling your conversation with a phrase or two in another language will not only impress locals but might also get you that extra scoop of gelato or a beaming smile.

Language here isn’t just about communication; it’s a testament to South Africa's rich multicultural tapestry.

Why South Africa is a Global Magnet

Here's a golden nugget from the Trade, Investment, and Promotion Agency of South Africa:

"South Africa is one of the most sophisticated, diverse, and promising emerging markets globally. Strategically located at the tip of the African continent, South Africa is a key investment location, both for the market opportunities that lie within its borders and as a gateway to the rest of the continent, a market of about one billion people."

Talk about being in the right place at the right time ! For the wanderlust-driven traveler, this means endless opportunities to explore, invest, and immerse.

Traversing the South African Terrain with Deborah Green’s Tips

Deborah Green , our in-house travel guru, spilled some of her best-kept secrets about South Africa:

• Respect is the Key - South Africans are warm and welcoming. Acknowledging their customs, even in small ways, goes a long way. Quick tip: When invited for a braai (a local BBQ), never arrive empty-handed.
• Wildlife Etiquette - Everyone loves a good safari. But remember, don't feed the animals and keep a safe distance. They might look cuddly, but they're wild at heart.
• Urban Exploration - Cities like Cape Town and Johannesburg are bustling hubs of culture, food, and fun. But, as with any urban area, stay vigilant. Avoid lonely alleys at night and always trust your gut.

South Africa , often referred to as the "Rainbow Nation" , stands as a testament to the beauty that emerges when myriad cultures, traditions, and histories converge. With its sweeping landscapes that range from the rugged Drakensberg mountains to the serene beaches of the Western Cape, the nation is a visual masterpiece. Yet, beyond its scenic beauty lies the true treasure - a diverse tapestry of people, each thread bringing with it stories of resilience, celebration, and hope.

Understanding South Africa's customs and laws is more than just about ensuring a smooth trip. It's about immersing oneself in the rhythm of a country that has faced tremendous challenges, yet emerges stronger, vibrant, and incredibly welcoming. It's about recognizing the beats of the African drum that resonate with tales of the past, while simultaneously pulsating with the promises of the future. It's about fostering connections, building bridges, and recognizing our shared human experience.

For any traveler, whether seeking adventure, business opportunities, or simply a chance to reflect, South Africa offers a unique backdrop. Here, amidst the bustling streets of Johannesburg or the tranquil vineyards of Stellenbosch, you find lessons in humility, joy, and the sheer power of human spirit. Each of its 11 official languages tells tales of history, struggle, and celebration, painting a multi-hued picture of life.

In essence, as you set foot on South African soil, remember you're not just stepping into a country; you're stepping into a story. A narrative where every individual you meet, every custom you learn, and every law you respect, adds a chapter. So, with open hearts and minds, let's embrace the magic, the contrasts, and the unparalleled beauty of South Africa, cherishing every moment of discovery and connection.

What vaccines do I need before traveling to South Africa?

While most travelers only need routine vaccines, it's advisable to consult with your doctor about getting vaccines for Hepatitis A and Typhoid due to potential exposure from food or water.

Can I use my electronic devices in South Africa?

Yes, South Africa uses a 230V AC electricity supply, with a frequency of 50Hz. However, they have unique three-pronged plugs, so you might need an adapter.

Is English widely spoken in South Africa?

Yes, English is one of the 11 official languages and is widely spoken in urban areas, used in business, politics, and media. However, in rural areas, local languages might be more dominant.

What is the best time to visit South Africa?

It depends on the activities you're planning. For wildlife safaris, May to September (dry season) is ideal. For beach activities, November to February (summertime) is perfect.

Do I need a visa to visit South Africa?

It depends on your nationality. Many countries are exempted from visa requirements for stays up to 90 days. However, it's essential to check with the South African consulate or embassy in your country.

Is South African cuisine suitable for vegetarians?

Yes, South Africa offers a variety of dishes suitable for vegetarians. While the country loves its meat, cities especially have many restaurants catering to vegetarian and vegan diets.

How prevalent is Wi-Fi access in South Africa?

Wi-Fi is common in urban areas, hotels, cafes, and some public spaces. However, connectivity might be limited in certain remote areas.

