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The Best Things to See and Do in Baalbek, Lebanon

Freelance Writer

Baalbek is one of the most visited sites in Lebanon for its history and cultural relevance. People from all over the world come every year to experience everything the Lebanese district has to offer. If you still haven’t visited, here are the best things to see and do in Baalbek.

See the roman ruins.

One of the most iconic landmarks in Lebanon, the Roman Ruins in Baalbek are a must for any tourist. Originally a site of Phoenician worship, the temples were taken over by the Romans after their colonization. What was once the home of Astarte became the home of Venus, the Goddess of Love. The same site also endured the Christian and Islamic eras to become what it is today. Walk the historical steps as you marvel Baalbek’s towering structures.

Learn about the Stone of the Pregnant Woman

See the Sayeda Khawla Shrine

If you’re interested in seeing majestic Arabesque architecture, which defines many countries in the Arab world, Sayeda Khawla Shrine is a good place to experience a taste. A site of reverence for Shia Muslims, the shrine is well-kept as her burial site is thought of as a source of blessing.

Try this iconic pastry

Lebanon is known for its tasty pastries like Manou’ch, sweets and much more. This Baalbek specialty, called the Safeeha Baalbakiyyeh, is a meat-based pocket. It is made by placing a mixture of meat, onion, pepper and spices on the dough and forming a square. It is a variation of the normal Safiha you might have encountered, which is the same meat mixture on a flatbread or pita bread. All of these are served baked to perfection and are definitely an essential part of any tourist’s experience.

Attend the Baalbek International Festival

Happening since 1955, the Baalbek International Festival is one of Lebanon’s biggest music events with local and international artists hailing from all over the world each year! Names like Elton John, Ella Fitzgerald, Nina Simone and Umm Kulthum have all graced the stage of the festival. If you are in Lebanon this summer, make sure to check out this incredible event.

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Visiting baalbek: a day trip from beirut to see the roman ruins of lebanon.

If you are planning your Lebanon itinerary , visiting Baalbek should undoubtedly be at the top of your list. As a highlight of the country, Baalbek stands as a testament to Lebanon’s rich history and cultural heritage.

So, if you’re wondering how to organize a day trip from Beirut to Baalbek, I am here to help you out. In this article, I’m sharing everything you need to know about visiting Baalbek’s Roman ruins on a day trip. From transportation options to pricing information and practical tips for your visit, you’ll have all the information you need to make the most of your time exploring this ancient wonder.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Baalbek

Baalbek, also known as Heliopolis in antiquity, is Lebanon’s most impressive archeological site, recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. With a history of over 9,000 years, Baalbek has witnessed the rise and fall of numerous civilizations, each leaving an indelible mark on its landscape. From its origins as a Phoenician sanctuary dedicated to the god Baal to its transformation into a thriving Roman colony known as Heliopolis, Baalbek has served as a center of worship, commerce, and cultural exchange throughout the ages.

The Roman era, in particular, saw Baalbek reach its peak with the construction of monumental temples and structures that continue to awe visitors today. Among these architectural marvels, the Temple of Jupiter and the Temple of Bacchus are a testament to the enduring legacy of the Roman Empire and the remarkable architectural achievements of ancient civilizations.

Why Visiting Baalbek, Lebanon?

No trip to Lebanon is complete without a visit to the magnificent Baalbek. Visiting Baalbek is more than just a journey through history – it’s an impressive and exciting experience that allows travelers to immerse themselves in Lebanon’s ancient past and cultural heritage. Marveling the towering temples, tracing the footsteps of ancient civilizations, and soaking in all that Baalbek has to offer promises a day trip that will leave a lasting impression on all who visit.

Interesting Facts About Baalbek

• In ancient times, Baalbek was known as Heliopolis, meaning “City of the Sun,” in reference to worshipping the sun god Baal.
• The Temple of Jupiter was regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (unfortunately, tho it was not officially recognized).
• The stones used in the construction of the Baalbek Temples weigh up to (and over) 800 tons.
• There is a network of complex underground passages beneath the Baalbek Complex. Their true purpose, however, is still unknown.
• Baalbek benefits from the Beqaa Valley’s fertile soil, which has made the region ideal for agriculture, a factor that has contributed to the prosperity of the ancient city.

What to Visit at the Baalbek Temple Ruins Complex?

Everything? Visit everything! The whole complex is 964145274124758% worth visiting and you can calmly explore it in a matter of 2 to 3 hours. The Baalbek Temple ruins complex highlights include the Temple of Jupiter, the Temple of Bacchus, the Great Court, and the Temple of Venus. And don’t forget to look up to see the well-preserved details that remain until today. I was blown by them.

Where Is Baalbek Located in Lebanon?

Baalbek is situated approximately 85 kilometers northeast of Beirut in the beautiful Beqaa Valley of Lebanon.

Is it Safe to Visit Baalbek, Lebanon?

Generally, visiting Baalbek and Lebanon as a whole is safe. However, Baalbek is located in the Beqaa Valley, which is heavily controlled by Hezbollah. I would assume you know what that means and won’t go into political details but in short, the political landscape in the region can undergo rapid changes. That is why it is best to stay informed about the current situation in the area and only plan a visit to Baalbek if there is no advice against doing so. Often, our Western governments are not the most reliable sources when it comes to advising on visiting current areas, especially in the Middle East , so I would check with the Lebanese people. If you don’t have any Lebanese friends, you can DM one of the Travel Lebanon types of pages on Instagram or email a local tour agency.

When Is the Best Time to Visit Baalbek?

You can visit Baalbek all year round. However, the best time to visit the Baalbek Temple ruins complex is during the spring (April to June) and fall (September to November) when the weather is mild and pleasant.

If you are not visiting Baalbek on a day trip from Beirut but instead have stayed in the city the night before, I recommend visiting the complex in the morning, as early as it opens, to avoid the high temperatures, as well as the crowds.

What to Wear When Visiting Baalbek?

When visiting Baalbek, wearing comfortable clothing and footwear (no flip-flops, please) is recommended. Lebanon is mostly a Muslim country, but still, it is okay to wear t-shirts and shorts even as a woman, although if you’re visiting by yourself or traveling by public transportation, I wouldn’t recommend it as you’re guaranteed to attract unwanted attention. As I will share below, we hired a driver to get us from Beirut to Baalbek and back, and since I wasn’t alone, I was comfortable visiting Baalbek dressed in a sleeveless jumpsuit.

You should also take with you a hat, sunscreen, and water.

How to Get from Beirut to Baalbek?

Getting from Beirut to Baalbek is relatively straightforward, with several transportation options: car, minivan/shared taxi, private transfer, and tour.

Car rentals are available throughout Lebanon for everyone who wishes to explore the country independently and flexibly. The road from Beirut to Baalbek is in good condition, and the travel journey takes around 2-3 hours, depending on traffic conditions and the route taken. The road follows the Beirut-Damascus highway. The price per car rental starts at 18 USD.

By minivan/shared taxi:

Traveling from Beirut to Baalbek via public transportation in the form of a minivan (marshrutka) is another option. To begin your journey to Baalbek, you first need to get a taxi (I recommend using Uber while traveling in Lebanon) to the Cola intersection, from where the minivans to Baalbek depart. At Cola station, you can find many minivans traveling to different destinations. Just ask around there for a minivan heading to Baalbek, and you’ll be directed to the right one. Currently, no direct minivans travel from Beirut to Baalbek, so you’ll need to change in Chatura. The journey via public transportation takes approximately 3 to 4 hours, depending on traffic and stops along the way. The minivans have no schedule, but you shouldn’t expect to wait much.

Private transfer:

For those looking for a hassle-free travel experience, hiring a private transfer is the best option to travel from Beirut to Baalbek. This is how we opted to travel and visit Baalbek. We chose the cheapest option available on TripAdvisor and connected with the organization  (Zingy Ride) to book the trip via WhatsApp. We paid 55 USD each for this trip, including a driver and an air-conditioned vehicle, parking fees, and a hotel pick-up and drop-off. First, we were driven to visit Anjar, then we visited Baalbek, had lunch afterward, and finally, we finished our day tour at Chateau Ksara. We paid all entry and tour-associated fees separately. The driver never rushed us, so we visited it all at our own pace.

There are many Beirut to Baalbek tours available that you can choose from. They differentiate by their itineraries, services included, and, of course, price. I can recommend Lebanon by nature – they organize different tours around the country every weekend and can also organize a bespoke tour upon request. We went on an evening stargazing hike with them and were very happy with the experience that we had.

How Much Does it Cost to Visit Baalbek?

The cost of visiting Baalbek can vary depending on several factors, including transportation, admission fees, and the current LBP to USD rate, which changes on a daily basis. Generally, this is how much you can expect to pay to visit Baalbek:

• The entry fee is 10 USD.
• Traveling to Baalbek by public transportation will cost you 5-6 USD (one way).
• Tour prices start at 55 USD.

