south korea uk travel advice

16 things to know before heading to South Korea

Feb 18, 2024 • 10 min read

South Korea’s public-transport choices – including Busan’s Sky Capsule – are the envy of the world. As you plan your trip, count on using the nationwide network © By f11photo / Shutterstock

Has any place been on a run of late like  South Korea ?

The country is on the lips of travelers around the world, thanks to its cutting-edge technology, world-class cuisine, chart-topping pop bands and some of the most exciting movies and TV series being made anywhere. 

Add to all this centuries of tradition and copious natural blessings, all in a country scarcely larger than Ireland, and you’ve got one of the planet’s great travel destinations.

Safe, friendly and possessing superb infrastructure, South Korea is a truly easy – not to mention rewarding – place to explore. Read on for tips to make your visit even easier.

1. Complete your pre-trip registration three days before your flight

Most travelers – including citizens of the US, Australia and the UK – can visit South Korea visa-free for up to 90 days (up to six months for Canadians). You’ll still need to apply for a Korea Electronic Travel Authorization on the K-ETA website , however, at least 72 hours before departure. It’s a simple process, and your K-ETA is valid for two years from the date of approval.

2. Time your visit with the trees

We recommend planning your visit to South Korea for spring or fall , when the peninsula gets its most temperate weather. Bonus points if you can time it to coincide with one of the country’s two periods of arboreal magic. Korea’s cherry blossoms start blooming in mid-March on Jeju-do Island , off the south coast, and typically appear in Seoul in early April. In late October and early November, the leaves of Korea’s many ancient ginkgo trees turn into brilliant golden torches, giving Seoul and other cities a particularly regal look for several weeks.

3. Mind these two major holidays

The two periods that can cause travelers real problems are the multi-day Lunar New Year and Chuseok (fall harvest) holidays. On these two occasions every year, Koreans hit the road en masse, making booking a bus or train ticket nearly impossible. The dates change each year, so be sure to check when these are before making travel plans. 

If you can’t avoid a holiday, base yourself in Seoul or Busan for its duration. Plenty of businesses stay open, and the cities can be surprisingly peaceful with everyone out of town.

4. Take advantage of Korea’s world-class public transportation

Korea’s subways, trains and buses are clean, convenient and efficient . It can sometimes seem like a new station is added to the Seoul metro every month, and the rail and intercity bus networks will take you to every corner of the country. Public transportation is cheap: bus and subway fares in Seoul start at just ₩1250. In all of South Korea, Jeju-do is the only place where renting a car might make sense, and even there it’s probably not necessary.

With plentiful English information and sensible design, public transportation in Korea makes getting from here to there a breeze. To get moving, start by picking up a T-money transit card at a convenience store or from a vending machine in any subway station. Separate kiosks can be used to load money onto your card. Tap your card both when you board and get off the subway or bus. Fares are calculated by distance, so if you forget to tap when disembarking, you’ll be charged more and won’t be able to transfer for free. You can also use T-money cards in most taxis.

When traveling longer distances, it’s simple enough to just buy intercity bus or train tickets at stations. For the high-speed KTX train and some of the more popular routes and times – departing Seoul on Saturday morning, for example – it’s a good idea to purchase in advance. Bus tickets are typically readily available for purchase from machines and counters in bus stations. Buy train tickets on the website of  KORAIL , the national operator.

5. Stay connected with these essential apps

Wi-fi is so prevalent in Korean cities that you can do without a local SIM card, but if you decide that you want one just in case, or if you plan to head to rural areas, the easiest place to pick one up is at one of the many  telecom roaming centers at Incheon Airport upon arrival. You can also rent a phone if you didn’t bring your own.

Helpful apps to download include Naver Map ( iOS and Android ), which works better than Google Maps in South Korea; MangoPlate ( iOS and Android ) for finding restaurants and cafes; Subway Korea for navigating cities’ metro systems; and Kakao T ( iOS and Android ), which is like Uber but for taxis.

6. Get out of town

There are two Koreas. We don’t mean North and South, but rather Seoul and everything else – or, a bit more broadly, urban Korea and rural Korea. The country has a reputation for being a hyper-paced, highly wired pop-culture dynamo, but its hinterlands present a much different picture, and you’d be missing out big time if you skip them. 

The Korean countryside is beautiful, mountains and rivers make for beautiful vistas, and life is lived differently here than in the cities. The population is older – most people under 40 have decamped to the cities – and the pace is slower. At least once on your trip, get out of the cities and immerse yourself in this more traditional side of Korea.

7. Learn your ga , na , da , ra , ma , bas

Basic English is widely understood in Korea by folks under 50, and signage is almost always in both Korean and English. Yet it’s still a good (and respectful) idea to learn a bit of the language. 

Beyond memorizing a few essential Korean words and phrases, learning hangul, the Korean alphabet, is like gaining access to a secret bonus level of Korean travel. If you can sound out the letters, you’ll find that you already know what things like 카페 모카 ( ka-pe mo-ka ), 비빔밥 (bibimbap) and 사우나 ( sa-oo-na ) are. 

Hangul is easy to learn. King Sejong the Great, who oversaw its creation in the 15th century, declared that a wise man could pick it up before noon and even an idiot could learn it in 10 days.  Let’s Learn Hangul  teaches the Korean alphabet in an interactive, easy-to-follow way.

8. Roll with the nudges

Koreans live life in a hurry, and they do so in a densely populated country, so you shouldn’t expect the same sense of personal space or public courtesies you find in your home country. Koreans won’t hold doors open for you or apologize if they bump into you when walking. When getting on or off the subway, they likely won’t say, “Excuse me” – they’ll just nudge you aside. They’re not being rude, though. 

When you live in a city as crowded as Seoul, it’s just not practical to say sorry every time you knock shoulders with someone – you’d be apologizing constantly. This can be maddening to outsiders, but just accept it and roll with the nudges.

9. Be ready to get personal

The typical greeting here is a quick bow – nothing dramatic, just a head nod deep enough for your gaze to meet the floor – but you’ll sometimes be offered a handshake instead. If you are, expect more of a gentle clasp than the old squeeze-and-pump.

You’ll likely be asked questions more personal than you’re accustomed to by someone you just met. At the top of this list is your age. This data point is essential to Koreans, as it informs how they talk to one another: how formal their verb endings should be and whether to use honorifics. Inquiries about marital status, occupation and your opinion of Korea are also common. Answer politely, and feel free to return the question.

