push notifications on safari

How to enable Safari push notifications on iPhone or iPad

iOS 16.4 lets you optionally receive Safari push notifications, but the process isn't straightforward.

iPhone users can add websites to their iOS 17 home screens as progressive web apps, and essentially turn sites into standalone apps. However, there are a few features typically reserved for iOS apps, and one of those is push notifications. If you do want to receive push notifications from a website, there is a workaround in the Settings app that involves flipping a WebKit flag. This gives web apps the ability to send push notifications through Safari, as long as the website natively supports browser notifications. Although Apple announced this functionality in 2022 and shipped it in 2023, it's still considered an experimental feature, so you'll have to follow the steps below to use them.

iOS 17 review: The bubble is now greener on the other side

How to enable push notifications in safari.

If you have a recent iPhone , or an iPad running version 16.4 or later, you can follow the steps below to enable Safari push notifications for specific websites. By doing so, you will receive alerts similar to those of native iOS apps, helping you know when your favorite websites publish timely content.

1. Open the Settings app on iOS 17.

2. Scroll down to the Safari tab, and tap on it.

3. Find the Advanced tab at the bottom of the screen and press it.

4. Tap the Feature Flags tab.

5. You will see a long list of WebKit flags organized in alphabetical order. Look for Notifications and flip the toggle them on.

How to add a website to your iOS Home Screen

After that, you'll need to manually add each website you'd like to receive notifications from to your Home Screen. Here's how:

1. Launch the Safari app and visit the website you'd like to receive push notifications from.

2. Tap on the Share button in the middle of the bottom bar

3. Choose Add to Home Screen .

4. Optionally rename the web app, then tap Add in the top right corner.

5. It will now appear on your Home Screen as a native app. Launch the newly-added web app.

6. Find the website's notifications settings and enable push notifications.

7. iOS will ask for your permission to enable them. Tap Allow to finish.

Now, the web app will be able to notify you as long as you keep it on your Home Screen. If you delete it, then the permission is revoked automatically, and you won't be able to receive alerts from it until you add it again.

Should you use push notifications from websites on iPhone?

As you can see, the process to enable Safari push notifications on iOS and iPadOS is more complex when compared to macOS because you need to add the web app to the Home Screen for it to work. On new Macs , you can just allow or deny website permissions without needing to bookmark them in any way. Regardless, it can be done now on newer versions of iOS 16 or later. It's useful, but be sure to choose wisely which websites you give access to notifications in Safari. If you give permission to the wrong website, your iPhone could quickly be cluttered with spam.

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Safari User Guide

• Change your homepage
• Import bookmarks, history, and passwords
• Make Safari your default web browser
• Go to websites
• Find what you’re looking for
• Bookmark webpages that you want to revisit
• See your favorite websites
• Use tabs for webpages
• Pin frequently visited websites
• Play web videos
• Mute audio in tabs
• Pay with Apple Pay
• Autofill credit card info
• Autofill contact info
• Keep a Reading List
• Hide ads when reading articles
• Translate a webpage
• Download items from the web
• Share or post webpages
• Add passes to Wallet
• Save part or all of a webpage
• Print or create a PDF of a webpage
• Customize a start page
• Customize the Safari window
• Customize settings per website
• Zoom in on webpages
• Get extensions
• Manage cookies and website data
• Block pop-ups
• Clear your browsing history
• Browse privately
• Autofill user name and password info
• Prevent cross-site tracking
• View a Privacy Report
• Change Safari preferences
• Keyboard and other shortcuts
• Troubleshooting

Customize website notifications in Safari on Mac

If you let websites send you notifications, each notification appears in the top-right corner of your screen. You get notifications from websites even if they’re not open—and even if Safari isn’t open.

Open Safari for me

Use Siri suggestions

If you let Siri make suggestions in Safari , and you book an event on a website, such as a dinner reservation, you can quickly add it to Calendar.

Accept a Siri suggestion: Click the notification to review the event, then click Add to Calendar.

Respond to a notification from a website

Click the notification to go to the site.

See all of your recent notifications

Click the date or time at the right end of the menu bar, or swipe left with two fingers from the right edge of your trackpad, then click Notifications.

If you’re away from your Mac, you can see all the notifications you missed when you get back.

Change preferences for notifications

Stop receiving notifications from a website: Choose Safari > Preferences, click Websites, then click Notifications. Find the website in the list, then select Deny.

Open Notifications preferences for me

Stop seeing requests for permission to send you notifications in Safari: Choose Safari > Preferences, click Websites, then click Notifications. Deselect “Allow websites to ask for permission to send push notifications.”

From now on, when you visit a website that wants to send you notifications, you aren’t asked.

Open Siri preferences for me

iOS 16 enables web push notifications and extension syncing with Safari update

iOS 16 was announced today at WWDC 2022 with several new features, including a completely redesigned lock screen with widgets and enhancements to several system apps. Specifically speaking about Safari, Apple’s web browser will now support web push notifications, extension syncing, and more with the update.

One of the biggest complaints about the iOS version of Safari is that it lacks push notifications for web apps, so websites are unable to notify a user if they’re running Safari in the background – although this is already possible on the Mac.

Now with iOS 16, this will become a reality. The first signs of push notifications for web apps appeared in iOS 15.4 , but the feature never worked since it was labeled as “experimental.” Now, according to Apple’s website , iOS 16 and iPadOS 16 will finally enable web push notifications – but there’s a catch.

Apple says the feature will come in 2023 with a future update of iOS 16, so it won’t be available at launch. At least the company has now finally confirmed that it is working on web push notifications.

Apple’s web browser is also getting extension syncing support, so that you can have the same extensions enabled on your iPhone, iPad, and Mac. It also supports image translation using Live Text, new password settings for websites, and shared Tab Groups. iOS 16 also adds FIDO support to Safari , so users can sign-in with Touch ID or Face ID instead of an alphanumeric password.

Developers can now download the first beta of iOS 16 via the  Apple Developer website . A public beta version will be available next month with the official release expected this fall.

More about iOS 16

• Apple debuts iOS 16 with customizable lock screen, Messages updates, more
• Get iOS 16: Here’s how to install the beta
• iOS 16 brings haptic feedback to the iPhone’s keyboard for the first time
• You can finally lock your hidden photos album with Touch ID or Face ID in iOS 16

FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More.

Check out 9to5Mac on YouTube for more Apple news:

Filipe Espósito is a Brazilian tech Journalist who started covering Apple news on iHelp BR with some exclusive scoops — including the reveal of the new Apple Watch Series 5 models in titanium and ceramic. He joined 9to5Mac to share even more tech news around the world.

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Safari Push Notifications: How to Set Up and Use on iOS Safari

X2 Private Limited

14 min read

Understanding Safari Push Notifications

Working mechanism of safari notifications, setting up safari notifications on mac, safari push notifications on ipados, user experience with safari push notifications, developing safari push notifications, enhancements and updates in safari push notifications, focus mode and safari notifications, troubleshooting safari push notifications.

Safari Push Notifications are a feature that allows websites to send notifications to users even when they are not actively using the website. This feature is available on iOS Safari and Mac Safari and can be enabled by users who wish to receive notifications from their favourite websites. Safari Push Notifications are similar to push notifications for apps and display the website icon and notification text, which users can click to go directly to the website.