Other Places to Visit Near Baalbek

If you get a tour or rent a car to visit Baalbek, I would recommend checking other places on the way, too. On our day trip from Beirut to Baalbek, we also got to visit these two interesting places:

Founded during the 8th century, the city of Anjar was an inland trading center at the crossroads of two important routes: one connecting the Mediterranean coast with the Syrian interior and the other linking northern Syria with northern Palestine. Compared to the Baalbek ruins complex, Anjar is smaller and takes less time to visit. It is absolutely worth it tho, so I highly recommend making the detour. The distance between Baalbek and Anjar is 45 km or less than an hour.

Chateau Ksara:

We finished our day trip from Beirut to Baalbek with a wine tasting at Chateau Ksara. Founded in 1987, it reigns as the oldest winery in the Middle East and is the perfect place to relax after a day full of sightseeing. The winery is situated halfway between Beirut and Baalbek. You can opt for a wine tasting with a winery tour or the same with a tour of the wine fields included.

Other Places to Visit in Lebanon

Known as the “Paris of the Middle East” during its Golden Age, Beirut is a chaotic blend of modern and ancient charm, history, culture, and nightlife. Nowadays, unfortunately, the city is no longer as beautiful and attractive as it has been in its glory days, but it is absolutely worth visiting nonetheless. Beirut has literally survived the test of time and many battles and proudly wears its scars.

Batroun is a charming little town nestled along the northern coast of Lebanon on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Once a fishing village, this well-preserved old town has witnessed the passage of time, bearing witness to the rise and fall of ancient empires. From its Phoenician origins, possibly dating as far back as the 14th century BC, Batroun has evolved into a bustling coastal destination with a fascinating past. There are numerous things to do in Batroun for everyone, whether you are a history geek, a party animal, or a nature lover.

Byblos, also known as Jbeil in Arabic, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Its history dates back over 7,000 years, making it a UNESCO World Heritage site. The city was once a major center of trade and commerce and played a significant role in the development of the Phoenician civilization. One day in Byblos is enough to visit all of the town’s highlights.

I hope that this article gave you a good overview of visiting Baalbek in Lebanon. If you have any additional questions or comments, please let me know in the comment section below, and don’t hesitate to contact me .

If you like this post, please share it with your friends and follow Owl Over The World on  Facebook  &  Instagram  for more travel tips & inspiration.

Thank you for reading,

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Bilyana is the founder of Owl Over The World and the girl behind the screen. Besides being a travel blogger, she's also a mountain freak and a full-time dream chaser. She writes about her adventures around the world wanting to inspire you to travel more & worry less.

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10 things to do in Baalbeck

1- baalbeck citadel.

The complex of temples at Baalbek is located at the foot of the south-west slope of Anti-Lebanon, bordering the fertile plain of the Bekaa at an altitude of 1150 m.  The city of Baalbek reached its apogee during Roman times.

2- Stone of the the pregnant woman

The largest stone ever found in the world is the Stone of The South or Hajar al Hobla in Baalbek.  So how in the world did someone cut 1500 tons limestone stone with extreme precision, transport them and stack them 7 meters high? Read more 

3- Iaal Column

Iaat is a town and municipality located in the Bekaa Valley mostly famous for its Corinthian column. The column stands at 18 meters (59.1 feet) it is installed on a four huge stone steps. Read more 

4- Qubbat Duris

Duris ,  is a village located approximately 3km  southwest of Baalbeck in the Bekaa Vally. It is the site of a 13th-century Muslim shrine and a necropolis from the late Roman Imperial period that is currently undergoing archaeological investigation.  Read more

5- Sayda Khawla Shrine

The shrine of Sayyida Khawla, the daughter of Imam Hussein and great granddaughter of Prophet Muhammad, is a religious tourist attraction which greets you at the southern entrance of the city of the sun, Baalbek, which was built during the period of the Roman rule. Read more

6- Ummayad Mosque

7- ras el ain public garden, 8- palmyra historic hotel.

Since it was built in 1874, the Hotel Palmyra has never been closed, not for one day. With windows overlooking the ancient Roman temple ruins of Heliopolis, the hotel has entertained famed and favored visitors to Baalbeck for many an era. Read more

9- Try Sfiha Baalbackieh

Sfiha Baalbakiyeh is local speciality in Baalbeck. Its similar to Lahm bi Ajin, but the taste and the shape are different. A visit to the butcher then to the bakers is a must do when you visit Baalbeck.

10- Baalbeck International Festival

The Baalbeck International Festival is the oldest and most prestigious cultural event in the Middle East with a history that spanx six decades. The Festival was launched in 1956 when the President of the Lebanese Republic, Camille Chamoun, announced its creation. Read more

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Virtual Travel

A Smithsonian magazine special report

Virtual Tour Restores Baalbek’s Stunning Roman Temples to Their Former Glory

The free online experience allows users to toggle between views of the ancient Lebanese city today and as it appeared in 215 A.D.

Livia Gershon

Daily Correspondent

Due to Covid-19 restrictions, few visitors can currently travel to Baalbek , a city in Lebanon’s Bekaa Valley that houses some of the Roman Empire’s greatest temple ruins. Luckily, a new virtual tour allows people anywhere in the world to view the site both as it appears today and as it looked at its peak in 215 A.D.

As Maghie Ghali reports for the Abu Dhabi–based National , the Lebanese Directorate of General Antiquities and the German Archaeological Institute collaborated with virtual tour company Flyover Zone to create the online experience, titled Baalbek Reborn: Temples .

“No list of the world’s most important tourist destinations would be complete without Baalbek, so you can well understand why we jumped at the opportunity to recreate Baalbek in the Roman period,” Flyover Zone founder Bernard Frischer , who previously led a similar digital reconstruction of ancient Rome , tells the National .

Baalbek, a Unesco World Heritage Site , was a Phoenician city known during the Hellenistic period as Heliopolis. Under the Roman Empire, Baalbek reached its most impressive state, housing a complex of temples built over a period of more than 200 years. Pilgrims visited the city to worship the Romanized “triad” of Heliopolis : the deities Jupiter, Venus and Mercury.

The city’s most impressive building, the sanctuary of the Heliopolitan Jupiter, boasted 65-foot-tall columns placed atop 3,000-ton stone blocks, according to Elif Batuman of the New Yorker . Other places of worship at the site included the Round Temple , which was dedicated to Venus, and an intricately decorated temple honoring Bacchus. Today, notes Unesco , Baalbek’s Temple of Mercury is mostly destroyed.

Frischer says the site was home to one of the most important oracles of the ancient world. This Baalbek prophet was dedicated to Heliopolitan Jupiter.

“Emperors consulted it,” he tells the National . “Everyone wanted to know whether they should get married, take a trip or start a business, start a war, and they all asked the oracle.”

The free app—available for computer, mobile devices and virtual reality headsets—offers interactive, 360-degree views of 38 locations in the city, reports Robert McKelvey for Al Jazeera . Users can listen to expert audio commentary in Arabic, English, French or German and call up additional images and text for more information about specific spots. They can also toggle between seeing the buildings as they appear today and as they looked almost 2,000 years ago.

“The representation you can see will be tailored to the content of the commentary,” Henning Burwitz, a building historian and architect with the German Archaeological Institute, tells Al Jazeera . “If we explain the site today, you will see it as it looks today but if we talk about what it looked like in 215, the image will switch automatically to take you on a time travel to the year 215 and to show you what it looked like in antiquity.”

Humans have lived in the area now known as Baalbek since at least 9000 B.C. Under the Phoenicians, the city became a center for the worship of the sky-god Baal and the goddess Astarte.

Per Encyclopedia Britannica , Baalbek was controlled by Greece, Egypt and the Seleucid Empire before coming under Roman domain in the first century B.C. Between 1898 and 1903, a German expedition excavated the Roman temples. The French and Lebanese governments later cleared and repaired the site.

“There’s just something very special about the place,” Burwitz tells Al Jazeera. “It’s scientifically an extremely interesting place, being one of the more eastern Roman cities and sanctuaries. It’s quite a statement to build something like this in such a remote part of the Roman Empire.”

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Livia Gershon | | READ MORE

Livia Gershon is a daily correspondent for Smithsonian. She is also a freelance journalist based in New Hampshire. She has written for JSTOR Daily , the Daily Beast , the Boston Globe , HuffPost  and Vice , among others.

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The ultimate guide to the Baalbek Temple Ruins in Lebanon: Monolithic Roman ruins conquered by Alexander the Great

Nestled within the heart of Lebanon lies a historical marvel that has withstood the test of time and witnessed the rise and fall of empires. The Baalbek Temple Ruins, an awe-inspiring testament to ancient engineering and imperial conquest, beckon modern-day adventurers and history enthusiasts to embark on a journey through time.