What's the local emergency number in South Africa?

For police services, dial 10111; for an ambulance, dial 10177. Ensure you have local emergency numbers saved or accessible when traveling.

Is it customary to tip in South Africa?

Yes, tipping is customary. In restaurants, a tip of 10-15% is standard for good service. Tipping is also common for other service providers like tour guides and taxi drivers.

What wildlife can I expect to see on a South African safari?

You can potentially see the "Big Five" - lion, elephant, buffalo, leopard, and rhinoceros, among other diverse wildlife like cheetahs, giraffes, zebras, and various species of birds and reptiles.

• World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Report 2020
• Trade, Investment, and Promotion Agency, South Africa
• South African Tourism Board

Bridging the gap to accelerate malaria vaccination rollout in Africa through experience sharing.

Africa is gradually making strides in fighting malaria across the continent through the Accelerating Malaria Vaccine Introduction and Rollout in Africa (AMVIRA) initiative.

As Burundi, Chad, Central African Republic (CAR), Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Niger are gearing up for the introduction and rollout of the malaria vaccines, the World Health Organization (WHO) with funding from PATH and partners convened stakeholders from these countries to learn from Benin, Ghana, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Liberia, and Sierra Leone’s malaria vaccination experience and ensure adequate preparation towards new introductions and rollout across these countries.

In addition, the intercountry peer learning is building capacities on the vaccines RTS, S, R21, and its monitoring tools to enhance readiness for successful vaccine rollout following the high interest and preparation for its introduction in about 20 more African countries.

“The vaccines are important for reducing malaria in young children, providing an important new tool to combat malaria. There is huge interest as we have seen, and PATH timely support is significantly appreciated”.  Dr Konan Kouame Jean, WHO Representative Benin underscored.

Participants gained insights into vaccine introduction, digitalization of data management, vaccine risk communication, readiness monitoring, and supervision, among others. Additionally, a field visit to malaria vaccination centres was organized to provide participants with firsthand experience in Benin’s vaccination process.

“ PATH is committed to health equity and the inter-country learning platform is creating a network of experts in accelerating the malaria vaccinations in countries”,   Mr John Bawa, Director of malaria Vaccines Implementation, PATH expressed.

As Africa continues to shoulder 94% of the global malaria burden, WHO and its partners including UNICEF and Gavi are strengthening malaria control efforts with vaccines being the latest in the control toolbox. In January 2024, the WHO Regional Office for Africa established the Accelerating Malaria Vaccine Introduction and Rollout in Africa (AMVIRA). 

This initiative aims to strengthen the provision of technical support to Member States in their efforts to introduce and roll out malaria vaccines while strengthening partners’ coordination at national, regional, and global levels effectively and efficiently.

So far, African countries including Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Liberia, and Sierra Leone are rolling out the malaria vaccine into routine immunization. Since 2019, Ghana, Malawi, and Kenya have been rolling out the malaria vaccine as part of a pilot programme, reaching 2.5 million children as of December 2023.

WHO and partners also leveraged the workshop to address information gaps and share lessons and best practices to ensure successful scale-up of vaccine introduction and rollout in countries. Participants expressed sincere appreciation for the workshop, highlighting the significance and the knowledge gained which will help shape their strategies towards effective malaria vaccine rollout.

“One of the key lessons we picked in Benin, is the effective use of risk communications and consistent information sharing all through the rollout. We also picked other lessons from Ghana and Sierra Leone’s implementation including the use of data management and monitoring tools to accelerate the vaccine rollout”.  Jean Crispin Mukendi, Deputy Manager for the Expanded Program on Immunization in the Democratic Republic of Congo noted.

In addition to facilitating the cross-learning, WHO through AMVIRA have deployed experts in immunization, data management, risk communication, and external communication to assist 5 countries in efficiently planning and delivering the vaccines.

Dr Joseph Biey, Country Support and Operation Pillar Lead for AMVIRA   emphasized: “With more investment, we can together beat malaria in Africa”.