Enabling Safari Push Notifications on iOS Safari is a simple process that involves adding the website to the home screen and granting permission for notifications. Once enabled, users can receive notifications from websites even when Safari is not running. This feature is particularly useful for websites that provide real-time updates such as news websites, social media platforms , and e-commerce websites.

iOS Safari Push Notifications have been a highly requested feature for some time, and Apple has been working to improve the functionality of this feature in recent updates. With the release of iOS 16, web push notifications were enabled, allowing websites to send notifications to users even when they are not actively using Safari. This update has made Safari Push Notifications more useful and relevant to users, and it is expected that more websites will adopt this feature in the future.

Safari Push Notifications are a way for websites to send notifications directly to users' Mac desktops, even when Safari isn't running. These notifications work similarly to push notifications for apps, displaying the website icon and notification text that users can click to go right to the website.

Safari Push Notifications are triggered remotely via the Apple Push Notification Service (APNs), an Apple-exclusive technology. They are delivered to customers when Safari is not open. Local notifications, on the other hand, are set by a W3C standard and triggered locally using JavaScript.

To enable Safari Push Notifications on newer versions of iOS 16 and iPadOS 16, users must first give permission to receive notifications from the website. Once permission is granted, the website can send notifications to users even when they are not currently browsing the site.

It is important to note that if a website fails to present push notifications to the user immediately after the service worker receives them, Safari may revoke the push notification permission for the site. Therefore, it is crucial for websites to ensure that push notifications are delivered promptly.

In addition to Safari Push Notifications, there are other types of push notifications available, such as web push notifications. These notifications are available on other browsers and platforms, not just Safari. They work similarly to Safari Push Notifications, allowing websites to send notifications to users' devices even when the website is not open.

Overall, Safari Push Notifications are a powerful tool for websites to engage with their users and keep them up-to-date with the latest content and updates. By using this technology, websites can increase user engagement and drive traffic to their site.

Safari notifications are a type of push notification that allows website owners to send notifications to their users even when Safari is not running. These notifications work in a similar way to push notifications for apps and display the website icon and notification text. Users can click on the notification to go directly to the website.

Safari notifications are made possible by the Push API and Notifications API. The Push API is used to subscribe users to receive notifications from a website. When a user subscribes, a unique endpoint is created for that user. This endpoint is used by the website to send notifications to the user.

The Notifications API is used to display the notification to the user. When a notification is received, it is displayed on the user's device. The notification can include an icon, title, message, and action buttons. The user can click on the notification to perform the action specified by the website.

Safari notifications are delivered using the Apple Push Notification service (APNs). When a website sends a notification, it is first sent to the APNs. The APNs then delivers the notification to the user's device. This ensures that the notification is delivered securely and reliably.

To use Safari notifications, website owners need to have a valid SSL certificate and create a push package. The push package contains the website's icon, website URL, and other information needed to send notifications. Once the push package is created, website owners can use the Push API and Notifications API to subscribe users and send notifications.

In summary, Safari notifications are a powerful tool for website owners to engage with their users. They are made possible by the Push API and Notifications API and delivered using the Apple Push Notification service. Website owners can use Safari notifications to send timely and relevant notifications to their users, even when Safari is not running.

Setting Up Safari Notifications on iOS

Safari push notifications are a great way to keep users informed about new content or updates on a website, even when they are not currently browsing the site. Here's how to set up Safari notifications on iOS devices:

• First, ensure that the device is running iOS 14 or later. To check the version, go to Settings > General > About > Software Version.
• Open the Safari app and navigate to the website that you want to receive notifications from.
• Tap the "AA" icon in the top left corner of the screen, then select "Website Settings" from the drop-down menu.
• Scroll down to the "Notifications" section and ensure that the toggle switch next to "Allow Notifications" is turned on.
• You can also customize the notification settings for this website by tapping on "Notification Settings" and adjusting the options as desired. For example, you can choose to receive notifications silently or with a sound, and you can also choose whether to show notifications on the lock screen or in the notification center.
• Once you have configured the settings to your liking, tap "Done" to save the changes.

It's important to note that Safari push notifications are only available on devices running iOS 16.4 or later. Additionally, some older websites may not support push notifications, so it's always a good idea to check with the site owner or developer to ensure that the feature is available.

Overall, setting up Safari notifications on iOS is a straightforward process that can greatly enhance the user experience for websites that support this feature. By following these simple steps, users can stay up-to-date with their favourite sites and never miss out on important updates or content.

Safari Push Notifications are a great way to stay up-to-date with your favourite websites without constantly checking them. Here's how to set up Safari Notifications on your Mac:

• Open Safari and navigate to the website you want to receive notifications from.
• Click on the "Safari" menu in the top left corner of your screen and select "Preferences."
• Click on the "Websites" tab at the top of the window.
• Scroll down to the "Notifications" section and click on the website you want to receive notifications from.
• Select "Allow" from the drop-down menu next to "When visiting other websites."
• You can also choose to customize the notification settings for each website, including the alert style and sound.

Once you've allowed notifications for a website, you'll start receiving notifications whenever there's new content or updates available. You can manage all of your notification settings by going to the "Notifications" section in your Mac's System Preferences.

It's important to note that not all websites offer Safari Push Notifications, and some may require you to subscribe or sign up to receive them. Additionally, if you ever want to stop receiving notifications from a website, simply go back to the "Websites" tab in Safari Preferences and select "Deny" from the drop-down menu next to the website.

In summary, setting up Safari Notifications on your Mac is a quick and easy process that can help keep you informed and up-to-date with your favorite websites. Just remember to customize your notification settings to your liking and be mindful of which websites you allow notifications from.

Safari Push Notifications are a great way for website owners to keep their users informed about new content or updates. With Safari Push Notifications, users can receive notifications on their iPadOS device, even when Safari is not running.

To enable Safari Push Notifications on iPadOS, users need to first subscribe to the website's notifications. This can be done by visiting the website and clicking on the "Allow" button when prompted to receive notifications. Once subscribed, users can manage their notifications preferences by going to the Safari settings on their iPadOS device.

It is important to note that Safari Push Notifications are only available on iPadOS 16.4 or later. To send web push notifications, website owners need to update their webpage to subscribe users and handle notifications and update their server to send push notifications.

Overall, Safari Push Notifications provide a convenient way for website owners to keep their users informed about new content or updates. With iPadOS 16.4 or later, users can receive notifications on their devices, even when Safari is not running.

Safari Push Notifications provide a seamless user experience that allows website owners to engage with their users even when they are not actively browsing their site. These notifications are delivered directly to the user's desktop or mobile device, allowing them to stay up-to-date with the latest news, promotions, and events.

When a user receives a Safari Push Notification, they will see a banner notification on their screen. The banner will display the website's icon and notification text, which the user can click to go directly to the website. The notification will also be added to the Notification Center, where the user can view it later.

In addition to the banner notification, users can also receive Safari Push Notifications on their Home Screen and Lock Screen. On the Home Screen, users can add a website to their device's home screen, which will display the website's icon and notification text. On the Lock Screen, users can see a preview of the notification, which they can swipe to view or dismiss.