10. Wear what you like, but don’t pack anything too risqué

As a traveler, you can feel free to dress for the weather and comfort. Koreans are pretty relaxed about attire, even if they’re more modest than you might expect. If visiting a temple , while shorts are fine, tank tops and miniskirts are not. Both men and women frequently wear t-shirts at the beach (though it’s best to leave the Speedo or thong at home). Korean women almost never wear low-cut tops, and female travelers could find that doing so brings unwelcome looks. Tattoos are now common among young people, yet even still some bathhouses will deny entry if you show any ink.

11. Eat with others and don’t be afraid to shout for service

Eating is a communal activity in Korea, and many restaurants, especially barbecue joints, don’t offer single servings. So if you’re traveling solo, you might either have to drag someone from your hostel along with you (not a tough sell) or loosen your belt and order pork belly for two (poor thing).

At restaurants, servers won’t come check up on you, and most places have call buttons on each table. Give it a push, and someone will be right over. Otherwise, to grab the waitstaff’s attention, raise your hand and shout, “ Yogiyo !” (“Over here!”) Water is usually self-service, and occasionally side dishes are, too. If your server doesn’t set a bottle of water on your table, look around for a water dispenser and stacks of metal cups. At the end of your meal, take the check to the front counter to pay. There’s no tipping.

12. Is North Korea a concern?

Despite international headlines, South Koreans don’t worry about an attack from  North Korea  – and neither should you. Military clashes are very rare, and danger to civilians is rarer still. A guided tour to the  DMZ can be a fascinating and truly find-it-nowhere-else experience. From afar, North Korea can seem almost comical in its eccentricities, but when you’re looking at South Korean soldiers looking at North Korean soldiers looking at you, the geopolitical stakes hit different. Plus, many tours offer what may be your only chance to actually step foot in the world’s most secretive country.

13. Monitor the air quality

Even in post-pandemic times, it’s a good idea to always carry a mask, as air quality can occasionally drop to pretty nasty levels. This is especially true in spring, when dust blown off the deserts of Mongolia and northern China combines with local pollution to create unhealthy air. Download an app like IQAir Air Visual (for iOS or Android ) to keep track of current conditions and the upcoming forecast across the country.

14. You might have to be flexible about your diet

If you have food allergies or a specific diet, you may have a hard time finding places to eat or getting clear information about ingredients. Vegetarianism and veganism are slowly gaining popularity in Korea, but not many restaurants cater to these diets. Even dishes that you might think are vegetarian are often made with anchovy broth or fermented shrimp.  

15. Recognize that LGBTQI+ acceptance still has a long way to go 

While attitudes are slowly changing, Korea remains a conservative society in many respects, and anti-LGBTQI+ prejudice is common. Even so, LGBTQI+ travelers are more likely to be on the receiving end of curious – if misinformed – questions than any sort of open hostility. Public displays of affection are generally frowned upon (though this goes for straight couples, too).

Seoul has small gay districts in Itaweon and Jongno-3-ga, while the Hongdae-Sinchon-Ewha university corridor is another place where LGBTQI+ Koreans feel comfortable being themselves. 

16. Use common sense and keep these numbers handy, just in case

Theft and violent crime are rare in South Korea. Scams and pickpockets targeting travelers are virtually nonexistent, and Koreans typically go out of their way to be hospitable to visitors. Nonetheless – as anyone should anywhere – do exercise basic caution and common sense. South Korea has strict drug laws, and don’t even think about trying to sneak past them. Nightlife often revolves around heavy drinking, so know your limit to avoid putting yourself in a sketchy situation.

If you do have an emergency, call 112 to reach the police, 119 for emergency services or 1330 to reach the Korea Travel Hotline, where an operator will connect you to the appropriate service and serve as an interpreter. That number can also be used to reach the Korea Tourist Police .

This article was first published Jul 16, 2022 and updated Feb 18, 2024.

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Information on how to stay safe and healthy abroad. About us.

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Review both the Vaccination and Malaria sections on this page to find out if you may need vaccines and/or a malaria risk assessment before you travel to this country.

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Know how to access healthcare at your destination: see the GOV.UK English speaking doctors and medical facilities: worldwide list

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• Other vaccines to consider: Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Rabies; Tetanus; Tick-borne Encephalitis.
• Selectively advised vaccines - only for those individuals at highest risk: Japanese Encephalitis.

No yellow fever vaccination certificate required for this country.

Notes on the diseases mentioned above

Risk is higher where personal hygiene and sanitation is poor.

Risk is higher for long stays, frequent travel and for children (exposed through cuts and scratches), those who may require medical treatment during travel.

• Japanese Encephalitis :  spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. This mosquito breeds in rice paddies and mainly bites between dusk and dawn. Risk is highest for long stay travellers to rural areas, particularly if unable to avoid mosquito bites.
• Tetanus :  spread through contamination of cuts, burns and wounds with tetanus spores. Spores are found in soil worldwide. A total of 5 doses of tetanus vaccine are recommended for life in the UK. Boosters are usually recommended in a country or situation where the correct treatment of an injury may not be readily available.
• Tick-borne Encephalitis :  spread mainly through tick bites. Risk is higher during the warmer months between spring to autumn. Spending long periods of time outdoors in forests or rural areas whilst undertaking outdoor activities such as camping, rambling or mountain biking increases your risk.

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease transmitted by mosquitoes.You cannot be vaccinated against malaria.

Malaria precautions

• Malaria risk is low throughout the year mainly in northern areas of Gangwon Do and Kyunggi Do Provinces and Incheon City.
• Malaria precautions are essential. Avoid mosquito bites by covering up with clothing such as long sleeves and long trousers especially after sunset, using insect repellents on exposed skin and, when necessary, sleeping under a mosquito net.
• See malaria map – additional information can be found by clicking on the Regional Information icon below the map.
• Low to no risk areas: antimalarial tablets are not usually advised .
• If you have been travelling in a malarious area and develop a fever seek medical attention promptly. Remember malaria can develop even up to one year after exposure.

Other Health Risks

Dengue fever.

There is a risk of exposure to coronavirus (COVID-19) in this country.

Please be aware that the risk of COVID-19 in this country may change at short notice and also consider your risk of exposure in any transit countries and from travelling itself. 

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Foreign Travel Advice South Korea

Table of Contents

• Warnings and insurance
• Entry requirements
• Safety and security

Travel Advisories and Insurance

Latest update: This travel advice has been rewritten to enhance readability and comprehension.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) offers advice on travel risks to assist British nationals in making informed decisions. Explore further details about FCDO travel advice.

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Before You Travel:

Remember, no travel can be guaranteed as entirely safe. Thoroughly review all the advice provided in this guide and seek support available for British nationals abroad, including:

• Guidance on preparing for travel abroad and minimizing risks
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Stay connected with FCDO travel updates on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, and consider signing up for email notifications for real-time updates.