Communications Officer WHO Country Office, United Republic of Tanzania Tel: +255 744377899 (Phone) Email:  adjeidum [at] who.int

Chargée de Communication OMS Bénin Email: akomatsria [at] who.int

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Safari in mid February 2025 in South Africa - Kruger National Park Forum

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Safari in mid February 2025 in South Africa

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Hello, fellow travelers, we are looking at a safari in Mid February staying for 4 nights at Simbambili Game lodge and 3 nights in Beyond Ngala tented camp. A couple of questions for you all-1, what can we expect the safaris trips to be like? How warm and will we see many of the big animals?-2, will we get lots of rain and if so mostly in the PM?-3, even though the tents are air conditioned will the tents be cool enough? Finally, since this is our first trip to SA would you recommend this time frame for these locations and are these nice accommodations? Thank you in advance for your helpful comments.

2 replies to this topic

February can be warm to hot, day and night, and humid. And yes it does rain, but it's not regular afternoon thunderstorms, it's more variable. It can be a belt of rain that comes through over 24 hours with drizzle, or thunderstorms with very heavy but short showers, or rarely a big storm that causes disruption (has happened ~3 times in last 5 years that caused widespread flooding, damage to sand roads). In between you can have several dry days. We've had weeks at over 40°C (over 100°F) and then a cold front comes through with rain and day temps in the 20s (70 F). But generally you should expect it to be hot. While there is air con in the tents I wouldn't expect it to do too much, cool the space but not make it cold. I would be using swimming pools to cool down (sit in it for 30+ mins).

Wildlife in the Kruger NP doesn't migrate, so the same wildlife is in its territory all year, but the grass is taller and mopane shrub in full leaf, so it is more difficult to spot and photo wildlife. But in your lodges your guide and the other guides will know their area, share sightings, and assuming you have trackers they will track for you. So with 7 days you should see plenty of wildlife, I would expect you'll see lion, leopard that timeframe with those lodges, though no guarantees of course. And there's a good chance of wild dog with Ngala although they are still moving around a lot in Feb.

If you can cope with the heat it's an interesting time to travel. However, given the cost if it's a once-in-a-lifetime and if you can go at other times, the dry season has less risk of a disrupted drive, cooler weather, and a bit easier sightings.

Those are great lodges and reserves. Whenever you go you will see wild life. I prefer mid-April to mid-June. It's relatively moderate temperatures and the veld is still green. I prefer some greenery to the browns of winter.

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South Africa introduces ‘univisa’ for these 5 countries to boost tourism

Priya Srivastava , TIMESOFINDIA.COM , TRAVEL TRENDS , SOUTH AFRICA Updated : Jun 3, 2024, 13:55 IST

In a bid to boost tourism, South Africa has introduced ‘univisa’, a unique common visa to facilitate the movement of tourists. As of now, the visa is only available for five countries namely Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. With this, the country wishes to enhance tourism in the region. The visa allows entry into multiple countries within the region.

Angola is a stunning Central African nation offering a beautiful amalgam of stunning landscapes and rich cultural history. Visitors can explore the capital city Luanda's colonial architecture, relax on beautiful beaches, or embark on wildlife safaris in national parks like Quiçama.

Zimbabwe is home to some iconic attractions like Victoria Falls and Zambezi River. The country's rich history is showcased in the Great Zimbabwe Ruins, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. With diverse landscapes ranging from lush forests to rugged mountains, Zimbabwe offers unforgettable experiences for travellers seeking adventure.

Zambia's natural wonders, such as Victoria Falls, one of the largest waterfalls in the world, make it a top destination for travellers. The country's numerous national parks, including South Luangwa and Kafue, offer exceptional safari experiences with abundant wildlife and breathtaking landscapes.

Namibia's ethereal landscapes, including the towering dunes of Sossusvlei and the otherworldly Skeleton Coast, attract adventurers from across the globe. The country's diverse wildlife and rich cultural heritage, exemplified by the indigenous Himba people, offer immersive encounters.

Botswana is a heaven for nature lovers with its vast wilderness areas and abundant wildlife. The Okavango Delta, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, offers unforgettable safaris, while the Kalahari Desert's stark beauty captivates adventurers. Botswana's commitment to eco-tourism ensures sustainable travel experiences, whether camping under the stars or cruising along the Chobe River.