Safari Push Notifications also work with Siri Suggestions, allowing website owners to provide personalized recommendations to their users. Siri can suggest websites based on the user's browsing history, location, and other factors. When a user taps on a Siri suggestion, they will be taken directly to the website.

Overall, Safari Push Notifications provide a convenient and effective way for website owners to engage with their users and keep them informed of the latest news and updates. With their seamless user experience and integration with other iOS features, Safari Push Notifications are a valuable tool for any website owner looking to improve their user engagement.

Developers can enable Safari push notifications on their web pages and web apps using the Push API, Notifications API, and Service Workers. With Safari push notifications, users can receive notifications even when their Safari browser is not running.

To send web push notifications, developers need to update their webpage to subscribe users and handle notifications and update their server to send push notifications. Developers can use the Apple Push Notifications Service to send notifications to their website users, right on their Mac desktop.

Safari push notifications work just like push notifications for apps. They display the website icon and notification text, which users can click to go right to the website. Siri can also provide suggestions to users in search, News, Safari, and other apps using on-device information that the app contributes through the Notifications API.

Developers can add web push to the following:

• Home Screen web apps in iOS 16.4 or later
• Webpages in Safari 16 for macOS 13 or later

Developers can generate remote notifications from a server that they manage using Push API code that works in Safari and other browsers.

To get started with developing Safari push notifications, developers can refer to the Apple Developer Documentation and the WWDC22 video on Web Push for Safari.

In summary, developers can use the Push API, Notifications API, and Service Workers to enable Safari push notifications on their web pages and web apps. By updating their webpage and server, developers can send notifications to their website users, right on their Mac desktop.

Safari Push Notifications have been enhanced and updated in recent years to provide a better user experience. At the WWDC 2022 event, Apple announced several new features, including a completely redesigned lock screen with widgets and enhancements to several system apps, including Safari. These enhancements have made it easier for website owners to send push notifications to their users.

One of the most significant enhancements to Safari Push Notifications is the ability to send web push notifications. This feature was introduced in iOS 16 and allows website owners to send push notifications to their users even when Safari isn't running. Users can click on the notification to go directly to the website.

Another enhancement is the ability to sync Safari extensions across devices. This is particularly useful for users who use Safari on multiple devices. With extension syncing, users can easily access their favorite extensions on any device.

Safari Push Notifications have also been updated to support Wing, Apple's new augmented reality platform. With Wing, users can receive push notifications that are relevant to their location. For example, users can receive push notifications about nearby restaurants or events.

In addition, Safari Push Notifications have been updated to support Maps. With Maps integration, users can receive push notifications about traffic conditions, nearby points of interest, and more. This feature is particularly useful for users who are travelling or exploring a new city.

Overall, the enhancements and updates to Safari Push Notifications have made it easier for website owners to send push notifications to their users and for users to receive relevant notifications. These updates have also made Safari a more powerful and versatile browser.

Focus Mode is a feature introduced in iOS 15 that allows users to customize their notification settings based on their current activity or location. This feature can be accessed through the Settings app and enables users to create custom Focus Modes such as Personal, Work, or Sleep.

When a user enables Focus Mode, notifications from certain apps or people can be silenced or allowed, depending on the user's preferences. Users can also choose to have their Focus Mode turn on automatically at certain times or when they are in a specific location.

​ Safari Notifications can also be customized through the Settings app. Users can choose to receive notifications from specific websites or disable them altogether. Additionally, users can customize the appearance and sound of Safari Notifications to better suit their preferences.

Enabling Safari Push Notifications requires users to visit a website and add it to their Home Screen. Once added, users can receive push notifications from the website even when Safari is closed. This feature can be useful for receiving important updates or notifications from websites without having to constantly check them manually.

Overall, the combination of Focus Mode and Safari Notifications provides users with greater control over their notification settings and can help reduce distractions and interruptions throughout the day.

Sometimes, Safari push notifications may not work as intended. Here are some common issues and solutions to troubleshoot Safari push notifications:

Permissions

If a user accidentally denies permission for a website to send push notifications, they won't receive any notifications from that website. To fix this, the user can go to Safari settings and allow notifications for that website. Alternatively, the website can prompt the user to allow notifications again.

Sometimes, a website may not be configured correctly to send push notifications. The website owner should check their code and make sure they are using the correct APIs and certificates. Apple provides a demo of how to send Safari push notifications on their developer website.

If the website owner is still having trouble, they can post on Apple's developer forums to get help from other developers and Apple engineers. The forums are a great resource for troubleshooting Safari push notifications and other development issues.

It's also possible that the user's device is experiencing issues with notifications in general. In this case, the user can try restarting their device or checking their notification settings to make sure they are correctly configured.

Overall, Safari push notifications can be a powerful tool for engaging with users and providing timely updates. By following best practices and troubleshooting any issues that arise, website owners can ensure that their push notifications are effective and helpful to users.

#pushnotificationservices

#social media marketing

#brandawareness

#brandrecognition

#safari notifications

#SafariPushNotifications

Truepush is a web push notification tool that allows website owners and marketers to send real-time push notifications to their website visitors

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New Safari features will make iPhone web apps feel more like native apps

Apple’s Safari browser in iOS and iPadOS 16.4 is gaining support for features like web push notifications, making iPhone web apps work more like native apps.

The browser now supports new technologies like web push notifications to improve the experience of using Progressive Web Apps (aka web apps) on the iPhone.

Apple also has relaxed some of the restrictions related to third-party browsers, which are now permitted to add web apps to the Home Screen.

Safari is adopting several new web features

• Safari will support push notifications from web apps such as Google Maps, Uber and Instagram. Once approved, web notifications will show up in the Notification Center and on the Lock Screen, just like notifications from native apps.
• Third-party web browsers like Google Chrome can now add web apps to the Home Screen. Before iOS 16.4, only Safari could do that.
• Extension syncing will ensure you use the same Safari extensions on your iPhone, iPad and Mac, making the user experience more consistent.

Web push notifications

Web apps won’t be permitted to send you notifications without permission. Web notifications will only work for web apps you’ve added to your Home Screen. Furthermore, web developers must explicitly enable support for this feature.

Additionally, you’ll need to turn on notifications in the web app’s settings and respond positively to a prompt asking whether you’d like to allow notifications.

Brady Eidson and Jen Simmons, WebKit blog :

A web app that has been added to the Home Screen can request permission to receive push notifications as long as that request is in response to direct user interaction—such as tapping on a Subscribe button provided by the web app. iOS or iPadOS will prompt the user to give the web app permission to send notifications.

From that moment, notifications from said web app will appear in the Notification Center, Daily Summaries, on the Lock Screen and your paired Apple Watch alongside notifications from native apps (this is already supported on macOS).

Web apps will display the number of unread notifications on icon badge, just like native apps. You’ll be able to manage web notifications and how they appear in your notification settings, just like you would notifications for native apps.

You will also be able to filter web notifications using Focus modes.

Adding web apps to the Home Screen

With iOS 16.4, you can add a web app to the Home Screen using a third-party browser like Chrome. Before iOS 16.4, only Safari could add a web app to the Home Screen. You’ll choose Add to Home Screen from the share sheet, which will bring up an interface to add a web app to your Home Screen.