Travel Insurance:

If you decide to travel, conduct thorough research on your destinations and obtain suitable travel insurance. Ensure that your insurance covers your entire itinerary, planned activities, and expenses in an emergency.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ( FCDO ) provides advice about risks of travel to help British nationals make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice .

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide as well as support for British nationals abroad which includes:

• advice on preparing for travel abroad and reducing risks
• information for women, LGBT+ and disabled travellers

Follow and contact FCDO travel on Twitter , Facebook and Instagram . You can also sign up to get email notifications when this advice is updated.

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance . Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

This advice reflects the UK government’s understanding of current rules for people travelling on a full ‘British citizen’ passport from the UK, for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in South Korea set and enforce entry rules. If you’re not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the South Korean Embassy in the UK .

COVID-19 rules

There are no COVID-19 testing or vaccination requirements for travellers entering South Korea.

Passport validity requirements

If you are visiting as a tourist for up to 90 days, your passport must have an ‘expiry date’ after the date you are leaving South Korea.

If you are entering South Korea on a long-term visa, your passport should have an ‘expiry date’ at least 6 months after the date you arrive.

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

Visa requirements

You do not need a visa to visit South Korea as a tourist for up to 90 days. You must have an onward or return ticket. It’s illegal to work on a tourist visa, whether as a teacher or in any other capacity.

If you are travelling for any purpose other than short-term business or tourism, check visa requirements with the South Korean Embassy in the UK .

For those in South Korea on a work visa, all employment changes must be authorised by Korean Immigration.

Re-entry permits for long-term visa holders

Most foreign nationals in South Korea on long-term visas are allowed to re-enter South Korea within one year of departure without the need for a re-entry permit. Check with the Korea Immigration Service .

If you are resident and intend to spend more than a year outside of South Korea, in most cases, you must apply for a multiple re-entry permit via the Hi Korea website before departure. If you require a re-entry permit, engage early with the immigration authorities and apply for a re-entry permit at least 4 working days ahead of any planned travel. 

Visas for working as an English teacher

To get a visa to teach English in South Korea, you must have a 3-year university degree. A Teaching English as a Foreign Language ( TEFL ) qualification alone is not enough. If you are found to have a teaching visa by deception, you will be detained and deported.

British nationals teaching English in South Korea have sometimes found living and working conditions to be below their expectation or have had difficulties getting the correct visas and residence permits. Some also report more serious problems such as breach of contract, confiscation of passport, payment being withheld and inadequate insurance.

Check all terms and conditions of your employment carefully. If possible, speak to other teachers from the place where you plan to work before accepting any offer. If you are in South Korea and in need of assistance, you should contact British Embassy in Seoul .

Vaccination requirements

At  least 8 weeks before your trip, check the vaccinations and certificates you need in TravelHealthPro’s South Korea guide .

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into or out of South Korea . You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad .

Terrorism in South Korea

Although there’s no recent history of terrorism in South Korea, attacks cannot be ruled out.

Political situation

The level of tension and the security situation on the Korean Peninsula can change with little notice. Tensions can rise after missile tests by North Korea and during the regular South Korean-US military exercises, which take place throughout the year. You should follow the advice of local authorities and keep up to date with developments, which will be reported on news broadcasts.

The demilitarised zone ( DMZ ) separates North Korea and South Korea. Peace has been maintained under an armistice agreement, but no formal peace treaty has ever been signed. If you’re in the area of the DMZ , you should exercise caution and follow the advice of the local authorities.

National service

If you are a British male of Korean origin whose name appears on the Korean family register, you may be liable for military service even if you are travelling on your British passport.

Demonstrations

Public demonstrations in South Korea are common. These gatherings are mostly peaceful and well-policed. Be aware that under Korean law, it is illegal for foreign nationals to take part in political activities when in the country.

Civil emergency exercises and advice

South Korean authorities sometimes hold civil emergency exercises. You’ll hear sirens to mark the start the exercise. All vehicles must stop and sometimes people will have to descend into designated metro stations or basements. You do not need to participate but do follow any instructions from officials during these exercises.

Contingency planning

The government’s Emergency Ready App, available on iOS and Android , explains the possible civil emergency alerts which would be pushed to your mobile in an emergency.

As part of your own contingency planning, make sure you have easy access to your passport and other important documents such as nationality documents and birth and marriage certificates, as well as any essential medication. Consider saving the contact details for the embassy so that you can access them quickly if needed. Make sure to share your contact details with your family and friends.

Crime against foreigners is rare but there are occasional thefts. Take extra care of passports, credit cards and money in crowded areas and in areas visited by foreigners, such as Itaewon.

While most reported crimes are thefts, there have been cases of assault, including sexual assault, particularly around bars and nightlife areas. Take care when travelling alone at night and only use legitimate taxis or public transport.

Laws and cultural differences

Personal id.

Carry some form of identification at all times and make sure you’ve written the emergency contact details in the back of your passport.

Illegal drugs and prison sentences

If you’re convicted of possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs you can face a long jail sentence and heavy fines. This applies even to personal use of small amounts of marijuana. British nationals have been detained solely on the basis of drug tests.

Transport risks

Road travel.

If you are planning to drive in South Korea, see information on driving abroad and read the Korea Tourism Organization’s driving in Korea guidance . The guide lists driving regulations and other legal requirements you need to be aware of.

You’ll need to have both the 1949 international driving permit ( IDP )  and your UK driving licence with you in the car when you drive in South Korea. You cannot buy an IDP outside the UK, so get one before you travel.

The police take the position that car and motorbike drivers are at fault in accidents involving cyclists or pedestrians. If you injure someone in an accident, you are likely to face criminal charges and heavy penalties, even if guilt is not proved.

The legal limit for alcohol in South Korea is less than half the limit in England, and penalties for drink-driving include prison and fines.

Taxi drivers tend to speak little or no English. It is helpful to have your destination written in Korean – if possible with a map.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

If there is a natural disaster, or the threat of one, the South Korean government will publish updates in Korean and English to the Natural Disaster Safety Portal .

The government’s Emergency Ready App, available on iOS and Android , explains the possible alerts which would be pushed to your mobile.

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards .

The typhoon season normally runs from June to November. You should monitor the progress of approaching storms with the Korea Meteorological Administration or call 131 in Korea to get an accurate weather forecast in English. Always follow any advice given by the local authorities.   

Flooding and landslides

South Korea has heavy rainfall across the country during the summer rainy season, usually in June and July. Torrential rain may cause flooding near rivers and creeks, including in built-up areas. Flash floods are common in areas downstream from large reservoirs or rivers, even after relatively short periods of intense rainfall. Landslides are possible in hilly and mountainous areas.