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What to know about South Africa's May 29 elections

Kate Bartlett

A woman wearing a shirt of African Congress for Transformation party looks at other parties' election posters in Sharpeville, South Africa, on March 21. Olympia De Maismont/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

JOHANNESBURG, South Africa — It’s autumn in South Africa, where election season is in full swing and the streets are plastered with campaign posters of smiling politicians promising “A Job In Every Home” or to “Rescue South Africa”.

It is 30 years since the country’s first democratic elections, in which the Black majority were able to vote for the first time, ushering in anti-apartheid hero and global icon Nelson Mandela as president. It was a heady time then, at the advent of the “Rainbow Nation,” and full of optimism

Three decades later, in many ways things have improved. South Africa is a vibrant democracy with a free and fearless press and an independent judiciary. Human rights, including LGBTQ rights, are – unlike in many countries on the continent – enshrined in the constitution.

However, there's also widespread malaise and a palpable sense of disappointment. South Africa is still one of the most unequal countries on earth. Millions live in grinding poverty, and Mandela's old party, the African National Congress (ANC), is widely seen as corrupt and inept.

But a change of political season may be in view. Some pollsters and analysts say these could be the most pivotal elections since those fabled ones in 1994 – with the ANC tipped to get under 50% of the vote for the first time.

African National Congress supporters, one holding a portrait of Nelson Mandela, gather at the Mose Mabhida stadium in Durban, South Africa, Feb. 24, for their national manifesto launch in anticipation of the 2024 general elections. Jerome Delay/AP hide caption

Here’s what you need to know about general elections on May 29.

Who are the main players?

• The ANC and President Cyril Ramaphosa

Despite the governing party's poor recent record, it's guaranteed to get the lion's share of the vote. Many South Africans have a loyalty to the party that's hard to break, given the ANC's storied history as the Struggle movement that brought them freedom.

Older voters and those in rural areas often continue to support the ANC with a resigned "better the devil you know..." attitude to politics. The urban, educated middle class and youth are less inclined to share this attitude.

In the last elections in 2019, the ANC got just under 58% of the vote, down from the 70% it garnered in 2004. This year various polls have showed the ANC getting below 50% for the first time, with some even putting their share of the vote at around just 40% .

That would see them have to enter a coalition with smaller parties, which many political analysts think would help the country's democracy mature. But the latest poll indicates that is not a given, showing that support for the party has grown in recent weeks.

Under the South African system, people vote for members of parliament rather than directly electing a president. Whichever party wins a majority then puts its leader forward as president.

In the ANC's case, current President Cyril Ramaphosa will likely get a second term. Many South Africans were happy when the 71-year-old former trade unionist replaced Jacob Zuma as president in 2018, after Zuma was forced to resign in disgrace amid myriad corruption allegations.

Ramaphosa, whom South Africans simply refer to as "Cyril," is generally regarded as honest. He was a favorite of Nelson Mandela's, helped write the country's progressive constitution, and promised to clean up the rot in the ANC on assuming the presidency.

However, critics say he has been too worried about party unity to take any real action, and has failed to turn the country around.

• The Democratic Alliance and John Steenhuisen

This is South Africa's main opposition party. The DA, as it is known, won 21% of the vote in the last elections. They have been running Cape Town, the country's second biggest city, for years with a respectable track record. The Western Cape tends to function better than ANC-governed provinces in terms of service delivery.

But the DA has one big problem: race. Its leader, John Steenhuisen, is a white man — and given the country's history, many South Africans say they can't bring themselves to vote for what they see as "a white party."

Democratic Alliance party leader Johan Steenhuisen speaks to supporters during a party event on May 9 in Soweto, South Africa. The Democratic Alliance party has mounted a "Rescue South Africa" campaign tour ahead of the country's general election on May 29. Per-Anders Pettersson/Getty Images hide caption

• The Economic Freedom Fighters and Julius Malema

South Africa's third largest opposition party is a radical, left-wing party led by 43-year-old political firebrand Julius Malema. It garnered 11% of the vote in 2019, with populist policies including plans to nationalize all land, banks and mines.