Saving a web app to the Home Screen ensures it launches in fullscreen, with no browser interface visible. Another significant change: Such web apps will launch in the third-party browser that added them to the Home Screen.

Previously, these things opened exclusively in Safari.

Developers can even provide an iOS-sized icon for their web app to appear on the Home Screen. Yet another exciting change: you can add multiple instances of the same app to the Home Screen.

iPhone web apps are about to become much more powerful

Summing up, Safari in iOS 16.4 and iPadOS 16.4 has adopted several web technologies, including the Push API, Notifications API, Badging API, WebCodecs API, Screen Wake Lock API, Import Maps, Media Queries, Service Workers, additional codecs for video processing (AV1), device orientation APIs and more.

The move will make web apps on the iPhone behave much more like their native counterparts. Web apps will be able to automatically adapt their interface between portrait and landscape modes, prevent your device from going to sleep when using a web app, and more. All told, there are 135 new features for Safari in iOS 16.4.

Useful Safari tutorials

• How to fix Safari tabs disappearing on iPad and iPhone
• How to show the full URL in the Safari address bar
• How to pin tabs in Safari on iPhone, iPad and Mac
• How to download videos from Safari on iPhone
• How to customize Safari on iPhone and iPad

Tutorial: How to Send Web Push Notifications in iOS Safari

A live demo can be found at ios-push-notifications-main-adamjberg.engram.sh . If you need a quick and easy way to deploy a website, check out engram .

The final code for this tutorial can be found here .

The day is finally here. Web push for web apps on iOS and iPadOS will be made available in iOS 16.4. If you are impatient like me, you can get access to the iOS 16.4 Beta by signing up for the Apple Beta Software Program . iOS 16.4 is expected to be released in March 2023, so you shouldn’t have to wait much longer to get access to this newly added functionality.

Apple didn’t provide a whole lot of information as to how to actually get this working, so I’ve gone through the effort of figuring it out put together the smallest example possible to get going. The first part covers creating a notification using the Notification API exclusively from the client side. The next section will build off of that and show how to trigger a notification from a backend nodejs server.

Client Side Notifications

We start with a very basic html page to load up our script and manifest files and a button that will trigger the notification permission request. Safari requires user interaction in order to request this permission.

site.webmanifest

The notifications only work when your website is added to a user’s home screen. This webmanifest file is a basic start that you can fill in with the required details for your application. If you have an icon you’d like to use, you can use this favicon generator to create the required icon sizes and web manifest file.

First we register a service worker (this is required by iOS Safari to send notifications). Then we set up a click listener on the subscribe button. On click, we request permission to send the user notifications. If the user grants access, we can immediately test the notification by calling registration.showNotification .

Create serviceworker.js File

It can be completely empty for now. Just needs to exist in order to meet the service worker requirements.

Testing This on Your Device

Enabling the notifications feature in ios 16.4 safari beta.

I struggled for a while to figure out why these notifications weren’t working. While this is in beta, it seems like Notifications are turned off in Safari by default. You can enable them by going to Settings > Safari > Advanced > Experimental Features. Scroll down to “Notifications” and turn the toggle to on if it is not already on. I suspect this will be defaulted to on when iOS 16.4 is officially released, but if you are trying this out with the beta, it is likely you will need to perform this step.

HTTPS Connection

Testing this on a real device requires an https connection. You will need to deploy your code in some way that allows it to be accessed from your phone with an https connection.

You can find a live example running here . Pressing the subscribe button won’t do anything if you just have the page opened from your browser. You will first need to click the share button and then “Add to Home Screen”. Open the app that now shows on your home screen and press the subscribe button. The app will ask for permission to send notifications and once granted immediately send the test notification.

Server Side Push Notifications

Create express application, install required dependencies, generate vapid keys.

This will generate something like:

Create .env File

Copy the public and private keys and paste them in a .env file. The web-push also requires an email address, so add this as well.

I’ve boiled this down to the bare minimum, but it is likely you will have some concept of a database and need to store subscriptions specific to users, etc. This basic API allows the client side to subscribe to notifications by POSTing to /save-subscription and then a notification can be triggered by making a GET request to /send-notification .

Update index.js

Update serviceworker.js.

Finally we add an event listener in the service worker to detect when a message has been pushed. We pull off the title and body and call the same showNotification function used above.

This announcement is a big step for Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) on iOS. Notifications were probably the number one cited reason companies reached for a native application. Despite the plethora of news articles about this announcement, I couldn’t find a single up to date resource on how to actually implement this. So hopefully the time I spent putting this together saves you some time on the topic.

https://web.dev/push-notifications-subscribing-a-user

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iOS 16.4 will let web apps on your homescreen send push notifications

I’ll probably be turning them off, but at least they’ll be an option..

By Jay Peters , a news editor who writes about technology, video games, and virtual worlds. He’s submitted several accepted emoji proposals to the Unicode Consortium.

Share this story

Apple’s new iOS and iPadOS 16.4 betas will let Safari web apps on your homescreen send you push notifications, according to a new post on the WebKit blog .

As far back as the first iPhone, you’ve been able to add a shortcut to websites to your homescreen represented as app-like icons, but the web apps haven’t been able to send you notifications or show notification badges. With iOS and iPadOS 16.4, however, that will change.

Here’s how the push notifications will work, according to the blog post by Brady Eidson and Jen Simmons — though it sounds a lot like how they work with native apps already:

A web app that has been added to the Home Screen can request permission to receive push notifications as long as that request is in response to direct user interaction — such as tapping on a ‘subscribe’ button provided by the web app. iOS or iPadOS will prompt the user to give the web app permission to send notifications. The user can then manage those permissions per web app in Notifications Settings — just like any other app on iPhone and iPad. The notifications from web apps work exactly like notifications from other apps. They show on the Lock Screen, in Notification Center, and on a paired Apple Watch.

Web apps will also be able to set a notification badge count, according to the blog, and the notifications will support Focus modes, too. And if you have multiple versions of a web app on your homescreen, they can have different settings, which might be useful to help separate personal and work use, for example. I’m personally glad we can manage the notifications on a per-web-app basis; that should make it a lot easier to keep them under control.

These web push notification changes were actually promised quite a long time ago, as Apple first announced web push notifications were on the way back at WWDC 2022 in June . That said, like on desktop, I don’t think I’ll be turning on any web push notifications — I already have turned most of my notifications for native apps off.

It’s not just Safari that’s getting some web app improvements: starting with iOS and iPadOS 16.4, you can save websites and apps from third-party browsers to your homescreen, too.

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Enable Safari Push Notifications on iOS: Step-by-Step Guide

Last updated on apr 18, 2024.

Push notifications are the most efficient and fastest way for publishers to reach out to their readers. These notifications have been pretty straightforward to enable and access on the desktop and on Android smartphones. However, iOS didn’t offer this ability. Things have changed now and Apple has introduced Safari push notifications in iOS 16.4 .

So, why should you care you ask? A significant chunk of website visitors use an Apple iPhone, and can now be reached via push notifications . According to StatCounter, iPhones account for 28% market share globally, now that’s a healthy chunk of the audience you can reach out to. If you are a US-based news publisher, the metrics are completely different. In the US, iOS accounts for over a whopping 56% market share followed by Android at 42%. If iPhone users are a sizeable chunk of your audience, here is how you can help them receive push notifications on their smartphones.