Standing as an indomitable symbol of Roman grandeur, these monolithic wonders have not only captured the imagination of archaeologists and scholars but have also enticed countless curious souls to delve into their enigmatic past. Among the echoes of the past, the resounding footsteps of none other than Alexander the Great himself can be heard, adding a layer of mystique to these already captivating ruins.

In this comprehensive guide, we invite you to accompany us on an exploration of the Baalbek Temple Ruins, as we uncover the stories etched into these ancient stones and the remarkable legacy they continue to impart.

The history of Baalbek - Roman Temple ruins in Lebanon

The history of the Baalbek Roman Temple ruins in Lebanon is a captivating journey through the annals of time, where architectural marvels, imperial dominion, and cultural significance intertwine to create a rich tapestry of historical heritage.

Baalbek's origins can be traced back to the Phoenician era, around 900 BCE, when it was known as Heliopolis, dedicated to the worship of the god Baal. During this period, the Phoenicians constructed sanctuaries on the site, laying the foundation for the religious and architectural legacy that would evolve over the centuries.

Under the sway of Alexander the Great's conquest in 334 BCE, Baalbek fell under Hellenistic influence. Renamed "Heliopolis" by the Greeks, the city began to incorporate elements of Greek architecture into its existing structures. This marked the first chapter of the site's transformation, as Greek aesthetics merged with Phoenician heritage.

However, it was during the Roman era that Baalbek's grandeur truly flourished. In 64 BCE, the Romans absorbed the city into their vast empire, and Baalbek flourished as a center of worship and commerce. It was during this time that the most iconic structures, known as the Roman Temple ruins, were constructed. These included the awe-inspiring Temple of Jupiter, the exquisite Temple of Bacchus, and the graceful Temple of Venus.

The Temple of Jupiter, dedicated to the chief Roman god, stood as a colossal testament to Roman engineering prowess. Gigantic stone blocks formed the foundation, and its sheer size left visitors in awe. The Temple of Bacchus, dedicated to the god of wine, boasted intricate carvings, elaborate Corinthian columns, and a level of detailing that showcased the pinnacle of ancient craftsmanship. The Temple of Venus, dedicated to the goddess of love, radiated elegance and reverence.

The decline of the Roman Empire in the 3rd century CE brought about a shift in Baalbek's fate. The city faced invasions, earthquakes, and changing power dynamics that led to a gradual deterioration of its once-thriving urban landscape. Successive rulers, including Arab, Byzantine, and Arab regimes, had varying influence on the ruins.

Despite the challenges, Baalbek's significance endured. European travelers during the 16th to 19th centuries marveled at the ruins and documented their splendor, igniting global interest in this ancient gem. Preservation efforts gained momentum in the 20th century to safeguard the ruins from further degradation, solidifying its status as a cultural treasure.

In 1984, the UNESCO World Heritage Site designation bestowed international recognition upon Baalbek's Roman Temple ruins, acknowledging their historical importance and architectural brilliance. Today, ongoing archaeological excavations and research continue to unveil new layers of Baalbek's history, ensuring that its legacy remains vibrant and enduring. The Baalbek Roman Temple ruins stand not only as a tribute to the past but also as a bridge that connects modern generations to the achievements and aspirations of ancient civilizations.

Was the city of Baalbek an ancient Phoenician city?

Yes, the city of Baalbek has ancient Phoenician origins. Originally known as "Heliopolis" in Phoenician times, it was a significant religious and cultural center dedicated to the worship of the god Baal. The Phoenicians, known for their maritime trade and cultural influence in the ancient Mediterranean region, established Baalbek as a place of reverence and importance.

With the arrival of Alexander the Great and subsequent Hellenistic rule, the city's name was Hellenized to "Heliopolis" and experienced a fusion of Greek architectural elements with its Phoenician heritage. Later, under Roman rule, Baalbek further developed into a major urban center with monumental temples and structures that showcased the grandeur of Roman engineering and architecture.

What does the name Baalbek mean?

The name "Baalbek" is derived from the Semitic languages of the ancient Near East, particularly Phoenician and Canaanite. It is a combination of two words: "Baal" and "Bek/Bekaa."

"Baal": This term refers to a deity, often associated with a god of fertility, weather, and agriculture in various ancient cultures. In the context of Baalbek, it likely refers to the worship of the god Baal, who was significant in Phoenician and Canaanite religious beliefs.

"Bek/Bekaa": This refers to the fertile Bekaa Valley, a region in Lebanon where the city of Baalbek is located. The Bekaa Valley has historically been an agriculturally productive area, making it a vital region for settlements and trade routes.

So, the name "Baalbek" essentially translates to something like "The City of Baal in the Bekaa Valley," reflecting the city's ancient religious and geographical significance.

When was the Baalbek temple built?

The construction of the temples at Baalbek, particularly the most famous ones like the Temple of Jupiter and the Temple of Bacchus, took place during the Roman period. The Temple of Jupiter, the largest and most significant of the temples in Baalbek, was built around the 1st century CE.

The Temple of Bacchus, dedicated to the Roman god of wine, was also constructed during the Roman period, likely in the early 2nd century CE. This temple is known for its remarkable preservation and intricate architectural details.

Overall, the Roman temples of Baalbek were built during the 1st and 2nd centuries CE, reflecting the architectural prowess and grandeur of the Roman Empire during that era.

Who built the ruins in Baalbek?

The Roman Temple ruins in Baalbek, particularly the monumental temples like the Temple of Jupiter and the Temple of Bacchus, were constructed during the Roman period. The actual individuals or architects responsible for their design and construction are not definitively known by name.

However, these structures were built under the patronage of the Roman emperors and with the resources of the Roman Empire. The Temple of Jupiter, for instance, was likely built during the reign of Emperor Augustus or his successors, while the Temple of Bacchus is attributed to the early 2nd century CE.

The construction of these temples required skilled architects, engineers, and laborers who were well-versed in Roman architectural techniques. The influence of various architectural styles, including Roman and Greek elements, is evident in the design and detailing of the structures.

While we may not have specific names associated with the builders, the enduring legacy of these ruins attests to the remarkable craftsmanship and engineering prowess of the ancient Roman civilization.

What are the Baalbek Stones? Was it a Roman Quarry?

The "Baalbek Stones" refer to the massive stone blocks used in the construction of the Roman temples and other structures at the Baalbek archaeological site in Lebanon. These stones are renowned for their size, weight, and the engineering marvel required to transport and assemble them.

The most famous example of the Baalbek Stones is the so-called "Trilithon," which consists of three enormous stone blocks located in the foundation of the Temple of Jupiter. Each of these blocks weighs approximately 800 tons, making them some of the largest quarried stones in the world. The exact methods by which these stones were quarried, transported, and lifted into position remain subjects of historical and archaeological inquiry.

Regarding your question about whether Baalbek was a Roman quarry, yes, it is believed that the site of Baalbek was utilized as a quarry during the Roman period. The stone blocks used in the construction of the temples and other structures were likely quarried in the immediate vicinity of Baalbek. The extracted stones would have been transported a short distance to the construction site, where they were carefully positioned to create the monumental edifices.

The precision and scale of the stone work at Baalbek are indeed indicative of the advanced engineering techniques of the Roman Empire. The site's quarries and the impressive stones they produced are a testament to the ingenuity and architectural achievements of the ancient Romans.

Who destroyed Baalbek Temple in Lebanon?

The Baalbek Temple complex in Lebanon was not destroyed by a single event or entity but rather experienced a combination of factors that led to its decline over the centuries. Unlike some other historical sites that were intentionally destroyed by conquerors, Baalbek's decline was a gradual process influenced by a variety of historical, natural, and cultural changes.

Here are some of the main factors that contributed to the decline of the Baalbek Temple complex:

Earthquakes: The region around Baalbek is prone to earthquakes, and throughout its history, the area has experienced seismic activity that caused damage to the temples and structures. Multiple earthquakes over the centuries may have weakened the buildings and contributed to their deterioration.

Changing Power Dynamics: As different empires and rulers came and went, the region's political landscape shifted. Baalbek came under the control of various powers, including Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, and others. These changes in control could have led to neglect or repurposing of the temples.

Gradual Abandonment: With the decline of the Roman Empire, the temples lost their religious significance and the city faced economic challenges. This could have led to a decline in maintenance and use of the structures.

Cultural and Religious Shifts: As religious beliefs changed over time, the temples may have lost their significance and relevance. New cultures and religious practices could have influenced the way the site was treated and utilized.

Weathering and Time: The passage of time and exposure to the elements can cause natural decay of structures. Weathering, erosion, and other environmental factors could have contributed to the deterioration of the temples.

It's important to note that while the Baalbek Temple complex experienced decline, it was not completely destroyed. Many of the structures still stand today, albeit in various states of preservation. The temples have also undergone restoration and conservation efforts in recent decades to preserve what remains of their historical and architectural significance.

Is Baalbek mentioned in the Bible?