You should monitor forecasts for heavy rainfall with the Korea Meteorological Administration and follow any advice given by the local authorities.

Earthquakes

Strong earthquakes are unusual in South Korea but do happen. Most earthquakes in South Korea are relatively weak. The Korea Meteorological Administration publishes information on earthquakes.

Read up on the any guidance from local authorities on safety procedures in an earthquake and check the safety tips from the Seoul Metropolitan Government .

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Call 119 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance company promptly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccinations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip check:

• the latest information on vaccinations and health risks in TravelHealthPro’s South Korea guide
• where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

Tick bites, and tick-borne encephalitis, are a risk throughout South Korea. Read more about  avoiding tick and insect bites on TravelHealthPro .

Air pollution, including yellow dust pollution, is common, especially during spring months. Follow local media reporting and check the Korean Meteorological Administration website. On days when concentrations are high, most residents will stay indoors or use face masks outside. It’s also important to drink plenty of water.

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

South Korean customs authorities allow you to bring small amounts of medication for your personal use, if it is kept in carry-on baggage. Take an English language prescription from your doctor at home for both your prescription drugs and non-prescription medicines. Consult the website of the South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety before you travel to South Korea.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro .

The NHS has information on whether you can take your medicine abroad .

Healthcare facilities in South Korea

Medical and dental care in South Korea is usually of a good standard, but can be expensive. Staff may not speak English. Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment abroad and repatriation.

If you need to stay in a South Korean hospital, particularly if your condition is severe, the hospital may ask you to bring a guardian or ‘bohoja’ to assist you with basic care needs such as trips to the bathroom, washing and exercise. It is possible to find agencies who will provide a caregiver or ‘ganbyungin’ for a fee, but these caregivers generally do not speak English. If you know that you may need to enter a Korean hospital, you should try to organise a guardian such as a friend or relative in advance.

FCDO has a list of English-speaking doctors in South Korea . 

There is also guidance on healthcare if you’re living in South Korea .

Medical tourism

If you are travelling to South Korea for elective treatment, such as cosmetic surgery or a dental procedure, consider that no medical procedure is risk-free. Make sure that your travel health insurance covers complications that may arise and repatriation to the UK if required.

COVID-19 healthcare in South Korea

If you think you might have COVID-19 while in South Korea, contact the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency on 1339 (support is available in English).

You can buy antigen tests at pharmacies or get a PCR test for a fee at most hospitals .

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health . There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro .

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ( FCDO ) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in South Korea

Ambulance: 119

Police: 112

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans , including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• finding English-speaking  lawyers ,  funeral directors  and  translators and interpreters  in South Korea
• dealing with a  death in South Korea
• being  arrested or imprisoned in South Korea
• getting help if you’re a  victim of crime
• what to do if you’re  in hospital
• if you’re affected by a crisis , such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO

Follow and contact FCDO travel on Twitter , Facebook and Instagram . You can also sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.

Help abroad in an emergency

If you’re in South Korea and you need emergency help from the UK government, contact the British Embassy in Seoul .

You can also contact FCDO online .

FCDO in London

You can call FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)

Find out about call charges

Risk information for British companies

The  Overseas Business Risk service  offers information and advice for British companies operating overseas on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

South Korea Travel Restrictions

Traveller's COVID-19 vaccination status

Travelling from the United Kingdom to South Korea

Open for vaccinated visitors

COVID-19 testing

Not required

Not required for vaccinated visitors

Restaurants

Not required in public spaces and public transportation.

Documents & Additional resources

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Can I travel to South Korea from the United Kingdom?

Most visitors from the United Kingdom, regardless of vaccination status, can enter South Korea.

Can I travel to South Korea if I am vaccinated?

Fully vaccinated visitors from the United Kingdom can enter South Korea without restrictions.

Can I travel to South Korea without being vaccinated?

Unvaccinated visitors from the United Kingdom can enter South Korea without restrictions.

Do I need a COVID test to enter South Korea?

Visitors from the United Kingdom are not required to present a negative COVID-19 PCR test or antigen result upon entering South Korea.

Can I travel to South Korea without quarantine?

Travellers from the United Kingdom are not required to quarantine.

Do I need to wear a mask in South Korea?

Mask usage in South Korea is not required in public spaces and public transportation.

Are the restaurants and bars open in South Korea?

Restaurants in South Korea are open. Bars in South Korea are .

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South Korea to reopen to vaccinated travellers from April

Clarity is needed on whether vaccinated holidaymakers will need to test on arrival, article bookmarked.

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South Korea has announced that it will allow most fully vaccinated foreign tourists to enter, quarantine-free, from 1 April - replacing the previous requirement to self-isolate for seven days.

The news was confirmed in a statement on the country’s official tourism website .

The UK is included on the list of approved countries for the quarantine-free rule, while Pakistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine are all excluded.

“Fully vaccinated” is defined as anyone who has had their second dose more than 14 days ago but fewer than 180 days ago - or who has had a booster.

Travellers who meet this criteria must upload their journey and contact information to the Q-Code website before departure, and provide a negative PCR result from a test taken within the 48 hours before departure. Your Q-Code registration will send you a QR Code, which you can show at Korean immigration as proof of vaccination.

Children aged five and under do not need to have a negative test result to enter. Unvaccinated adults will have to quarantine for seven days as before.

However, all travellers (including under fives and the vaccinated) still need to test on arrival. The Foreign Office advice states: “All arrivals – including children under the age of six, and regardless of nationality and length of stay – are also required to be tested for coronavirus within 24 hours after entering South Korea.”

All visitors must test at the airport upon arrival and remain at the testing facility until they receive a result - the tourist board tells The Independent “This is usually very quick in Korea”. After the result comes back negative, they are free to explore.

The news comes as Vietnam passes its slated reopening date to international tourists, without having confirmed any specific rules for testing or quarantine for international visitors.

Vietnamese authorities announced the reopening date of 15 March in mid February , saying all international, vaccinated visitors aged two and over would have to test either side of their journey there, as well as self-isolating for 24 hours on arrival.

However, as of 15 March, no official statements have been put out about the new rules for entry to the country.

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South Korea travel advice

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South Korea travel guide - essential info

Below is a beginner's guide to South Korea with essential travel facts such as dominant language spoken, typical flight time from the UK and the local currency. You can also check whether visas are required and what plug adapter you need to pack.

Why visit South Korea?

Considering a holiday to the South Korea? Here are some of the very good reasons it makes such a wonderful holiday destination be it for culture or nature to ensure you get the most out of your 2024/2025 escape.

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Check the latest travel advice on visiting South Korea from official government sources (in english) from around the world including entry requirements and travel restrictions.