Enabling Safari Push Notifications on iOS

If you want to reach out to your audience on iOS devices such as the iPhone and the iPad, you will need them to enable Push API in Safari settings and then add your website to their home screen. I’ll break this down into two steps.

Enable Push API on Safari

For readers to receive push notifications they need to enable the Push API toggle in Safari settings. This is a one-time step and isn’t required to be done for every website.

• Go to Settings  and then scroll down to Safari .
• Click Advanced  and then Experimental Features
• The reader has to switch on the Push API  toggle.

• The reader must use the Safari browser on an Apple iPhone running iOS 16.4 or above.
• In Safari, get them to click the Share  button and scroll down to the Add to home screen  option.
• Users can then save the app to their home screen.
• Once the app is on their home screen they can now click it to access your website.
• They need to click subscribe, followed by accepting the default iOS prompt for notifications.
• All done, your subscriber can now receive notifications on their iPhone.

This is a complex process and will need you to handhold your reader through this process. For starters, you can add a banner on the website prompting iPhone users to enable push notifications. You can reach out to your repeat users using an iPhone first since they are more likely to be willing to go through this entire process. They are your loyal users after all.

Getting your readers to add your website to the home screen is a big win in itself and is likely to increase repeat visits to your website.

You can try a bottom banner for Safari on iOS like the one we see here. Check it out on GitHub

Aditya Shenoy

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How to Manage Website Push Notifications in Safari for OS X

Control which notifications you receive from websites

What to Know

• In the Safari menu, select Preferences > Websites . Choose Notifications in the left pane.
• Use the menu next to any website that has requested permission to send notifications to allow or deny the request.
• Clear the box next to Allow websites to ask for permission to send push notifications to prevent sites from asking permission.

This article explains how to manage website push notifications in Safari for OS X. It includes information on viewing notification-related settings in the Notification Center . This information applies to Safari 9.x and above on Mac OS X.

Change the Safari Permissions

A website must ask your permission before it can push notifications to your desktop, usually as a pop-up question when you visit the site. While useful, these notifications can prove unwieldy and intrusive.

Here's how to deny or allow permissions for push notifications:

Go to the Safari menu and select Preferences .

Select Websites .

Click Notifications in the left menu pane.

The right side of the window contains a list of the sites that asked for permission to send you notifications. Use the menu to the right to either allow or deny those requests.

The  Allow websites to ask for permission to send push notifications option is enabled by default. This option allows websites to ask you if you want notifications, usually when you first visit their site. To disable this option and prevent sites from asking permission to show alerts, clear the check box.

To reset a site's permissions, select it and click Remove . The next time you visit the URL, it asks for permission again, assuming you left the previous option active.

Change Notification Settings

To view more notification-related settings in the Notification Center:

Open System Preferences either by clicking its icon in the Dock or selecting it from the Finder's Apple menu.

Click Notifications .

Select  Safari  from the list of applications in the left menu pane.

Notification preferences specific to the browser appear on the right side of the window. To turn off all notifications, turn off the Allow Notifications from Safari toggle switch.

The Safari alert style section contains three options, each accompanied by an image.

• None : Disables Safari alerts from displaying on the desktop while keeping notifications active in the Notification Center.
• Banners : Informs you when a new push notification is available.
• Alerts : Notifies you and includes relevant buttons. Alerts stay on the screen until you dismiss them.

Below this section are five more settings, each accompanied by a check box and enabled by default. These settings are as follows:

• Show notifications on lock screen : When enabled, push notifications generated by your allowed websites display when your Mac is locked.
• Show notification preview : Specify whether macOS shows previews (which contain more detail about the alert) always or only when the computer is unlocked.
• Show in Notification Center : Leave this option on to see alerts you might have missed by opening the Notification Center in the upper-right corner of the Finder.
• Badge app icon : When enabled, the number of Safari alerts to be viewed displays in a red circle overlaying the browser's icon on the Dock.
• Play sound for notifications : When enabled, an audio alert plays each time you receive a notification.

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How to use Reader Mode in Safari on iPad

Reader Mode in Safari can help to simplify your reading experience.

Whatever your reasons may be, something about a website just may not jibe with your eyes, and that is precisely where Reader Mode on Safari comes in. Reader Mode makes getting past this issue a breeze and makes reading articles on your iPad much more pleasant.

How to use Reader Mode in Safari

Actually opening up Reader Mode is very simple, and quite literally requires just two taps. With any largely text-based web page open in Safari, you need only tap on the "Aa" icon in the left-hand side of your address bar. Once that's been tapped, you'll see the option to "Show Reader." Once you've tapped "Show Reader" the web page will convert into a succinct block of text with pictures intact.

The "Show Reader" option is available on almost every primarily text-based web page. For websites like Instagram or Amazon, Reader Mode wouldn't do anything worthwhile for you even if you could enable it.

When entering Reader Mode, all the ads and suggested content from any given website will be stripped out in favor of a succinct reading experience. With that in mind, there are still some issues you can bump into. Some webpages, despite being mostly text, won't show up properly. In some instances this can be due to how the website is written, and in others it may just be that the text on the page is embedded within an image.

Another issue that can crop is multi-paged articles and how they "cooperate" with Reader Mode. For the most part, Reader Mode will only show you the first page of a multi-paged article when turned on. For these kinds of pages, you will have to turn Reader Mode on and off to progress through the article.

How to customize Reader Mode in Safari

Once you're in Reader Mode, you may find yourself wanting to make a few cosmetic adjustments. Doing so is as simple as returning to the menu you used to open Reader Mode. Once you have the menu opened up, you'll be greeted with a few key options, including:

• Adjusting the font
• Adjusting the font size
• Changing the background color
• Individual website settings

All of these options do exactly what it sounds like they would do. The individual website settings don't offer much that pertains to Reader Mode, but there is one absolutely game changing setting you can enable here.

That setting is "Use Reader Automatically." What this option will do is make it to where Safari automatically displays pages from that website in Reader Mode. Pages that can't normally be viewed in Reader Mode will still show up as normal, but the moment you enter a page that can be viewed in Reader Mode, the change will happen automatically.

With Reader Mode in your arsenal, you'll have a much better reading experience across the web on your iPad.

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Watch CBS News

Senate Democrats to unveil package to protect IVF as party makes reproductive rights push this month

By Kaia Hubbard

June 3, 2024 / 6:00 AM EDT / CBS News

Washington — A group of Senate Democrats is set to unveil a new package to protect access to IVF on Monday, as the party makes a push around reproductive rights this month — two years after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade. 

An Alabama high court decision earlier this year brought attention to IVF as a possible new front in the fight over reproductive rights in the U.S. when the court deemed that embryos are children under state law and prompted providers to halt fertility treatments. Though the state legislature moved to protect access to the procedure, Democrats quickly put the blame on Republicans as the development raised concern about similar moves elsewhere.

"In the nearly two years since the Supreme Court threw out Roe v. Wade, our nation has seen the horrific consequences of Republicans' anti-science, anti-woman crusade that has put IVF at risk for millions of Americans who rely on it to start or grow their family," Sen. Tammy Duckworth, an Illinois Democrat who is among the group leading the push on the package, said in a statement to CBS News. 