Yes, Baalbek is mentioned in the Bible. It is often referred to as "Baal-Gad" in the Old Testament. Baal-Gad was a Canaanite city located in the region of modern-day Baalbek in Lebanon. In the Book of Joshua (Joshua 11:17, 12:7, 13:5), it is mentioned as one of the cities conquered by Joshua and the Israelites during their conquest of Canaan. Baal-Gad is also referenced in the Book of Judges (Judges 3:3) and in other biblical texts as a location in the land of Canaan. The name "Baal-Gad" is a combination of the Canaanite god "Baal" and "Gad," which is thought to refer to the tribe of Gad.

It's important to note that while Baalbek is associated with these biblical references, the massive Roman temple complex and ruins that it is primarily known for today were constructed centuries later, during the Roman period, and are not directly mentioned in the Bible.

How old is the Baalbek Temple?

The construction of the Temple of Jupiter is believed to have started around the 1st century AD during the Roman period, specifically during the reign of Emperor Augustus. However, the site itself has a longer history of religious significance, dating back to earlier cultures. The foundations of the temple complex might incorporate elements from even earlier structures, possibly from the Hellenistic period.

The Temple of Jupiter and the Baalbek complex as a whole showcase a blend of architectural styles and cultural influences over time. The complex's construction continued through the Roman period and into the reign of Emperor Antoninus Pius. The temple was dedicated to Jupiter, the Roman king of the gods.

The age of the Baalbek temple complex is around 2,000 years old, with its roots in earlier periods of history. It stands as a remarkable example of ancient Roman architecture and engineering, and it is one of the most impressive and well-preserved Roman ruins in the world.

Why should travelers visit the Baalbek Ruins in Lebanon?

Travelers should consider visiting the Baalbek Ruins in Lebanon for a variety of compelling reasons:

Historical Significance: The Baalbek Ruins are a testament to Lebanon's rich history and its role as a crossroads of civilizations. The site has been occupied by various cultures over thousands of years, including the Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, and more.

Roman Architecture: The Baalbek Ruins feature some of the most impressive Roman architecture outside of Rome itself. The Temple of Jupiter, with its massive columns and intricate details, is a prime example of ancient Roman engineering and artistic craftsmanship.

Monolithic Wonders: One of the most intriguing features of the Baalbek Ruins is the presence of massive stone blocks known as "trilithons." These gigantic stones weigh hundreds of tons and remain a mystery as to how they were quarried, transported, and lifted into place with such precision.

Cultural Experience: Exploring the Baalbek Ruins provides travelers with a deep sense of connection to the past and an appreciation for the cultures that once thrived in the region. It's a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in history and gain insights into ancient religious practices.

Archaeological Insights: The ruins offer a glimpse into the past and the lives of the people who inhabited the area. Archaeological excavations have revealed artifacts and structures that shed light on the daily lives, customs, and beliefs of the ancient inhabitants.

Stunning Surroundings: The Baalbek Ruins are set against the backdrop of the beautiful Lebanese countryside, creating a picturesque and memorable setting for exploration and photography.

Educational Value: Visiting the ruins can be an educational experience for both individuals and families. Learning about the history, architecture, and cultural context of the site can be both enriching and enjoyable.

Adventure and Discovery: Exploring the Baalbek Ruins involves walking through ancient structures, climbing stairs, and navigating archaeological sites. This sense of adventure and discovery can make the visit even more exciting.

Cultural Heritage: By visiting the Baalbek Ruins, travelers contribute to the preservation of Lebanon's cultural heritage. Tourism can provide financial support for ongoing restoration efforts and the maintenance of the site.

Unique Travel Experience: Baalbek is not as widely visited as some other historical sites, which means that travelers can often enjoy a more intimate and less crowded experience as they explore the ruins.

What is the Temple of Jupiter?

The Temple of Jupiter is a monumental ancient Roman temple located within the Baalbek archaeological complex in Baalbek, Lebanon. It is one of the most significant structures within the complex and is considered one of the largest and most impressive Roman temples ever built. The temple was dedicated to Jupiter, the king of the Roman gods, and was an essential center of worship during the Roman period.

Key features and aspects of the Temple of Jupiter include:

Massive Size: The temple's sheer size is awe-inspiring. Its platform alone measures around 88 meters long and 48 meters wide. The temple itself stands on a raised platform and is surrounded by a peristyle (a colonnade of columns) on all sides.

Columns and Architecture: The temple's architecture is characterized by its massive columns, many of which are still standing today. The columns are Corinthian in style and are among the largest ever created in the Roman world. The temple's façade includes intricately carved details, showcasing the skill of ancient Roman craftsmen.

Trilithon: One of the most famous aspects of the Temple of Jupiter is the presence of enormous stone blocks known as the "trilithons." These are three massive stones placed on top of one another, forming a massive doorway or entryway. The weight and size of these stones have puzzled researchers for centuries, as they are among the largest monoliths ever quarried and transported in ancient times.

Cultural and Religious Significance: The Temple of Jupiter was a center of religious and cultural activity in the ancient Roman world. It played a crucial role in the worship of Jupiter, and the site was likely visited by pilgrims and worshippers from various regions.

Historical Layers: While the temple is primarily associated with the Roman period, the site itself has earlier layers of history. It is believed that the temple was built on the foundations of earlier structures, potentially dating back to the Hellenistic and even Phoenician periods.

Archaeological Significance: The temple complex, including the Temple of Jupiter, has been the subject of extensive archaeological studies and excavations. These studies have helped uncover details about the construction techniques, historical context, and cultural significance of the site.

The Temple of Jupiter at Baalbek is a remarkable example of ancient Roman architecture and engineering prowess. It stands as a testament to the grandeur and sophistication of the Roman Empire and remains a prominent historical and archaeological site that continues to captivate visitors with its size, craftsmanship, and mysteries.

What is the Temple of Venus (Temple of Bacchus)?

The Temple of Venus, also known as the Temple of Bacchus, is another significant ancient Roman temple located within the Baalbek archaeological complex in Baalbek, Lebanon. It stands adjacent to the larger Temple of Jupiter and is one of the most well-preserved and impressive Roman temples in the complex.

Key features and aspects of the Temple of Venus (Bacchus) include:

Dedication: The temple is often referred to as the Temple of Bacchus due to its association with the Roman god of wine, Bacchus. However, it is also dedicated to Venus, the Roman goddess of love and beauty. The dual dedication to both deities highlights the multifaceted nature of Roman religious practices.

Architecture: The Temple of Venus is renowned for its well-preserved architecture and intricate detailing. Like the Temple of Jupiter, it features Corinthian columns, ornate carvings, and other elements of classical Roman design.

Proportions: The Temple of Venus is often praised for its harmonious proportions and graceful design. It is slightly smaller in scale than the Temple of Jupiter but shares many architectural elements with it.

Peristyle and Interior: The temple is surrounded by a peristyle, which consists of a colonnade of columns encircling the temple. The interior of the temple features a sanctuary or cella where the cult statue of the deity was likely housed.

Integration with Landscape: The temple is situated on a platform and is carefully integrated into the natural landscape. Its location and design take advantage of the surrounding hills and offer stunning views of the surrounding area.

Artistic Detail: The Temple of Venus is known for its well-preserved decorative elements, including intricate friezes, reliefs, and carvings that depict scenes from Roman mythology, religious rituals, and daily life.

Historical Significance: Like the Temple of Jupiter, the Temple of Venus has been the subject of archaeological research and study. It provides insights into Roman religious practices, architectural techniques, and the cultural context of the time.

UNESCO World Heritage Site: The Temple of Venus, along with the entire Baalbek archaeological complex, was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984 due to its historical and cultural significance.

Visiting the Temple of Venus (Bacchus) offers travelers a chance to experience the grandeur and architectural brilliance of ancient Rome. Its proximity to the Temple of Jupiter and other structures in the complex makes Baalbek a treasure trove of ancient history and a captivating destination for those interested in exploring the marvels of Roman civilization.

Baalbek's Stone of the Pregnant Woman

The "Stone of the Pregnant Woman" is a massive stone block located in the ancient city of Baalbek, Lebanon. This stone block is one of the largest monoliths ever quarried by humans, and it remains partially cut from the quarry at the Baalbek archaeological site. The stone is estimated to weigh around 1,000 tons, making it one of the heaviest objects ever moved and worked by ancient civilizations.

The Stone of the Pregnant Woman is situated in the ancient quarry adjacent to the main archaeological complex of Baalbek. It lies on a hillside along with other partially quarried stones. The name "Stone of the Pregnant Woman" is believed to have originated from local legends and folklore rather than any historical evidence.

It's important to note that while the Stone of the Pregnant Woman is impressive in size, it is not part of the finished structures like the Temple of Jupiter or the Temple of Venus. Instead, it was left in the quarry as an unfinished project, likely due to its immense size and the challenges involved in moving and lifting it into place.