• UK traveller advice for South Korea - UK FCDO
• Irish traveller advice for South Korea - Department of Foreign Affairs, Ireland
• Canadian travel advice for South Korea - Government of Canada
• US travel advisories for South Korea - US Department of State
• Safe travel advisories for South Korea - Ministry of Foreign Affairs, New Zealand
• Smarter traveller advice for South Korea - Department of Foreign Affairs, Australia

Learn more about the current safety and security risks from terrorism, natural disasters and more. Read about the local laws and customs to consider when travelling around South Korea.

Note : UK FCDO - UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office

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South Korea travel health

Find out more about staying safe when travelling to South Korea with the latest guidance on required vaccinations and recommended medication to take with you.

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Check out the general travel tips for staying safe and healthy in South Korea, risks of preventable diseases and what to pack.

Note : CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

South Korea covid live updates

Check the latest live updates on Covid-19 in South Korea with the vaccination requirements, current available statistics and up-to-date travel advice from government agencies.

• Travellers' health for South Korea - Ministry of Health, South Korea
• Coronavirus timeline in South Korea - Our World in Data

South Korea travel features

Do you want to learn more about South Korea? Read our latest features covering travel tips and insider destination guides on where to go and what to do in South Korea.

We don't currently have any travel features on South Korea. Discover more about holiday destinations around the world with this selection of general travel articles.

South Korea FAQs

Read our frequently asked questions about travelling to South Korea including the current entry restrictions, covid rules, driving side, electrical plugs used and much more.

Are there entry restrictions to South Korea due to Covid-19?

South Korea is open for tourism from the UK. There are no special entry requirements for South Korea. Check out Ministry of Health, South Korea for more information.

Do I need to quarantine in the UK if I travel from South Korea?

You do not need to quarantine on arrival in the UK from South Korea. The UK no longer requires a passenger locator form, Covid-19 test or proof of vaccination.

What is the flight time to South Korea from the UK?

The flight time to South Korea from the UK is typically 11 hours .

Flights to South Korea

What is the time difference between South Korea and the UK?

The time difference between South Korea and the UK is UK time+9 hours .

What is the main language spoken in South Korea?

The main language spoken in South Korea is Korean . Learn a language for South Korea with Rosetta Stone * and Rocket Languages * .

What is the currency in South Korea?

The currency in South Korea is the South Korean Won ( KRW ). Send money to South Korea with Wise.com * .

Which plugs are used in South Korea?

South Korea uses electrical plug type C + F (220 Volts) .

Which side of the road do they drive on in South Korea?

They drive on the right side of the road in South Korea. Find out more about driving in South Korea with International Drivers Association * .

Transport options for South Korea

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South Korea Travel Advisory

Travel advisory july 24, 2023, south korea - level 1: exercise normal precautions.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Exercise normal precautions in South Korea.

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to South Korea.

If you decide to travel to South Korea:

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.   
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter .   
• Review the  Country Security Report  for South Korea.   
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel.   
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .    

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Travel Vaccines and Advice for South Korea

South Korea is a bustling country of history. The country boasts over 50 million people, beautiful mountain regions and even yellow dust winds from the Gobi Desert in the spring and autumn.

Its capital, Seoul, has five grand palaces which include museums, ponds, scenic overlooks, carved bridges and gates, and beautiful courtyards in their grounds. The country is a can’t miss for any world traveller.

Do I Need Vaccines for South Korea?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for South Korea. The National Travel Health Network and Centre and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for South Korea: COVID-19 , hepatitis B , Japanese encephalitis , rabies and tetanus .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunisations:

• COVID-19 – Airborne – Recommended for all travellers
• Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Recommended for travellers to most regions.
• Tetanus – Wounds or Breaks in Skin – Recommended for travelers to most regions, especially if not previously vaccinated.
• Japanese Encephalitis – Mosquito – Recommended depending on itinerary and activities. Recommended for extended travel, recurrent travellers and travel to rural areas. Present throughout country. Most cases from May to October.
• Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-stay travellers and those who may come in contact with animals.

See the tables below for more information:

The NaTHNaC also recommends travellers be up-to-date on all routine vaccines before any travel, including: measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) , Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) , chickenpox , polio and a flu jab .

Traveller’s diarrhoea is a common issue among travellers. While some infections that cause the symptom can are vaccine-preventable, it can be hard to avoid. Be sure to bring a traveller’s diarrhoea kit.

Visit our vaccinations page to learn more. Travel safely with Passport Health and schedule your appointment today by calling or book online now .

What Other Diseases are in South Korea?

As a developed country, South Korea does not have many diseases that cannot be prevented through vaccination. Be sure to consider the following before your next trip:

• Malaria – Antimalarial medication may be required for your trip. These pills do not protect against mosquito bites, but do prevent malaria. Talk to a Passport Health travel specialist to learn more and see if this option is right for you.
• Tickborne Encephalitis – Spread through tick bites or unpasteurized dairy products, this disease can ruin a trip. Travellers doing outdoor activities are at higher risk of catching the virus. Take extra precautions from April to November. The peak number of reported cases in early and late summer.
• H5N1 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) – Bird flu is a respiratory disease often spread by infected birds to humans. There have been no human cases of avian influenza reported in South Korea, but there is some risk in the region. The effect of the bird flu on humans can range from flu-like symptoms to death.

Do I Need a Visa to Travel to South Korea?

UK citizens do not need a visa for travel to South Korea that lasts less than 90 days. Visas may be required for other types of travel. Passports must be valid for at least three months.

Sources: Embassy of South Korea and GOV.UK

What is the Climate Like in South Korea?

South Korea’s climate is temperate with varying seasons. The country has long, cold winters, short hot summers, and short spring and autumn seasons.

Winters bring regular snowfall, with average temperatures around -6 degrees Celsius. Rainfall is common in the summer and temperatures tend to stay around 21-24 degrees. Spring and fall usually stay around 15 degrees.

The late summer brings the wet season, called “changma”, from July to August. Severe storms and flooding can occur during this time. Mosquitoes and other insects are more common as well. Typhoon season is from May to November.

While rain storms are not common in spring and fall, yellow dust winds are common. This dust originates from the Gobi Desert and hangs around in the air causing limited visibility for those caught in it. Protection from the dust is recommended.

How Safe is South Korea?

As a developed nation, South Korea is generally safe. But, there are some items to consider before going there.

Tensions with North Korea are usually high. Incidents have been known to occur along the DMZ. But, these are generally isolated to the region.

If you plan on motoring in South Korea, be sure to research traffic laws. The traffic fatality rate is higher than some other countries. Motorists are automatically presumed to be at fault in accidents involving pedestrians.