The package, called the Right to IVF Act, is made up of four bills sponsored by Duckworth, Sen. Patty Murray of Washington and Sen. Cory Booker of New Jersey that center on a right to receive and provide IVF services, while working to make the treatments more affordable. But some of the measures have previously been blocked by Senate Republicans, making it unlikely the package would pass the upper chamber. 

Among the measures in the package is the Access to Family Building Act, which would create a statutory right for access to assisted reproductive services like IVF. Duckworth tried to secure passage of the bill in February under unanimous consent, but one Republican senator objected , claiming that it would go too far. 

The package also includes a measure geared toward expanding access to the fertility treatments for veterans, which was likewise blocked by a Republican senator earlier this year. And other measures among its contents work to lower costs for Americans by requiring insurance plans to cover IVF. 

The legislation comes as Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer has outlined plans for the chamber to put reproductive rights "front and center" this month, like with action slated on a bill to protect access to contraception . Democrats have tried to put Republicans on the record over issues like IVF and contraception along with abortion after it became a major motivator for voters at the polls in the midterm elections. 

"Democrats will never relent until we reverse the immense damage that the Supreme Court has inflicted on this country, and the American people have a right to know where their elected officials stand on protecting the rights and reproductive care," Schumer said on the Senate floor as he teased the efforts late last month.

Though Senate Republicans have largely expressed support for IVF in the wake of the Alabama ruling, lawmakers appear to be at odds over a path forward that would satisfy both parties. Two Senate Republicans, Sens. Ted Cruz of Texas and Katie Britt of Alabama, introduced legislation to protect access to IVF last month, urging bipartisan support. But the bill was quickly met with pushback by Democrats, who questioned its scope and mechanism.

Known as the IVF Protection Act, the GOP bill would require that states "do not prohibit in vitro fertilization" as a condition for the states to receive federal funding for Medicaid, which provides health insurance for low-income Americans. But the bill doesn't compel an organization or individual to provide IVF services, and it doesn't preclude states from otherwise regulating IVF, and possibly regulating in ways at odds with Democrats' wishes. 

Murray said in a statement that the GOP legislation would not protect IVF, calling it a "PR tool for Republicans to hide their extremism." In contrast, the Washington Democrat said that the new Democratic package "would actually protect Americans from attempts to restrict IVF," while expanding access by lowering costs.

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Kaia Hubbard is a politics reporter for CBS News Digital, based in Washington, D.C.

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40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 01 Jun 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development .

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy , with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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Our commitment to delivering trustworthy and engaging content is at the heart of what we do. Each fact on our site is contributed by real users like you, bringing a wealth of diverse insights and information. To ensure the highest standards of accuracy and reliability, our dedicated editors meticulously review each submission. This process guarantees that the facts we share are not only fascinating but also credible. Trust in our commitment to quality and authenticity as you explore and learn with us.

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Elektrostal

Elektrostal Localisation : Country Russia , Oblast Moscow Oblast . Available Information : Geographical coordinates , Population, Area, Altitude, Weather and Hotel . Nearby cities and villages : Noginsk , Pavlovsky Posad and Staraya Kupavna .

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Elektrostal Demography

Information on the people and the population of Elektrostal.

Elektrostal Geography

Geographic Information regarding City of Elektrostal .

Elektrostal Distance

Distance (in kilometers) between Elektrostal and the biggest cities of Russia.

Elektrostal Map

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Elektrostal Nearby cities and villages

Elektrostal weather.

Weather forecast for the next coming days and current time of Elektrostal.

Elektrostal Sunrise and sunset

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Elektrostal Nearby

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Troubleshooting Push Notifications

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Describes techniques you can use to resolve issues with sending and receiving push (remote) notifications in iOS and OS X.

Introduction

Many iOS and Mac applications present dynamic content delivered over the Internet. Push notifications (also known as remote notifications) are a way to let users or apps know that new or updated content is available.

This technote describes techniques you can use to resolve issues with sending and receiving push notifications.

Issues with Receiving Push Notifications

Registering for push notifications.

In order to receive push notifications, an application must first register with the Apple Push Notification service (APNs or "push service"). Registration has four stages:

On iOS, the application asks the user for permission to receive push notifications by calling the registerUserNotificationSettings: method of UIApplication .

The application calls the registerForRemoteNotifications: method of UIApplication (iOS) or the method registerForRemoteNotificationTypes: of NSApplication (OS X).

The application implements the application:didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken: method of UIApplicationDelegate (iOS) or NSApplicationDelegate (OS X) to receive the unique device token generated by the push service.

The application implements the application:didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError: method of UIApplicationDelegate (iOS) or NSApplicationDelegate (OS X) to receive an error if the registration failed.

The application passes the device token to your provider as a non-object, binary value. The provider is your server that delivers dynamic content to your application.

Registering for push notifications is straightforward, but there are a few important details you need to be aware of.

No Delegate Callbacks

When the first push-capable app is installed, iOS or OS X attempts to establish a persistent network connection to the push service that will be shared by all push-capable apps on the system. If neither delegate callback application:didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken: nor application:didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError: is called, that means that this connection has not yet been established.

This is not necessarily an error condition. The system may not have Internet connectivity at all because it is out of range of any cell towers or Wi-Fi access points, or it may be in airplane mode. Instead of treating this as an error, your app should continue normally, disabling only that functionality that relies on push notifications.

Keep in mind that network availability can change frequently. Once the persistent connection to the push service succeeds, one of the previously-mentioned application delegate methods will be called.

On iOS, push notifications use the cellular data network whenever possible, even if the device is currently using Wi-Fi for other network activity such as web browsing or email. However, the push service will fall back to Wi-Fi if cellular data service isn't available.

If your iOS device is capable of using the cellular data network, check that it has an active cellular data plan. Turn off Wi-Fi in Settings and see if you can still browse the web with Safari, for example. On the other hand, if the push service is using Wi-Fi, any firewalls between your device or computer and the Internet must allow TCP traffic to and from port 5223.

Error Delegate Callback

The first time a push-capable application is run, the user is asked if they want to receive push notifications for this app. If the app isn't even offering the option of receiving push notifications, the chances are that it is missing its aps-environment (on iOS) or com.apple.developer.aps-environment (on OS X) code signing entitlement. Xcode takes this entitlement from the provisioning profile used when building the app, and it controls which push environment the app will connect to in order to receive remote notifications.

If an iOS app is running on a device, or if the app is a Mac app, the error method application:didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError: will be called if the code signing entitlements for accessing the push service are invalid. If you have not implemented this method in your application, you should do that as a way of checking that your aps-environment (iOS) or com.apple.developer.aps-environment (OS X) entitlement is present at runtime.

When using Xcode to submit an app, Xcode will re-sign it using a distribution code signing identity and associated provisioning profile. So the signature of the submitted app and its contents might be different than what's in the Xcode archive.

To check the signature of an app being submitted to the App Store:

In the Xcode Organizer, instead of Upload to App Store..., do Export... followed by Save for iOS or Mac App Store Deployment. That will create a local copy of the app that would be submitted to the App Store.

When asked to select a development team, choose the team you use when uploading to the App Store.

When the Summary sheet appears, open the disclosure triangle under Binary and Entitlements to see the entitlements.