The Stone of the Pregnant Woman, along with the other colossal stone blocks in the Baalbek quarry, has captured the fascination of archaeologists, historians, and enthusiasts alike. The question of how ancient civilizations were able to quarry, transport, and work with such massive stones remains a topic of debate and speculation. While there are various theories about the methods employed, there is no definitive answer, adding to the mystery and allure of Baalbek's ancient ruins.

Baalbek today: A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Baalbek, located in modern-day Lebanon, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that holds immense historical, architectural, and cultural significance. The site is renowned for its impressive Roman ruins, including the Temple of Jupiter and the Temple of Venus (also known as the Temple of Bacchus). Here's a closer look at Baalbek as a UNESCO World Heritage Site:

Historical and Architectural Marvel: Baalbek's Roman ruins showcase the architectural prowess of the ancient Romans. The Temple of Jupiter and the Temple of Venus stand as remarkable examples of classical Roman architecture, characterized by massive columns, intricate detailing, and harmonious proportions. The site's colossal stone blocks, including the famous "Stone of the Pregnant Woman," are a testament to ancient quarrying and construction techniques.

Crossroads of Civilizations: The history of Baalbek stretches back beyond the Roman period. The site was initially a place of worship in Phoenician times and subsequently became an important Hellenistic and Roman center. This rich history reflects the convergence of various civilizations and cultural influences over the millennia.

UNESCO Recognition: Baalbek was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984 due to its exceptional value as a cultural and historical site. Its status as a World Heritage Site underscores its global significance and the need for its preservation for future generations.

Preservation Efforts: Being a UNESCO site brings attention to the importance of preserving Baalbek's architectural wonders. Conservation efforts aim to maintain the site's structural integrity and safeguard its historical significance. These efforts include ongoing research, restoration work, and the implementation of measures to protect the site from environmental factors and potential threats.

Tourism and Education: As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Baalbek attracts tourists, scholars, and enthusiasts from around the world. Visitors have the opportunity to explore the site's ruins, learn about its history through guided tours and interpretive materials, and gain insights into the architectural achievements of the past.

Cultural Exchange: Baalbek's designation as a World Heritage Site fosters international cultural exchange and cooperation. Scholars, archaeologists, and experts from various countries collaborate on research, conservation projects, and educational initiatives related to the site.

Local Impact: The UNESCO status brings attention to the local community and encourages sustainable tourism practices that benefit the economy while respecting the site's cultural and natural heritage. It can also foster a sense of pride and identity among local residents.

What is the best way to get to Baalbek?

By Air: The nearest major international airport to Baalbek is Beirut-Rafic Hariri International Airport (BEY) in Beirut, which is about 85 kilometers (approximately 53 miles) away. From the airport, you can either rent a car, hire a taxi, or take a bus to reach Baalbek.

By Car: Renting a car is a common and convenient option if you want to explore Baalbek independently. The drive from Beirut to Baalbek takes around 1.5 to 2 hours, depending on traffic and road conditions.

By Bus: You can also take a bus from Beirut to Baalbek. Buses from the Charles Helou Bus Station in Beirut serve the route to Baalbek. Keep in mind that schedules may vary, so it's recommended to check the latest bus schedules and availability.

Guided Tours: Another option is to join a guided tour that includes transportation from Beirut to Baalbek. Many tour operators in Beirut offer day trips to Baalbek, often combined with visits to other nearby attractions.

Local Transportation: Once you're in Baalbek, you can hire taxis or use local transportation to get around the town and explore the Baalbek Temple ruins.

Before you plan your trip, I recommend checking for any updates on transportation options, road conditions, and travel advisories. Keep in mind that situations might have changed since my last update, so it's best to consult with local tourism authorities, travel agencies, or online travel resources for the most up-to-date information on how to get to Baalbek.

What other attractions are near Baalbek?

The region surrounding Baalbek in Lebanon offers a variety of attractions and historical sites that visitors can explore. Here are some notable attractions near Baalbek:

Anjar: Anjar is an ancient Umayyad city located not far from Baalbek. The site features well-preserved ruins of a city built during the early Islamic period. The layout of Anjar's streets and structures provides insights into the architecture and urban planning of the time.

Byblos: Byblos (Jbeil) is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It features archaeological sites, a medieval castle, ancient city walls, and a picturesque harbor. Byblos is known for its historical significance and charming coastal ambiance.

Jeita Grotto: The Jeita Grotto is a remarkable limestone cave system with stunning stalactite and stalagmite formations. Divided into two sections, the lower grotto is accessible by boat and the upper grotto is accessible on foot. It's a popular natural attraction not far from Beirut.

Harissa: Harissa is a mountain village overlooking the bay of Jounieh. It is known for the Our Lady of Lebanon statue, a massive statue of the Virgin Mary that is an important pilgrimage site. Visitors can take a cable car to the statue and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding area.

Beirut: Lebanon's capital city, Beirut, offers a mix of modern amenities and historical sites. The city has a vibrant cultural scene, bustling markets, and a waterfront promenade known as the Corniche. Beirut National Museum showcases Lebanon's archaeological heritage.

Sidon (Saida): Sidon is another historic city with a rich past. It boasts a well-preserved Crusader Sea Castle, an ancient Phoenician archaeological site, and bustling souks where you can experience local culture and cuisine.

Tyre (Sour): Tyre is an ancient Phoenician city with impressive archaeological sites, including a well-preserved Roman hippodrome, ruins of ancient streets, and an old port. The city also offers beautiful coastal views.

Tripoli: Tripoli is one of Lebanon's largest cities and is known for its historic old town, medieval structures, and vibrant markets. The Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles is a notable landmark.

Cedars of God: Located in the mountains, the Cedars of God is a grove of ancient cedar trees. These trees have historical and cultural significance and are mentioned in various religious texts.

Bcharre: Bcharre is a town near the Cedars of God and is the birthplace of poet and philosopher Khalil Gibran. The Gibran Museum is dedicated to his life and works.

These attractions offer a diverse range of experiences, from ancient history and archaeology to natural beauty and modern city life. Travelers near Baalbek have the opportunity to explore a rich tapestry of Lebanon's cultural heritage and natural landscapes.

Visiting Baalbek and its Roman ruins: How much does it cost?

The entrance fees for visiting the Baalbek archaeological site and its Roman ruins can vary depending on factors such as nationality, age, and any special promotions that might be in place. Keep in mind that prices may have changed since then, so it's a good idea to verify the current fees before planning your visit. Additionally, fees might differ for accessing specific parts of the site or for guided tours. Here's a general guideline based on historical information:

Lebanese Nationals: Typically, Lebanese citizens are charged a lower entrance fee compared to foreigners. The fee for Lebanese nationals might include access to both the Temple of Jupiter and the Temple of Venus.

Foreign Tourists: For foreign tourists, there's usually a higher entrance fee. This fee might grant you access to both temples and other parts of the archaeological site.

Students and Children: Students and children often enjoy discounted rates. Valid student ID cards may be required to qualify for these discounts.

Guided Tours: If you opt for a guided tour, the cost might include the entrance fee as well as the services of a guide who can provide insights into the history and significance of the site.

Combination Tickets: Some sites in Lebanon offer combination tickets that grant access to multiple historical sites. Depending on availability, there might be a combined ticket for Baalbek along with nearby attractions.

Free Days or Special Discounts: Some sites have free admission days, especially for national holidays or specific events. Special discounts might also be available during certain times of the year.

It's recommended to check with official sources, such as the Lebanese Ministry of Tourism or the Baalbek site's official website, for the most up-to-date information on entrance fees, ticket options, and any special promotions. Additionally, if you're planning to visit as part of an organized tour, the tour operator should be able to provide you with accurate pricing details.

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A journey through history to the ancient castle of Baalbek

Baalbek, we have already talked about some of its features in a previous article. This is because it is one of the stations of one of the most important tours of our company, Lebanon SightSeeing . However, there is one monument in the city that deserves to be discussed in some detail by devoting this entire article to that matter. This is because it is a tourist attraction of great magnificence and beauty.

It is also associated with many exciting historical stories that entertain visitors and develop their senses of interesting adventure. In order not to prolong you, we are talking about the ancient castle of Baalbek , which we will list in the next few lines the most important thing that makes it a truly distinguished destination for the most beautiful historical exploration tours.

Baalbek Castle is one of the most beautiful monuments in the Bekaa Governorate , and one of the oldest Roman ruins in Lebanon. It is located on top of a huge rocky massif with a height of 21 meters. It is built on the ruins of some ancient Roman ruins and buildings . It is considered one of the most beautiful tourist places in the Bekaa.

The history of Baalbek Castle in Lebanon dates back to the era of the ancient Roman Empire, and the idea was to build a wall or fortress to protect some Roman temples and altars, and today it is one of the largest tourist destinations visited by millions annually.

During your wandering around the Baalbek Citadel, you will pass through a gallery called the Al-Muqaddam Gallery, which you will enter through a huge gate in the middle of two tall towers, and inside it you will see some stone statues on its walls.