Typhoon season is from May to November and monsoon season from June to August. While these rarely pose threats to travellers, it is good to be prepared.

Petty crime does occur in South Korea. When travelling, be sure to take normal precautions like not walking alone at night and keeping an eye on your surroundings.

Pirated and forged goods may be available in South Korea. But, these items are not legal there or in the United Kingdom. It may seem normal to buy them if they are well circulated but purchasing or selling them is still illegal.

The Five Palaces of Seoul

If you want to get an impressive sense of South Korea and Seoul’s history and culture, checking out each of the five palaces. Three out of the five are larger and more well-known than the other two. But, each has its merits, and all share a distinct beauty.

• Gyeongbokgung – Built in 1395, Gyeongbokgung is the oldest and the largest palace. Visitors can enjoy changing of the guard ceremonies, visit ornamental gardens, museums, a lake and island overlook and more. Gyeongbokgung was once burnt down in 1592 and left in ruins for 300 years. It has been restored to much of its former glory through reconstruction. Its name means “Palace Greatly Blessed by Heaven”.
• Changdeokgung – Built in 1405, the it’s name translates to “Palace of Virtue”. This castle has been destroyed and repaired many times over its long history. It can only be seen through a guided tour. Changdeokgung has a grand entrance with a large gate followed by a stone bridge with carved guardian animals. Inside you will find a many buildings made for a variety of purposes. There are also pavilions, ponds, brooks and gardens. Special monthly Moonlight Tours are available from April to June.
• Changgyeonggung – Built in 1483, Changgyeonggung is the “Palace of Flourishing Gladness”. At one point the grounds were changed to be a zoo with a botanical garden. But, that was done under Japanese rule, and since then those elements have been removed. Changgyeonggung now features two ponds in the back and its original style. It is also a short walk away from Changdeokgung.
• Deoksugung – Though it is called the “Palace of Virtuous Longevity”, Deoksugung wasn’t a palace until 1592 after palaces were destroyed during Japanese invasion. Deoksugung has the most Western-style buildings including an art museum and forested gardens. Though it is three times smaller than it once was, its peculiar mix of architectural styles make it worth a visit.
• Gyeonghuigung – This palace is small in comparison to the others, but still worthwhile. It is the “Palace of Serene Harmony” and was built in 1623 as a “secondary palace”. The palace was actually leveled for a primary school during Japanese occupation. Gyeonghuigung contains the Seoul Museum of History making it a must-see.

What Should I Pack for South Korea?

Think ahead on what to pack by perusing these suggestions:

• Appropriate items for the weather – South Korea can be warm, wet, or very cold. Be sure to pack for the time of year and the activities you wish to do. Consider items such as sun cream, dehumidifiers, and clothing that can easily be layered.
• Protection for more hazardous weather – South Korea has its wet/monsoon season (changma) from July to August, typhoon season from May to November, and yellow dust winds during the Spring and Autumn seasons. Many Koreans wear surgical masks or similar attire to protect their lungs from the potentially damaging yellow dust. Water-protective gear is good to consider during the heavy rain of the Summer.
• First aid kit/traveller’s diarrhoea kit – It is always useful to have important first aid kit items whilst travelling, such as bandages and antibacterial wipes. the NaTHNaC also advises to bring a traveller’s diarrhoea kit to help deal with the effects of the illness should it be necessary.
• Insect repellent – With the possibility of malaria and tickborne encephalitis it is especially important to ward against mosquitoes and ticks.
• Copies of your passport and travel documents – In case of lost luggage or theft, bring copies of important documents.
• Adapters for Electronics – South Korea uses a standard voltage of 220 V whilst 12V is used in America. Many of your electrical devices (hair dryers, chargers, etc) may not be compatible. Bringing adapters for these items is a must.

Embassy of the United Kingdom in South Korea

If you are in South Korea and have an emergency (for example, been attacked, arrested or someone has died) contact the nearest consular services. Contact the embassy before arrival if you have additional questions on entry requirements, safety concerns or are in need of assistance.

British Embassy Seoul Sejong-daero 19-gil 24 Seoul Jung-gu 04519 South Korea Telephone: +82 (0)2 3210 5500 Emergency Phone: +82 (0)2 3210 5500 Fax: +82 (0)2 725 1738 Contact Form: Click Here

Stay safe abroad with Passport Health. Ring or book online now and start travelling safely today!

On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for South Korea? What Other Diseases are in South Korea? Do I Need a Visa to Travel to South Korea? What is the Climate Like in South Korea? How Safe is South Korea? The Five Palaces of Seoul What Should I Pack for South Korea? Embassy of the United Kingdom in South Korea

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South Korea holidays 2024 & 2025

Buddhist temples, imperial palaces, futuristic architecture and markets so vast they take up whole city blocks…South Korea is a multifaceted destination. Our specialists know the country well and can introduce you to its many attractions, from Seoul’s 14th-century palaces and Gyeongju’s tombs to the volcanic landscape of Jeju Island .

Along with seeing the country’s main highlights , we’ll help you explore Korean culture which sees ancient traditions, customs and craftsmanship sit side by side with cutting-edge technology, karaoke bars and quirky cat cafés.

Take a trip to the North Korean border zone  for a better understanding of the region’s complex politics, explore the markets with a local for a taste of the country’s finest specialities, or hike to mountainside grottoes for views of the rugged coast. Whatever you decide to do, our specialists will ensure you make the most of your South Korea holiday.

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Suggested tours for South Korea

These tours give you a starting point for what your holiday to South Korea could entail. Treat them as inspiration, as each trip is created uniquely for you.

Classic South Korea tour

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A family adventure in South Korea

11 days from £5,080pp

Suggested activities for South Korea

Whatever your interests, our specialists will build activities into your trip that connect to how you want to experience South Korea.

Tour to the North Korean border zone

A buffer zone between North and South Korea, the Demilitarized Zone can only be visited on a guided tour which offers the chance to see its observation posts and tunnels and learn about the history of the Korean War.

Highlights of Gyeongju tour

The imperial capital for almost a millennium, Gyeongju is home to South Korea’s richest collection of historical buildings. Royal tombs and palaces, temples and pagodas dot the area and offer an insight into the enduring success of the Silla Dynasty.

Tour of Eastern Jeju Island

Explore the volcanic cones, crater rims and lava tubes of east Jeju on a private guided tour to learn about the region’s geological history. See languid Udo Island and take in some of Jeju Island’s best views.

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Best time to visit

Our specialists advise on the best months to visit South Korea, including information about climate, events and festivals.