Malema has been in court several times on charges of hate speech, including his penchant for singing a song titled "Kill the Boer (Afrikaner)." The EFF regularly disrupts proceedings in parliament, and has been a thorn in the side of Malema's previous political home, the ANC. The party claims to represent poor Blacks, but its leaders have been known to pair their trademark red berets with Gucci shoes .

• uMkhonto we Sizwe and Jacob Zuma

Known as MK, this party was started just six months ago, but has already been making headlines — mainly because of the person leading it.

Disgraced former President Zuma, a lifelong ANC member bitter at his ousting, shocked his comrades by throwing his support behind this new opposition party in December. To add insult to injury, uMkhonto we Sizwe, which means "Spear of the Nation," was the name of the ANC's armed wing, established by Mandela in the fight against apartheid but since disbanded.

Former South African President Jacob Zuma speaks to his supporters during the launch of the election manifesto of his new political party, uMkhonto we Sizwe, at a rally in Soweto, South Africa, on May 18. Siphiwe Sibeko/Reuters hide caption

The ANC went to court this year in a failed attempt to stop the new party from copying the name, which it argued is part of its legacy and brand. Also in court was the issue of whether Zuma could run with the party. The Constitutional Court declared the week before the vote that he could not, given a previous prison sentence. Under South African law, anyone sentenced to prison cannot run for parliament within five years of that sentence.

Zuma was given 15 months for contempt of court in 2021, but released on medical parole after serving two months. MK has brushed aside the fact Zuma is barred from running, saying he's still the brains behind the party — and its face. Despite the raft of allegations against him, Zuma remains hugely popular in his home state of Kwa-Zulu Natal, which is poised to be a key battlefield in this election.

South Africa's nearly 28 million eligible voters also have myriad other small parties — around 70 — to choose from as well. About 10 opposition parties have formed "a Multi-Party Charter," agreeing to stick together in an attempt to undercut the ANC.

What are the main issues at stake?

• The economy and unemployment

South Africa has seen sluggish growth for a decade, and was hit badly by the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent spike in global prices. The country also has one of the highest rates of unemployment in the world , just under 33%, with youth unemployment at around 44%.

Children play in the Umlazi township in KwaZulu Natal province, South Africa, in February. The Economic Freedom Fighters party launched its election campaign manifesto on Feb. 10. The province is set to be the stage for political contestation for South African elections. Tsvangirayi Mukwazhi/AP hide caption

• The energy crisis and infrastructure

Another factor hurting South Africa's economy is a long-running energy crisis. Until a few weeks ago, the country was experiencing almost daily scheduled blackouts known as " loadshedding" — the government's attempt to ease pressure on the overstretched grid. State-owned power company Eskom has been accused of mismanagement, corruption and failure to maintain aging infrastructure.

Water shortages have also hit parts of the country, with taps sometimes running dry for days.

• Crime and corruption

South Africa has long had notoriously high crime rates, which have been described as being close to war-zone levels . At an emergency sitting of parliament on violent crime and gender-based violence in 2019 President Ramaphosa talked of a "dark and heavy shadow across our land. Women and children are under siege."

More than 7,000 people were murdered in the country in the third quarter of 2023, according to police statistics , and some 12,000 rapes were reported in the same period.

Corruption is also a major concern of many voters. Zuma is accused of what's known as "state capture" during his almost two terms in office — allowing powerful businessmen friends to exploit state resources and influence policy.

A Gauteng Traffic Warden searches a man during an operation with members of Growing Gauteng Together 2030 as they search for illegal firearms and drugs in Diepkloof, Soweto, South Africa, on April 26. The recently established GGT2030 is an alliance of multiple private security companies working together to support the South African Police Services in their efforts to combat crime. Shiraaz Mohamed/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

• Immigration

This month, Human Rights Watch warned many South African politicians were using dangerous, xenophobic rhetoric in their campaigning in the run-up to the polls. As the most developed economy on the continent, South Africa is a popular destination for economic migrants from other African countries. Many South Africans blame migrants for everything from taking their jobs to bringing drugs into their communities. There have been periodic violent attacks on foreign African nationals.