Then you will reach the large square made of huge stones, and in it you will find a number of religious buildings, such as the Temple of Jupiter built on a bench about 20 meters above sea level and surrounded by huge columns made of granite, and the Temple of Bacchus, which is considered one of the most beautiful Roman structures in the world and decorated with decorative stones and images of the gods.

The Baalbek Citadel in Lebanon also contains a museum displaying Roman bronze statues and artifacts, a temple that was converted in the fourth era AD into a church, the Ibrahim Mosque, which was built during the era of the Umayyad Empire, and an Arab castle that was built in the Mamluk era.

The castle is distinguished by its proximity to prominent historical and natural monuments such as the Temple of Jupiter, Baalbek, Hajar al-Habali, the Great Umayyad Mosque, Marjayoun, and many other distinctive tourist places in the Bekaa Valley .

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How to Visit the Ruins of Baalbek on a Day Trip

Do not leave Lebanon without paying a visit to its most famous ancient site, Baalbek. The temple of Baalbek was meant to be bigger and more lavish than the Acropolis in Athens itself. According to an Arab legend, ghosts and spirits came together to build this temple in the Beqaa Valley.

However, and in spite of their efforts, they could never finish it. In reality, due to wars, earthquakes, and human negligence, Baalbek is now just a shadow of what it once was. Do not despair! What remains is truly beautiful and gives us an idea of how magnificent the temple must have been. The name Baalbek comes from the ancient god of fertility, Baal.

Day Trip to the Temple of Baalbek

Though I had been to Lebanon before , Eitan hadn’t and was dying to go. As you know, we plan our trips along a route of essential places and leave free time to discover new ones. A visit to Baalbek was guaranteed! However, we were not sure how to organize our day trip to Baalbek.

Luckily, several vans a day connect Beirut with Baalbek. These wait for passengers at Cola Junction, south of the center. We took a taxi from our Radisson Blu Martinez Hotel and got there in no time. Since the vans leave when full, we waited for half an hour before our departure. No complaints, we like catching a glimpse of everyday life.

From Beirut to Baalbek

Though Beirut and Baalbek are just 50 miles (80 km) away, the journey can take up to three hours . The road is completely congested, and vans stop pretty often. Both our vans on the way to and back from Baalbek were pretty old. We were delighted to be the only foreigners amongst locals! However, both drivers drove like crazy!

It was very hot, so people would drink water and offer us some. Of course, the bottle got thrown out of the window! Some people were smoking. Everyone was busy, chatting amongst themselves or on their phones. We got the full experience and enjoyed it! Take note that most vans continue beyond Baalbek, so they don’t stop at the city center. Instead, they drop you off at a roundabout 3 miles (5 km) away from the temple.

What is Baalbek Town Like

We took an inexpensive taxi to the city center and were there in 5 minutes. There is a large parking lot, a small square and a couple of churches and mosques. Both the Temples of Jupiter and Bacchus are in the main compound. The Temple of Venus is the centerpiece of the smaller ruins and temples that lie across.

Tourist restaurants line up the pedestrian street leading to the temple’s entrance. They sell food and drinks, and torture horses and camels for your entertainment. Actually, it is the tourists that pay local people to torture horses and camels. They don’t have a choice but to oblige. Since we wanted to avoid tourists, we sat in a small restaurant on the square. We tried Lebanese delicacies and cold drinks. At all times we felt safe and taken care of. The Lebanese are great hosts!

Brief History of Baalbek

The Greeks arrived in the Egyptian city of Heliopolis in the 3rd century BC and discovered the remains of an older Phoenician settlement and renamed it Baalbek. Under the Rule of Augustus, the Romans arrived in the area around the year 15 BC. They built the Temples of Jupiter, Bacchus, and Venus in Baalbek. The Temple of Jupiter was demolished in the 4th Century when Theodosius built a Christian basilica over it.

In 643 a great earthquake destroyed the rest of the temple and the basilica. Soon after, the Arabs conquered the area and built a fortress over the temples. Baalbek’s importance was recognized again in the 20th Century, and serious reconstruction started. Of course, UNESCO had to include the temples of Baalbek in its World Heritage List in 1984.

Visit to the Temples of Baalbek

Though the small area around the Temple of Venus is out of reach, you can see it from the outside. You will find the ticket office on the main site. You enter the temple complex from the monumental Propylaea which are in pretty good shape. As soon as you climb the stairs, you reach the Hexagonal Court and after it the Grand Court .

At the top of the Grand Court, you’ll stumble upon the remaining six pillars of the Temple of Jupiter . You have to go down to get to the Temple of Bacchus , on the left. Most of the pillars and walls are still standing. The ornamental frieze is superb. The place is so pretty, that it’s used for events on special occasions. Finally, don’t forget to look for the remains of the Arab fortress and the small museum.

Temple of Venus

The Temple of Venus is to the southeast of the Altars. You will recognize it from its Corinthian tall columns and circular appearance. Notice the 5 niches on the façade. You will see doves and shells. Thanks to them, we know that the temple was dedicated to Venus. The temple is from the 3 rd Century AD.

However, the temple is well preserved because it was used as a church for a long period of time. It was the church of Saint Barbara. It’s a sad story. Her dad still worshiped the old gods. When he found out she had converted, he killed her. He was then struck by lightning. The Greek Church in the town of Baalbek is dedicated to Saint Barbara.

Temple of Jupiter

There is no way you will not see the Temple of Jupiter . It used to be the largest temple in the Roman Empire. Today, we can only see 6 massive columns. The structure was slowly dismantled as soon as the 6 th Century. Rumor has it that some of its columns were used to build Hagia Sophia in Istanbul .

The temple is to the west of the compound on top of a flight of stairs. The columns are 62 feet (19 meters) tall. They were the tallest columns in the world. Look closely at the decorations. You will see a beautiful roman lion gargoyle. These were used to collect snow. Take your time and let your mind travel in time.

Temple of Bacchus

The Temple of Bacchus is bigger than the Parthenon in Athens, Greece. It’s also in better shape. It was and still is, one of the most impressive temples in the world. You will recognize it from its 42 Corinthian columns. These are 62 feet (19 meters) tall! Without a doubt, the Temple of Bacchus is Baalbek’s biggest draw.

The decorations of the temple deserve special attention. Find the 4 sculptures of bugs that decorate the porch. Enter the temple and notice the eagle and the two cupids. Continue through the northern corridor. You will see ladies with crowns. These represent the cities that paid for the temple. More recent decorations are the signatures of German Emperor Wilhelm II and Ottoman sultan Abdul Hamid II.

When to Visit Baalbek

Try not to visit Baalbek in summer , since it can get seriously hot, as in the rest of Lebanon. We visited in early July, and it was rather hot. Though high season had started, there weren’t many tourists. It was us, independent tourists, and a few small groups with a private guide.

Since Baalbek is a historic site that charges an entry fee, don’t expect to see groups of locals even during the weekends. Consequently, you can visit Baalbek any time of the day, any day of the week, and enjoy the tranquility of this ancient beauty. There is no need to rush, especially in the heat. We had to stop frequently under a shadow to rest, and admire the temples.

Useful Tips

If you are visiting in summer, be sure to bring a hat and some sunscreen . The best thing to do is to bring your own water in a recyclable container. If you don’t, you can always buy refreshments from the restaurants. Try not to take part in the abuse of cute animals . They have feelings just like us, so carrying people on their backs is not really their cup of tea.

The temples and the views from the top are spectacular. Therefore, don’t forget your camera and take plenty of photos. If you wish, you can hire a local guide to give you a tour around the temples of Baalbek. Some of them are licensed and know a lot about their history. If you are visiting during colder months, don’t forget to bring a jacket , as it can get relatively cold.

Hotels in Baalbek

According to the British Ministry of Foreign affairs, it is safe to visit the city of Baalbek, but not its surrounding areas. Thus, for a total local experience, spend a night or two in the city. By doing so, you can be the first and the last one to visit the temples. There are two great hotels in the city of Baalbek.

The Palmyra Hotel is a beautiful old house converted into a hotel. It is located in Baalbek’s city center, five minutes away from the temples. It seems to be unavailable at the moment. The Kanaan Group Hotel is a bit away, but you can still walk to the temples. This lavish ‘nouveau riche’ style hotel offers comfortable rooms with splendid views.

Private Tour to Baalbek

Walking one day about downtown Beirut, we stumbled upon a travel agency. They offered us an organized day trip to Baalbek for 100 USD per person. Not only did it seem expensive, but it meant we would travel with a group of tourists on a tight schedule. To us, a private tour means just us and loads of time, so no, not our thing. Instead, we inquired how to get there by public bus.

That said, if you want to hire a tour, we strongly recommend the one offered by getyourguide . A couple of friends of ours who didn’t want to travel on their own hired it and had a great time. It includes hotel pick up. They use professional drivers and give you a lot of space. The whole tour lasts 4 to 6 hours.