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Useful information for planning your holiday in South Korea

South Korea’s fresh, complex, spicy food is a trip highlight, and you should try Korean barbecue, the national staple kimchi (spicy fermented cabbage), and the country’s signature fried chicken while here. Fish is another mainstay and is often served raw, and you’ll also find plenty of dishes made from beef, pork, and chicken, with almost everything served with kimchi and gochujang (red chili paste).

For a culinary treat, seek out temple food. A food movement with its roots in the country’s Buddhist temples, it champions a vegan, slow-food ethic and is often made with foraged ingredients lovingly formed into healthy dishes with rich layers of vegetables, herbs, and spices.

The national drink, soju, is a strong rice wine with a widely variable alcoholic content. You’ll also find beer served throughout the country, especially alongside fried chicken.

The official language of South Korea is Korean. English is often spoken in Seoul, but the further from the city you go, the less likely you are to encounter English.

The currency of South Korea is the won (KRW). You’ll find ATMs in cities and larger towns, and credit cards are accepted in hotels, and in larger restaurants and stores. In small businesses, markets, and in rural areas you’ll need to pay in cash.

Tipping isn’t expected in South Korea.

For the latest travel advice for South Korea, including entry requirements, health information, and the safety and security situation, please refer to the  Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office website .

Royal palaces and temples, volcanic peaks, avant-garde cities, traditional markets, a poignant history, and lively contemporary culture collide in South Korea. It’s a country where ancient traditions sit alongside cutting-edge technology, and temple visits are as popular as karaoke bars and cat cafes.

You could wander city markets for a taste of everyday life, take a tour of Seoul’s street food stalls , or explore K-pop culture on a tour of modern Seoul. Learn about the Korean War and its lasting legacy on a tour of the North Korean border zone , or hike up volcanic cones, around basalt cliffs, and through lava tubes on eastern Jeju island .

You can learn about ancient history in the Bulguksa Royal Temple Complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, explore a whole town dedicated to art and crafts, or simply relax on the beach in designer style.

South Korea’s hotels have a sleek design and lofty standards and range from themed boutique hotels to modern, minimalist retreats, and international chains. For example, you could stay in a stylish, five-star hotel with a Michelin-starred restaurant in Seoul, a high-rise, high-tech tower on the waterfront in Busan, a large, international-style hotel with spa, gym, and pool, or a boutique hotel with a silver-screen theme.

You’ll also find large waterfront resorts on the coast with contemporary design and pools, spas, and often water sports. For more ideas take a look at our places to stay in South Korea .

South Korea’s highlights include the dynamic capital Seoul, beachfront Busan, imperial Gyeongju, and volcanic Jeju island. Most visitors arrive in Seoul , a multi-faceted city where 14th-century palaces butt up against massive malls, traditional markets, karaoke bars, and gleaming skyscrapers.

From here, you can take a trip to the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), the no-man’s land that separates North and South Korea, to learn about the region’s complex history. Head to Gyeongju , the imperial capital for almost 1,000 years, to visit palaces, pagodas, and temples, or Busan for markets, hot springs, and time on the beach.

For more outdoor activities, Jeju island offers the chance to hike up South Korea’s highest peak, explore volcanic craters and lava caves, or watch the island’s female free divers harvest oysters, abalone, and clams right off the beach.

It takes around 12 hours to fly from the UK to South Korea.

The time zone in South Korea is UTC+9 hours. Daylight Savings Time isn’t observed.

The best way to get around in South Korea is by high-speed train. The high-speed rail network links major cities and is efficient and comfortable. Combined with a private driver and guide to take you to regional destinations, you’ll be able to get to all the main attractions with ease.

UK citizens don’t need a visa to visit South Korea for stays of up to 90 days, though you may be asked for evidence of an onward or return ticket. Citizens of other countries should check their visa requirements.

UK citizens are currently exempt from the requirement for a Korean Electronic Travel Authorization (K-ETA) and will be until December 2024. Prior to this, electronic travel authorisations could be obtained cheaply and easily online. You can check up-to-date requirements on the K-ETA website .

Your doctor can advise you on any vaccines you may need for travel to South Korea, but you should also ensure you’re up to date with the recommended vaccinations at home. You can also check the suggested vaccinations on the  Travel Health Pro website .

Your passport should be valid for a minimum of six months from the date you arrive in South Korea and have at least two blank pages.

South Korea in pictures

Our expert guides to travelling in South Korea

Written by our specialists from the viewpoint of their own travels, these guides will help you decide on the shape of your own trip to South Korea. Aiming to inspire and inform, we share our recommendations for how to appreciate South Korea at its best.

What to do in South Korea: our highlights guide

Having explored the country in detail, our South Korea specialist Rory has compiled his trip highlights, from Seoul’s modern metropolis to Gyeongju’s Silla-dynasty temples and palaces.

A brief introduction to Korean food

Spicy kimchi, steaming pots of soup, and DIY barbecue joints — South Korean cuisine is as bold and complex as the country’s culture. South Korea specialist Rebecca offers a brief introduction to the dishes and eateries you’re likely to find.

Discover more about South Korea on our blog

Surfing the Hallyu: a guide to South Korea’s pop culture

Top 10 under-the-radar destinations

4 travel trends for 2023

Other popular destinations.

Still looking for ideas? If South Korea has captured your interest, we think you might also like these destinations.

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South Korea discusses joining part of Aukus pact with US, UK and Australia

SYDNEY - South Korea has held talks about joining part of the Aukus defence deal between the US, Britain and Australia, Defence Minister Shin Won-sik said on May 1, only weeks after the pact said it would consider including Japan.

Formed in 2021, Aukus is a two-stage security pact to counteract China’s growing power in the Asia-Pacific region.

While a first stage to give Australia nuclear submarine technology is limited to the core trio, they have raised the possibility of other countries joining a second stage, or “Pillar 2”, that aims to share other military technology.

South Korea could contribute to that second stage with its defence, science and technological capabilities, Mr Shin said at a news conference after a meeting between Australia and South Korea’s foreign and defence ministers in Melbourne.

“During today’s meeting, we also discussed the possibility of partnering with Aukus Pillar 2,” he said.

“We support Aukus Pillar 2 activities and we do welcome that members are considering Korea as an Aukus Pillar 2 partner.”

South Korea, with its close ties to the US and world-leading defence industry, has long been tipped as a potential Pillar 2 partner along with Canada, New Zealand and Japan.

Less than a month ago, the Aukus partners announced they were considering working with Japan on specific Pillar 2 defence projects and would hold talks over its involvement in 2024.

“Korea is a country with deeply impressive technology where we do have shared values,” said Australian Defence Minister Richard Marles.

“As Aukus Pillar 2 develops, there will be opportunities in the future, and we’re seeing that play out in relation to Japan as well.”