Check if there is an aps-environment (iOS) or com.apple.developer.aps-environment (OS X) entitlement shown.

If the aps-environment or com.apple.developer.aps-environment entitlement is missing, check which provisioning profile is listed on the Summary sheet. Click the gray arrow to the right of the profile name to show it in Finder.

Drag the profile to TextEdit so you can look at its contents, and search for Entitlements. If you don't see aps-environment or com.apple.developer.aps-environment in the entitlements, you've either not configured your app ID for production push notifications, or you haven't updated your distribution provisioning profile since configuring your app ID.

You probably created your distribution provisioning profile before you configured your App ID for push notifications in your developer account. Or. it might just be that the distribution provisioning profile installed on your build machine is older than the one in your account. In that case, delete the one on the build machine, go to Xcode > Preferences... > Accounts, select your team, and click View Details.... In the sheet that appears, click Download All.

For more details about how to configure your app for push notifications, please see Configuring Push Notifications . The key points are that you must have an explicit App ID and a distribution provisioning profile that references that App ID. If you have an explicit App ID already, enable that for push notifications by turning on the Push Notifications capability in Xcode.

Once you have a distribution provisioning profile installed on your build system with the correct push notifications entitlement, you will need to rebuild your app and re-submit it to the store as an update. You may be able to request an expedited review using this form .

Registration Succeeded But No Notifications Received

If your app has registered with the push service but it is not receiving notifications, the problem can be either on the device/computer side or on the provider side. Here are a few things to check on the device/computer side.

The device or computer may have lost its persistent connection to the push service and can't reconnect. Try quitting the app and relaunching it to see if registration completes the next time. (On iOS 4 and later on devices that support multitasking, you will need to force quit the app from the recents list.) If the registration does not complete, iOS or OS X has been unable to re-establish the persistent connection. You can troubleshoot this as described in the previous two sections.

Your app may have sent an incorrect device token to your provider. Your app should always ask for the device token by registering with the push service each time it is launched. Don't store a device token from your app and try to reuse it, because the token can change. Your provider should then pass that same token on to the push service.

Some Notifications Received, but Not All

If you are sending multiple notifications to the same device or computer within a short period of time, the push service will send only the last one.

Here's why. The device or computer acknowledges receipt of each notification. Until the push service receives that acknowledgment, it can only assume that the device or computer has gone off-line for some reason and stores the notification in the quality of service (QoS) queue for future redelivery. The round-trip network latency here is of course a major factor.

As described in the Local and Remote Notification Programming Guide , the QoS queue holds a single notification per app per device or computer. If the service receives another notification before the one in the queue is sent, the new notification overwrites the previous one.

If your notification payload contains the content-available key, your app will receive the notification if iOS or OS X determines it is energy-efficient to do so. If the energy or data budget for the device has been exceeded, your app will not receive any more notifications with the content-available key until the budget has been reset. This occurs once a day and cannot be changed by user or developer action. This throttle is disabled if the app is run from Xcode, so be sure to test your app by running it from the device to have the same user experience your customers will have.

All of this points out that the intent is that a notification indicates to an app that something of interest has changed on the provider, and the app should check in with the provider to get the details. Notifications should not contain data which isn't also available elsewhere, and they should also not be stateful.

Any push notification that isn't delivered immediately was queued for future redelivery because your device was not connected to the service. "Immediately" of course needs to take latency for your connection into account. Outlying cases would be beyond 60 seconds as APNs will time out at that point.

Observing Push Status Messages

If these tips don't resolve the issue, you can enable additional messages from the APNs daemon on the device or computer.

Enabling Push Status Messages on iOS

To enable logging on iOS, install the configuration profile PersistentConnectionLogging.mobileconfig on your device by either putting the file on a web server and downloading it using Safari on your device, or by sending it as an email attachment and opening the attachment in Mail on your device. You'll be prompted to install "APS/PC Logging". Download the configuration profile by clicking Companion File at the upper right corner of this technote.

Once the configuration profile has been installed, turn the device off completely and then turn it back on. Then exercise your app again while watching the console using the Xcode Organizer. Or, sync your device with iTunes and the log will be saved in ~/Library/Logs/CrashReporter/MobileDevice/<DEVICE_NAME>/PersistentConnection/ .

Look for messages from the apsd process. Ideally you'll see Connected to courier x-courier.sandbox.push.apple.com where x is a small integer. That indicates that the device has successfully established its persistent connection to the push service.

You might on the other hand see Disconnecting in response to connection failure. That means that the persistent connection failed. In that case, the goal is to figure out what's going on with your network that's causing the connection failure. Check that no firewalls are blocking TCP traffic on port 5223.

The message connection set ignored topics means that the user chose to turn off notifications for the apps listed in the message. That will be followed by Sending filter message for enabled hashes which is where iOS actually sends the enabled and ignored topics to APNs.

The message Failed to parse JSON message payload indicates that the JSON dictionary in the notification payload is not in valid JSON format.

The message Received message for enabled topic <your app's CFBundleIdentifier> means that the device received a notification from the push service.

On OS X, some log messages refer to the hash of your app's CFBundleIdentifier . Here's how to compute this SHA-1 hash:

If things appear to look normal in the log but you're still not receiving notifications, try turning off the Notifications switch in Settings, and then turn it back on. That will try to re-establish the device's persistent connection with APNs.

To remove the configuration profile, go to Settings > General > Profiles, tap "APS/PC Logging", then tap Remove. Turn the device off completely and turn it back on.

Enabling Push Status Messages on OS X

To obtain the current state of the APNs daemon on OS X, use this command:

To enable logging on OS X, use the following commands:

The logs are stored in /Library/Logs/apsd.log .

Issues with Sending Push Notifications

If your app is not receiving push notifications, and everything looks correct on the device or computer, here are some things to check on the server side.

Problems Connecting to the Push Service

One possibility is that your server is unable to connect to the push service. This can mean that you don't have the certificate chain needed for TLS/SSL to validate the connection to the service. In addition to the SSL identity (certificate and associated private key) created by Member Center, you should also install the root certificate on your provider. This allows TLS/SSL to verify the full APNs server cert chain.

The root certificate depends on which APNs API you’re using. If you’re using the HTTP/2 APNs provider API, the root certificate is the GeoTrust Global CA root certificate. You can download this from GeoTrust’s site .

If you’re using the binary provider API, the root certificate is the Entrust.net Certification Authority (2048) root certificate. You can download it from Entrust's site .

Also verify that these identities are installed in the correct location for your provider and that your provider has permission to read them.

You can test the TLS/SSL handshake using the OpenSSL s_client command , like this for the HTTP/2 APNs provider API:

Or, for the binary provider API:

where server-ca-cert.pem is the Entrust CA (2048) root certificate.

Be sure the SSL identity and the hostname are the correct ones for the push environment you're testing. You can configure your App ID in your developer account separately for the sandbox and production environment. If you don’t request a universal push certificate, you will be issued a separate identity for each environment.

Using the sandbox SSL identity to try to connect to the production environment will return an error like this:

CRITICAL | 14:48:40.304061 | Exception creating ssl connection to Apple: [Errno 1] _ssl.c:480: error:14094414:SSL routines:SSL3_READ_BYTES:sslv3 alert certificate revoked

One common OpenSSL error is verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate .