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Baalbek Reborn: Take a Virtual Tour of Baalbek Ruins

Germany has a long tradition of working at the archaeological site of Baalbek in Lebanon. In November 1898 Emperor Wilhelm II and his wife passed through on their way to Jerusalem. The Kaiser was no stranger to Roman ruins, just a year earlier he had ordered the reconstruction of Saalburg, the Roman fort near Bad Homburg in German. Within a month he had archaeologists working at Baalbek. And German archaeologists have been excavating the site on and off ever since. Now, after more than two decades of research, the German Archaeological Institute in collaboration with Fly Over Zone and the Lebanese General Department of Antiquities have produced an engaging virtual tour of the extraordinary temple complex at Baalbek.

Thomas Dowson

• Last Checked and/or Updated 25 January 2023
• No Comments
• Reviews , Virtual Experiences

The temple complex of Baalbek had been attracting tourists long before Kaiser Wilhelm’s visit in 1898. In providing information for those travelling from Damascus to Beruit, Cook’s Tourists’ Handbook for Palestine and Syria, published by Thomas Cook & Son in 1876, suggests overnighting in Baalbek. “It is usual for the camp to be pitched in the court of the Great Temple, where it presents a curiously-picturesque effect.” As wonderful as that experience must have been, I hasten to add that camping amongst the ruins now is not allowed.

We now call that ‘great temple’ the Temple of Jupiter, as it was dedicated to Jupiter Heliopolitanus. It is the largest temple ever constructed by the Romans. Although very little of it remains standing today it is still well known for its six surviving colossal columns. These columns are the largest single pieces of carved stone ever quarried by humans anywhere in the world, past and present. They stand on a large podium, which is itself around 15 m high, and are 25 m high with a diameter of 2.5 m. When the temple was complete there were 54 of these columns.

Disclaimer: As this post is about a product that is available free of charge for all, we did not receive payment in cash or kind for writing this review. We only recommend services and products that we have used and/or would use ourselves. Read more about our policies in our Code of Ethics.

If the Temple of Jupiter was the biggest Roman temple, the adjacent Temple of Bacchus is one of the best preserved Roman temples. It ranks alongside such examples as the Maison Carrée in Nîmes and the Temple of Augustus and Livia in Vienne. The temple complex at Baalbek, at the heart of a settlement that is at least 10,000 years old, has some of the finest examples of Imperial architecture to be found anywhere in the Roman world.

Not surprisingly then Baalbeck was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1984. And now a collaborative project involving three partners has created a virtual application of the Baalbek temples. Allowing us to explore them in all their past and present glory.

Baalbek Reborn | Temples

Baalbek Reborn is a new, free virtual experience launched on 31 March 2021. Using state-of-the art digital technologies and archaeological findings from decades of research, 3D reconstructions show what Baalbek’s ruins looked like in the in the third century AD. These reconstructions include the Temple of Jupiter Heliopolitanus, the Temple of Bacchus, the Temple of Venus and the Temple of the Muses.

The three collaborative partners are the virtual tour company Flyover Zone Productions, members of the German Archaeological Institute who provided the content and archaeological oversight, and Lebanon’s Ministry of Culture – Directorate General of Antiquities, which is responsible for the protection, promotion, and excavation activities in the country’s national heritage sites.

The virtual experience includes over two hours of content. This includes 360° panoramic photographs showing the ruins today, each of which is matched with 3D reconstructions showing what the structures looked like in the past. The resolution on the photographs and the 3D reconstructions is very good, allowing you to zoom in on both without loosing clarity. These are accompanied by interesting text and audio clips that provide research-based explanations of what you are looking at.

The app starts with an interesting five minute introduction to the site, which includes a few of the basic instructions to get you started. There is a more more detailed tutorial that allows you to get to grips with the app and enhance your virtual tour of Baalbek. From my own experience, however, I find the app to be intuitive. But I do recommend you listen to the introduction, then explore as you would an archaeological site.

You can take the ‘guided tour’ – a 38 minute introduction to the highlights of the Baalbek temples. Or you can click on the map of the temple complex and head straight to the points of interest that interest you. In total there are 38 points of interest for you to explore.

On What Devices Can I Use the App?

The app can be used on any device, from your desktop, to your laptop, your iPad to your smartphone. You can download the app for free on the Apple Store, Google Play, Steam store (PC, Mac, or HTC Vive – virtual reality headset), or the Oculus store (VR headset).

Where Can I Download the App?

Use the following link to see all download options for Baalbek Reborn .

Given the price of comparable apps (and some not so comparable virtual tours), yes downloading and using the Baalbek Reborn is free, gratis and for nothing. This is possible through the generous funding of the project by Bassam Alghanim, who made the donation in memory of his parents, Yusuf and Ilham Alghanim, who used to take him to the archaeological site when he was a young boy.

Baalbek Roman Temples on Google Streetview

As magnificent as the photographs and the 3D reconstructions are, one thing I did miss in the Baalbek Reborn virtual tour is the ability to be able to move virtually from one point of interest to the next. On Google Streetview you can virtually walk about the ruins, but without the excellent commentary of course. My recommendation is to learn about the temple complex on the app: take the guided tour and then explore the site at your own direction, and then to use Google Streetview to explore the ruins as you would if you were there today (instructions below if you require these).

To see the Baalbek Temple Complex on Google Streetview, click through to Baalbek on our Interactive Map of the Roman World . Drag the yellow pegman from its position in the lower left corner onto the map and drop it onto one of the blue lines or dots. If you are unfamiliar with Google Streetview, see our instructions on using Google Streetview to virtually visit archaeology sites and museums .

More Virtual Resources for Baalbek

Google Arts and Culture – has a collection of 117 historical photographs and drawing of the archaeological site. Some of these date back to the early second half of the 1800s.

Sursock Museum Virtual Tour: Baalbek, Archives of an Eternity – in early 2020 the Sursock Museum in Beirut hosted an exhibition telling the history of Baalbek from its origins to the contemporary moment, using archaeological, ethnographic, anthropological, cultural, and artistic perspectives. The exhibition is now available as a virtual tour , with excellent resolution – allowing you to read the exhibition labels. Some of the historical paintings brought together for this exhibition are quite something.

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New exhibition in Beirut traces Baalbek’s path through history

We visit an exhibition in beirut that examines lebanon’s ancient city and the importance of its roman temples, film, art and national identity.

Baalbek’s temples have featured prominently on Lebanese tourism posters. Courtesy of Sursock Museum

“As an archaeologist, I’m toying with the love of the ancient world and the love of recovering information about our past,” says Vali Mahlouji, “but never forgetting the link to who we are now.”

The archaeologist-­turned-curator is the founder of the curatorial and educational platform Archaeology of the Final Decade, which seeks to investigate cultural and artistic materials from around the world that have been underexposed, banned or destroyed. This penchant for the overlooked shapes the way he approaches every project , including his exhibition Archives of an Eternity at the Sursock Museum in Beirut, Baalbek .

Mahlouji, who lives in London, was commissioned by the museum to delve into the Lebanese archaeological site, creating an exhibition that chart s its ancient and modern history and the way the Roman ruins have been portrayed in writing, film, music and art. Having visited Baalbek several times, he became fascinated not only by the cultural and sociopolitical significance of the ruins, but also the ancient city that surrounds them.

The history of the temples

Mahlouji says the exhibition "wants to confront the audience with something that's not the temples but that is as epic as the temples, which is that it's a settlement and a site and a city that's been continuously occupied and living for 10,000 years . You don't get longer than that, effectively".  

Excavations carried out under the site's Temple of Jupiter have found traces of settlements dating back 10 millennia. The exhibition opens with a synthesis of the most up-to-date research on the history of the site, delving into its history before the Romans transformed Baalbek into a wonder of the ancient world. In 250 years, they constructed three adjacent temples, dedicated to Venus Heliopolitana, Jupiter Heliopolitanus and Bacchus, creating an enormous complex that attracted vast numbers of pilgrims.

Illustrations show how water from a nearby spring was diverted to the temple complex, creating pools and fountains, as well as charting the path pilgrims would have taken to enter the site, ascend a viewing tower and witness sacrifices on the central alt ar. The wall of text and diagrams charting the site's history is enlivened by archaeological artefacts, including Roman coins and objects from the pre-Roman period.

"We're lucky to have a few objects to remind people the site is a lot older than they think and that the temples , as epic and as beautiful as they are , are also the suppressors of 7,000 years before them, and the oppressors and minimisers of everything that comes after them," says Mahlouji. "They are far too epic. It diminishes human life . So there's this conflict between the importance of the temples and a city that's been living for 10,000 years and continues to live."