While South Korea has expressed its interest in being part of the Aukus arrangement, New Zealand is “a long way” from being able to make a decision on this, the country’s foreign minister said on May 1.

Foreign Minister Winston Peters said New Zealand must better understand the potential opportunities of cooperating with the pact on technologies, weigh up the economic and security benefits, and decide if it is in the national interest.

“The government is a long way from this point of being able to make such a decision,” he said in a speech to the New Zealand Institute of International Affairs in Wellington.

“But we should emphasise that it would be utterly irresponsible for any government of any stripe to not consider whether collaborating with like-minded partners on advances in technology is in our national interest.”

There is no suggestion that New Zealand, which has a long history of being nuclear-free, would join the first stage.

Mr Peters said before New Zealand could look at participating in Pillar 2, those involved in Aukus would need to want New Zealand to participate.

“That precondition has not yet been met,” he said.

New Zealand has become increasingly vocal about what it sees as growing security risks in the Pacific and more globally.

“Remorseless pressure is being exerted across it as beachheads are sought and influence peddled,” Mr Peters said.

Domestic critics of joining Aukus include former New Zealand prime minister Helen Clark, who has warned it would undermine the country’s independent foreign policy. Others have questioned Aukus’ aim of containing China and raised concern about its impact on New Zealand’s anti-nuclear status.

China, a vocal critic of the pact, said in April that adding new members would destabilise the region.

Expanding the pact faces hurdles from strict US restrictions on sharing technology, which Canberra and London worry could bog down the deal for all if new members are added too quickly.

The US State Department on April 30 unveiled a plan to relax those restrictions and make it easier to transfer military gear and sensitive technology to Britain and Australia. REUTERS

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South Korea’s parliament approves independent investigation of the devastating 2022 Halloween crush

Bereaved family members of the victims of the Halloween crush in 2022 react at the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea, Thursday, May 2, 2024. South Korea’s parliament on Thursday approved legislation mandating a new, independent investigation into the 2022 Halloween crush in Seoul that killed 159 people. (AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon)

The National Assembly passes a special bill for a new probe into the Halloween crush in 2022 in Seoul, South Korea, Thursday, May 2, 2024. South Korea’s parliament on Thursday approved legislation mandating a new, independent investigation into the 2022 Halloween crush in Seoul that killed 159 people. (AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon)

FILE - Rescue workers treat injured people on a street near the scene of a crush in Seoul, South Korea, on Oct. 30, 2022. South Korea’s parliament on Thursday, May 2, 2024 approved legislation mandating a new, independent investigation into the 2022 Halloween crush in Seoul that killed 159 people. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man, File)

Bereaved family members of the victims of the Halloween crush in 2022 and opposition lawmakers shout during a press conference at the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea, Thursday, May 2, 2024. South Korea’s parliament on Thursday approved legislation mandating a new, independent investigation into the 2022 Halloween crush in Seoul that killed 159 people. (AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon)

FILE - Injured people are helped at a street near the scene of a crush in Seoul, South Korea, on Oct. 30, 2022. South Korea’s parliament on Thursday, May 2, 2024 approved legislation mandating a new, independent investigation into the 2022 Halloween crush in Seoul that killed 159 people. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man, File)

Bereaved family members of the victims of the Halloween crush in 2022 and opposition lawmakers hold a press conference at the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea, Thursday, May 2, 2024. South Korea’s parliament on Thursday approved legislation mandating a new, independent investigation into the 2022 Halloween crush in Seoul that killed 159 people. (AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon)

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SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — South Korea’s parliament on Thursday approved special legislation mandating a new, independent investigation into the 2022 Halloween crush in Seoul that killed 159 people.

The single-chamber National Assembly passed the bill by a 256-0 vote. It will become law after it is signed by conservative President Yoon Suk Yeol and promulgated by his government agency — steps that are considered formalities because the president and his ruling party already agreed on the legislation.

The bill is meant to delve into the root cause of the crush, and look at how authorities handled the disaster and who should be blamed for it. It envisages the creation of a fact-finding committee with nine members that would independently examine the disaster for up to 15 months.

Once the committee determines who is responsible and who should face charges, it would report them to the government’s investigation agencies. The agencies would then be required to conclude investigations of the suspects within three months, according to the bill.

The crush, one of the biggest peacetime disasters in South Korea, caused a nationwide outpouring of grief. The victims, who were mostly in their 20s and 30s, had gathered in Seoul’s popular nightlife district of Itaewon for Halloween celebrations.

In the aftermath of the tragedy, there was also anger that the government had again ignored safety and regulatory issues despite the lessons learned since the 2014 sinking of the ferry Sewol , which killed 304 people — mostly teenagers on a school trip.

In early 2023, a police special investigation concluded that police and municipal officials failed to formulate effective crowd control steps, despite correctly anticipating a huge number of people in Itaewon. At the time, investigators said police had also ignored hotline calls by pedestrians who warned of swelling crowds before the surge turned deadly.

More than 20 police and other officials have been on trial over the disaster but few top-level officials have been charged or held accountable, prompting bereaved families and opposition lawmakers to call for an independent probe.

Ahead of the vote, Kim Kyo-heung from the main liberal opposition Democratic Party and chairman of parliament’s safety committee expressed hope the probe would determine responsibility for the disaster and structural problems behind the crush, as well as formulate steps to prevent similar disasters.

Families of the victims welcomed the bill while rallying outside the National Assembly.

“I think today is indeed the most memorable day for our bereaved families,” said Lee Jeong-min, a representative for the families. “It wasn’t possible without the support of opposition lawmakers and many citizens who have sympathized with us. I’d like to say we really thank them.”

President Yoon had previously opposed a new investigation of the disaster. In January, he vetoed a similar bill for an independent investigation of the Itaewon crush that had passed through parliament.

However, during a meeting with Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung Monday, he said he wouldn’t oppose it, should some existing disputes be resolved, such as whether the fact-finding committee can request arrest warrants.

A shift in Yoon’s position came as he faces growing public calls to cooperate with Lee’s party, which scored a massive win in the April 10 parliamentary election , extending its control of parliament for another four years.

In a meeting with Yoon’s ruling People Power Party on Wednesday, Lee’s party agreed to remove contentious clauses from the draft bill.

The Democratic Party’s chief policymaker, Jin Sung-joon, said the party had accepted demands by the president and his ruling party in the interest of the “bereaved families, who said they can’t wait any longer.”

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South Sudan

Getting help.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ( FCDO ) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in South Sudan

There are no central emergency numbers in South Sudan.

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If you are in South Sudan and need emergency help from the UK government, contact the British High Commission in Nairobi, Kenya , who provide consular assistance for South Sudan.

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