That message means that one or more of the certificates from the server could not be verified because the issuer (root or intermediate) certificates were not found.

The CAfile argument to s_client specifies the trusted root certificates to use to verify the server certificate. The trusted root certificate for the push servers is the GeoTrust or Entrust root certificate mentioned previously.

If you can't even open a connection to APNs, perhaps your APNs TLS/SSL certificate has expired. These certificates are valid for one year but production APNs certificates can be renewed at any time.

Another possibility is that you've connected too many times to APNs and further connections have been temporarily blocked. As is documented in the Local and Remote Notification Programming Guide , developers are expected to open a connection and leave it open. If a connection is opened and closed repeatedly, APNs will treat it as a denial of service attack and block connections for a period of time.

This temporary block will expire if no connection attempts are made for about one hour.

Yet another possibility is that there is a firewall blocking access to the ports used by APNs. Please see IP Address Range Used by the Push Service for details. Try running a telnet command on your server to see if the server can reach APNs, like this:

Handling Malformed Notifications

The simple notification format drops the connection if the push service receives a notification that is incorrect in some way. Your provider may see this as an EPIPE or broken pipe error in response to sending a notification. On the other hand, the enhanced notification format will send an error response with more detailed information about what was wrong with the notification before dropping the connection. Be sure your provider catches and handles these conditions properly.

Many push notification servers do not handle error responses or dropped connections robustly. An easy way to check this is to intentionally send a notification to a sandbox environment device token, assuming your server is communicating with the production push environment. Doing that should return an invalid token response and drop the connection. To learn more about checking error responses from the push service, please see Push Notification Throughput and Error Checking .

The most common problem is an invalid device token. If the token came from the sandbox environment, such as when you are testing a development build in house, you can't send it to the production push service. Each push environment will issue a different token for the same device or computer. If you do send a device token to the wrong environment, the push service will see that as an invalid token and discard the notification.

A device token is also valid only for the app that received it during registration. If you attempt to use that token to send a notification to a different app (different bundle identifier) it will be rejected as invalid.

The user may have deleted your app from their device or computer. You should check the feedback service at least once a day for device tokens that are no longer active.

Other possible issues might be sending a payload longer than 2048 bytes, your payload might not be formatted correctly, or perhaps your JSON dictionary has incorrect syntax.

An occasional disconnect while your provider is idle is nothing to be concerned about; just re-establish the connection and carry on. If one of the push servers is down, the load balancing mechanism will transparently direct your new connection to another server assuming you connect by hostname and not by static IP address.

Using the Enhanced Notification Format

If your provider is using the original simple notification format, consider migrating a newer API. The newer APIs provide more control over the priority and expiration of notifications and also returns more detailed error responses if a problem occurs with a particular notification.

You can read more about the HTTP/2 APNs provider API in the Local and Remote Notification Programming Guide .

Issues with Using the Feedback Service

If you remove your app from your device or computer and then send a push notification to it, you would expect to have the device token rejected, and the invalidated device token should appear on the feedback service. However, if this was the last push-enabled app on the device or computer, it will not show up in the feedback service. This is because deleting the last app tears down the persistent connection to the push service before the notice of the deletion can be sent.

You can work around this by leaving at least one push-enabled app on the device or computer in order to keep the persistent connection up. To keep the persistent connection to the production environment up, just install any free push-enabled app from the App Store and you should then be able to delete your app and see it appear in the feedback service.

Recall that each push environment has its own persistent connection. So to keep the persistent connection to the sandbox environment up, install another development push-enabled app.

Other Tips and Tricks

Push notification throughput and error checking.

There are no caps or batch size limits for using APNs. The iOS 6.1 press release stated that APNs has sent over 4 trillion push notifications since it was established. It was announced at WWDC 2012 that APNs is sending 7 billion notifications daily.

If you're seeing throughput lower than 9,000 notifications per second, your server might benefit from improved error handling logic.

Here's how to check for errors when using the enhanced notification format. Keep writing until a write fails. If the stream is ready for writing again, resend the notification and keep going. If the stream isn't ready for writing, see if the stream is available for reading.

If it is, read everything available from the stream. If you get zero bytes back, the connection was closed because of an error such as an invalid command byte or other parsing error. If you get six bytes back, that's an error response that you can check for the response code and the ID of the notification that caused the error. You'll need to send every notification following that one again.

Once everything has been sent, do one last check for an error response.

It can take a while for the dropped connection to make its way from APNs back to your server just because of normal latency. It's possible to send over 500 notifications before a write fails because of the connection being dropped. Around 1,700 notifications writes can fail just because the pipe is full, so just retry in that case once the stream is ready for writing again.

Now, here's where the tradeoffs get interesting. You can check for an error response after every write, and you'll catch the error right away. But this causes a huge increase in the time it takes to send a batch of notifications.

Device tokens should almost all be valid if you've captured them correctly and you're sending them to the correct environment. So it makes sense to optimize assuming failures will be rare. You'll get way better performance if you wait for write to fail or the batch to complete before checking for an error response, even counting the time to send the dropped notifications again.

None of this is really specific to APNs, it applies to most socket-level programming.

If your development tool of choice supports multiple threads or interprocess communication, you could have a thread or process waiting for an error response all the time and let the main sending thread or process know when it should give up and retry.

IP Address Range Used by the Push Service

Push providers, iOS devices, and Mac computers are often behind firewalls. To send notifications, you will need to allow inbound and outbound TCP packets over port 443 for the HTTP/2 provider API or port 2195 for the binary provider API.

To reach the feedback service, you will need to allow inbound and outbound TCP packets over port 2196.

Devices and computers connecting to the push service over Wi-Fi will need to allow inbound and outbound TCP packets over port 5223, or port 443 for a fallback when devices can’t reach APNs on port 5223.

OS X systems will also need to allow inbound and outbound TCP traffic over port 80.

The IP address range for the push service is subject to change; the expectation is that providers will connect by hostname rather than IP address. The push service uses a load balancing scheme that yields a different IP address for the same hostname. However, the entire 17.0.0.0/8 address block is assigned to Apple, so you can specify that range in your firewall rules.

Resetting the Push Notifications Permissions Alert on iOS

The first time a push-enabled app registers for push notifications, iOS asks the user if they wish to receive notifications for that app. Once the user has responded to this alert it is not presented again unless the device is restored or the app has been uninstalled for at least a day.

If you want to simulate a first-time run of your app, you can leave the app uninstalled for a day. You can achieve the latter without actually waiting a day by following these steps:

Delete your app from the device.

Turn the device off completely and turn it back on.

Go to Settings > General > Date & Time and set the date ahead a day or more.

Turn the device off completely again and turn it back on.

Viewing a Certificate Signing Request (CSR)

Part of configuring your App ID for push notifications is creating a certificate signing request, or CSR. Occasionally it's useful to look at the contents of a CSR, which you can do with the OpenSSL req command :

Local and Remote Notification Programming Guide

App Distribution Guide

Understanding Notifications

Downloadables

PersistentConnectionLogging.zip ("tn2265_PersistentConnectionLogging.zip", 4.3K)

Document Revision History

Copyright © 2016 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Updated: 2016-07-28

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