• The Youth Vote

South Africa has a young population and a lot of first-time voters. Members of Gen Z never knew the horrors of apartheid and so don’t have an ingrained loyalty to the ANC. In 2019, however, there was apathy among young voters, who failed to turn out. But if youth come out in their numbers this year, analysts and political commentators say it could be a game-changer.

• South Africa

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• Section 2 - Interactions Between Travel Vaccines & Drugs
• Section 2 - Travelers’ Diarrhea

Yellow Fever Vaccine & Malaria Prevention Information, by Country

Cdc yellow book 2024.

Author(s): Mark Gershman, Rhett Stoney (Yellow Fever) Holly Biggs, Kathrine Tan (Malaria)

The following pages present country-specific information on yellow fever (YF) vaccine requirements and recommendations, and malaria transmission information and prevention recommendations. Country-specific maps are included to aid in interpreting the information. The information in this chapter was accurate at the time of publication; however, it is subject to change at any time due to changes in disease transmission or, in the case of YF, changing entry requirements for travelers. Updated information reflecting changes since publication can be found in the online version of this book and on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Travelers’ Health website. Recommendations for prevention of other travel-associated illnesses can also be found on the CDC Travelers’ Health website .

Yellow Fever Vaccine

Entry requirements.

Entry requirements for proof of YF vaccination under the International Health Regulations (IHR) differ from CDC’s YF vaccination recommendations. Under the IHR, countries are permitted to establish YF vaccine entry requirements to prevent the importation and transmission of YF virus within their boundaries. Certain countries require proof of vaccination from travelers arriving from all countries ( Table 5-25 ); some countries require proof of vaccination only for travelers above a certain age coming from countries with risk for YF virus transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines areas with risk for YF virus transmission as countries or areas where YF virus activity has been reported currently or in the past, and where vectors and animal reservoirs exist.

Unless issued a medical waiver by a yellow fever vaccine provider, travelers must comply with entry requirements for proof of vaccination against YF.

WHO publishes a list of YF vaccine country entry requirements and recommendations for international travelers approximately annually. But because entry requirements are subject to change at any time, health care professionals and travelers should refer to the online version of this book and the CDC Travelers’ Health website for any updates before departure.

CDC Recommendations

CDC’s YF vaccine recommendations are guidance intended to protect travelers from acquiring YF virus infections during international travel. These recommendations are based on a classification system for destination-specific risk for YF virus transmission: endemic, transitional, low potential for exposure, and no risk ( Table 2-08 ). CDC recommends YF vaccination for travel to areas classified as having endemic or transitional risk (Maps 5-10 and 5-11 ). Because of changes in YF virus circulation, however, recommendations can change; therefore, before departure, travelers and clinicians should check CDC’s destination pages for up-to-date YF vaccine information.

Duration of Protection

In 2015, the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices published a recommendation that 1 dose of YF vaccine provides long-lasting protection and is adequate for most travelers. The recommendation also identifies specific groups of travelers who should receive additional doses, and others for whom additional doses should be considered (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 26, Yellow Fever ). In July 2016, WHO officially amended the IHR to stipulate that a completed International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis is valid for the lifetime of the vaccinee, and YF vaccine booster doses are not necessary. Moreover, countries cannot require proof of revaccination (booster) against YF as a condition of entry, even if the traveler’s last vaccination was >10 years ago.

Ultimately, when deciding whether to vaccinate travelers, clinicians should take into account destination-specific risks for YF virus infection, and individual risk factors (e.g., age, immune status) for serious YF vaccine–associated adverse events, in the context of the entry requirements. See Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 26, Yellow Fever , for a full discussion of YF disease and vaccination guidance.

Table 2-08 Yellow fever (YF) vaccine recommendation categories 1

Malaria prevention.

The following recommendations to protect travelers from malaria were developed using the best available data from multiple sources. Countries are not required to submit malaria surveillance data to CDC. On an ongoing basis, CDC actively solicits data from multiple sources, including WHO (main and regional offices); national malaria control programs; international organizations; CDC overseas offices; US military; academic, research, and aid organizations; and the published scientific literature. The reliability and accuracy of those data are also assessed.