A selection of Roman artefacts, including a spectacular carving of a man's torso , emphasise the artistry and creativity built into the temple site , but Mahlouji is more concerned with the symbolism of the site and the way it has been absorbed into the identity politics of successive powers. After the decline of the Roman empire, Baalbek came under Byzantine rule, before passing to Arab, Ottoman and French rulers. It remained a site of pilgrimage, attracting tourists and visitors from across the world, before Lebanon became independent in 194 3. "This is where the modern nation absorbs it into a national narrative. It becomes a brand. It's the emblem of Lebanon. It's the most re produced image," says Mahlouji.

Having been a popular tourism destination for colonial visitors to the Middle East, the temples were written into the founding mythology of the new Lebanese state, with images printed on banknotes, stamps and tourist brochures, while building on a European narrative that the site was a birthplace of culture and civilisation.

The central axis of the exhibition is a large space that explores this Orientalist European perspective of Baalbek. Paintings, etchings and books on loan from private collections are displayed in a salon-style space painted a deep golden yellow, the colour of the rising sun. Artworks capture the ruined temples in romanticised scenes, in which depictions of local Bedouins become accessories, used to lend the pastoral landscape a touch of exoticism and colour.

Mahlouji's accompanying text digs into the colonial narratives imposed on Baalbek, acknowledging the artists' contributions to documenting the landscapes of the Middle East . It also provid es a critique on their outsider s' gaze and appropriation of the ruins via "a narrative that claims and absorbs desired assets and facets of the 'Orient' and the 'other ' into its own canon, reacquainting the European with his or her own ancient and sacred history, as the rightful keeper and inheritor of civilisation".  

As well as the ways in which Baalbek was used to further Orientalist and Lebanese nationalist narratives, the exhibition reveals the archaeological site's portrayal in popular culture, from films and music to travel brochures and postcards. Photographs and paintings of Baalbek and the nearby Bekaa Valley show how the site has occupied the minds and imaginations of Leban ese artists, while a room at one side of the basement exhibition space is dedicated to the history of the Baalbeck International Festival, featuring vintage posters, programmes, books and film clips.

More than just a monument

The final section seeks to explain beyond Baalbek as a monument and an emblem of identity politics. Through videos, documents and photographs, it examines the tension between the archaeological site and the city today. Mahlouji charts the ways the government's focus on the archaeological site of Baalbek has gradually severed the ruins from their surroundings. Before 1939, locals could stroll freely among the ruins, but they were then fenced off. They have since been furthered distanced from the city by tourism infrastructure such as widened roads and car parks.

"Now it looks like the city is around the site , but the truth is the city and the site should be , and have been , in a symbiotic relationship all the time until the modern period," says Mahlouji. "Most important is that the site occupied the city, the city never occupied the site. The site was built where the city originated, literally on the summit of the original city, so actually the temples kicked out the people."

Video interviews with locals provide visitors to the exhibition with an insight into life in the city. One elderly man recites his poetry about Baalbek, the city and the temples seemingly inextricably linked in his mind. On the next screen, a woman reflects on how the city has changed since she was a child , when different religious communities lived side by side and mingled freely. Now, she says, the city has grown bigger, communities are more divided and she no longer feels safe walking the streets after dark.

Mahlouji's decision to focus not only on the ruins but the city around them is rooted in his passion for showing overlooked histories and sites. He hopes the exhibition will stimulate debate about the city, the ruins and the relationship between them, via documents such as one that details a proposal to build new housing for the inhabitants of Baalbek, forcing them to abandon their historic city.

Mahlouji says he believes the temple site is an intrinsic part of Baalbek's identity and history that cannot , or should not , be separated from the people and the city that created it. "Perhaps if we start from the city and it looks at the site, we get to something healthier and more successful long-term than if we look at what the city's doing to the site," he says. "I think the conversation should start."

Baalbek , Archives of an Eternity is at the Sursock Museum in Beirut until September 22

Baalbeck: the ‘Sun City’

Originally a Phoenician town thought to have been inhabited since 9000 BC, Baalbeck was a place of pilgrimage for the Sky God ‘Baal’ and his Queen of Heaven ‘Astarte’.

Today, it is a part of the controversial but beautiful Bekaa Valley of modern day Lebanon, located between the Litani and Orontes (Al Aasi) rivers at an altitude of 1,170 meters, above sea level.

For residents of the Levant, it is the intersection between the main east-west and north-south trading circles of the region.

For me, it is a marvelous example of historical architecture that I was delighted to discover for myself on a hot and sunny afternoon last June. I had heard many mention of this metropolis, but was yet to stand before the impressive row of age-old pillars.

Finally, well hydrated, guidebook in hand and my energetic sister by my side, we set off on an 85 km mini expedition by road from Beirut to our destination.

Excitement slowly started to build as we approached – we were about to see an important piece of the past, practically in our backyard! Unfolding ourselves from the car, we were welcomed by caretakers of the municipality, who pointed us in the right direction. We had arrived at Baalbeck – a UNESCO World Heritage site, as of 1984.

Immediately, our attention was drawn to the pale orange sandy color of the immense and somewhat irregularly shaped rock structures. There was a steep flight of steps to the main grounds above, challenging us. Climbing to the top, our minds were immediately transported to the 1st millennium BC.

In Alexander the Great’s reign, in 334 BC, Baalbeck was known as Heliopolis (City of the Sun) and in 47 BC, it was Julius Caesar’s Roman colony, in what is now Syria.

“Excitement slowly started to build as we approached – we were about to see an important piece of the past, practically in our backyard!”

Once the site of rituals like ‘sacred prostitution’ and bloody other forms of worship, this was the foundation of the three famous temples – of Jupiter, Bacchus and Venus – an extended project begun in 60 BC, built by 100,000 slaves and finished 120 years later.

The Temple of Jupiter originally featured 54 of the largest such columns in the world – 22.9m high and 2.2 m thick. Only six have survived the ravages of time and the elements.

As for the historically beautiful Temple of Bacchus, there are 30 steps just to get to the entrance. The perimeter consists of 23 columns and there are still faintly visible primeval scenes – lions and bulls, cornucopias and Roman gods such as Mars and Diana, which demonstrates the artistic expertise and mindset of the people of that time.

In the years that followed, there was a back and forth power struggle for control over the complex between various rulers and their respective religions. Despite all the destruction between pagan parties of rule and Christians as well as natural causes, the ruins of Baalbeck are rather remarkable, and remain an example of the world’s best-preserved Roman temple designs.

Coming back to the present and now that you may have been enticed to embark on your own explorations of the intriguing old town of Baalbeck, it is important to have on, the right adventure gear to protect yourself from the heat and of course, minimize the chances of scrapes as you scramble mountain-goat style for that perfect photo opportunity between the mammoth stones and hard-to-reach nooks.

Baalbeck Takes Center Stage

In 1956, then Lebanese President Camille Chamoun officially named and declared the Baalbeck International Festival, a government institution. It is held in the most unique venue of the ruins of the Temples of Bacchus and Jupiter and has featured international and local plays; opera, pop and jazz concerts, dance performances by the likes of Caracalla, shows from the New York Philharmonic Orchestra and beyond.

Getting there

By pubic transport:

• Mini buses from the Cola intersection: 4,000 LBP/Person
• Chartered Buses 9,500 LBP – 44,500 LBP
• All travel agencies offer tours to Baalbek.

P.S.: (Prices have changed due to the current dollar situation)*

Where to eat & stay

• Palmyra Hotel    +961 3 371 127
• Hotel Jupiter +961 76 051 693

On-site basics

Admission to the ruins is 15,000 LBP (children under 8 enter for free) and the site is open to the public as early as 8:30 am to sunset; around 7:00 pm during the summer season.

If you would like a personal tour, guides charge about 20,000 LBP an hour, or you can choose to wander wherever your curiosity takes you.

For more information, call  +961 8 370 520 .

• Five Star Tours  : +961 1 347 773
• Kurban Travel  : +961 1 760 500 / +961 1 614 914
• Wild Discovery  :  +961 1 565 646
• Rida International   :  +961 4 718 790
• Lebanon Taxi  : +961 3 207 283
• Allo Taxi : 1213 (from within Lebanon)

Article published on September 15, 2021.

Article edited on October 4, 2021.

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Baalbek, Museum

Archaeological museum of Baalbek , in a tunnel in the temple complex. Mostly Roman finds, excellent explanations in several languages.

This museum was visited in 2012, 2014.

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Baalbeck museum.

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Along with your visit to the Ruins, pass by Baalbeck Museum

Inaugurated in 1998 to commemorate the centennial of Emperor Wilhelm II's visit to Baalbek, the museum displays various archeological finds (statues, mosaics, sarcophagi, ceramics, etc.) in addition to panels relating the history of Baalbek's sites and excavations.

The museum also displays a collection of German photographer Herman Burckhardt's pictures of the ancient city. There is a second museum at the site's South Tower, next to the Temple of Bacchus, which visitors can climb for a 360-degree view of the city. Its ground floor is called the "Cities of the Dead," which describes the Romans' ancient burial traditions. 

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