If the information is available, trends in malaria incidence and other data are considered in the context of malaria control activities within a given country or other mitigating factors (e.g., natural disasters, wars, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic) that can affect the ability to control malaria or accurately count and report it. Factors such as the volume of travel to that country and the number of acquired cases reported in the US surveillance system are also examined. In developing its recommendations, CDC considers areas within countries where malaria transmission occurs, substantial occurrences of antimalarial drug resistance, the proportions of species present, and the available malaria prophylaxis options.

Clinicians should use these recommendations in conjunction with an individual risk assessment and consider not only the destination but also the detailed itinerary, including specific cities, types of accommodations, season, and style of travel, as well as special health conditions (e.g., pregnancy). Several medications are available for malaria prophylaxis. When deciding which drug to use, consider the itinerary and length of trip, travelers’ previous adverse reactions to antimalarials, drug allergies, medical history, and drug costs. For a thorough discussion of malaria and guidance for prophylaxis, see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 16, Malaria .

South Africa

Entry requirements : Required for travelers ≥1 year old arriving from countries with risk for YF virus transmission; this includes >12-hour airport transits or layovers in countries with risk for YF virus transmission. 1

CDC recommendations : Not recommended

• Along the border with Mozambique and Zimbabwe
• KwaZulu-Natal Province: uMkhanyakude District; the districts of King Cetshwayo and Zululand (few cases) Limpopo Province: the districts of Mopani and Vhembe; the districts of Capricorn, Greater Sekhukhune, and Waterberg (few cases)
• Mpumalanga Province: Ehlanzeni District
• Kruger National Park
• Chloroquine
• P. falciparum (primarily)
• P. malariae , P. ovale , and P. vivax (less commonly)
• KwaZulu-Natal Province (uMkhanyakude District); Limpopo Province (the districts of Mopani and Vhembe); Mpumalanga Province (Ehlanzeni District); and Kruger National Park: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine 3
• All other areas with malaria transmission (including the districts of King Cetshwayo and Zululand in KwaZulu-Natal Province, and the districts of Capricorn, Greater Sekhukhune, and Waterberg in Limpopo Province): No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions and mosquito avoidance only) 4

Related Maps

Map 2-15 malaria prevention in south africa, other vaccines to consider.

See Health Information for Travelers to South Africa .

View Larger

1 Current as of November 2022. This is an update of the 2010 map created by the Informal WHO Working Group on the Geographic Risk of Yellow Fever.

2 Refers to Plasmodium falciparum malaria, unless otherwise noted.

3 Tafenoquine can cause potentially life-threatening hemolysis in people with glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Rule out G6PD deficiency with a quantitative laboratory test before prescribing tafenoquine to patients.

4 Mosquito avoidance includes applying topical mosquito repellant, sleeping under an insecticide-treated mosquito net, and wearing protective clothing (e.g., long pants and socks, long-sleeve shirt). For additional details on insect bite precautions, see Sec. 4, Ch. 6, Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods.

5 Primaquine can cause potentially life-threatening hemolysis in people with G6PD deficiency. Rule out G6PD deficiency with a quantitative laboratory test before prescribing primaquine to patients.

6 P. knowlesi is a malaria species with a simian (macaque) host. Human cases have been reported from most countries in Southwest Asia and are associated with activities in forest or forest-fringe areas. P. knowlesi has no known resistance to antimalarials.

Yellow Fever Maps

2 In 2017, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) expanded its YF vaccination recommendations for travelers going to Brazil because of a large YF outbreak in multiple states in that country. Please refer to the CDC  Travelers’ Health website for more information and updated recommendations.

3 YF vaccination is generally not recommended for travel to areas where the potential for YF virus exposure is low. Vaccination might be considered, however, for a small subset of travelers going to these areas who are at increased risk for exposure to YF virus due to prolonged travel, heavy exposure to mosquitoes, or inability to avoid mosquito bites. Factors to consider when deciding whether to vaccinate a traveler include destination-specific and travel-associated risks for YF virus infection; individual, underlying risk factors for having a serious YF vaccine–associated adverse event; and destination entry requirements.

The following authors contributed to the previous version of this chapter: Mark D. Gershman, Emily S. Jentes, Rhett J. Stoney (Yellow Fever) Kathrine R. Tan, Paul M. Arguin (Malaria)

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