travel by land and water

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Croatia By Land and Sea – Best Combo!

• INFORMATION
• What's Included
• Dates and Pricing

Combining a private land tour with a cabin charter cruise maximizes your travel time! Best of both worlds.

Visiting: ZAGREB – LJUBLJANA – LIPICA – ROVINJ – ISTRIA – ZADAR – KRKA NATIONAL PARK – SPLIT – KORCULA – MLJET & DUBROVNIK – DUBROVNIK – PELJEŠAC PENINSULA – HVAR – BOL/ MILNA (CAPTAIN’S DINNER) – SPLIT

Curious what our other clients have said about Adventures Croatia?  Read some of their reviews.

DAY 1: ARRIVE, ZAGREB

DAY 2: ZAGREB – LJUBLJANA

DAY 3: LJUBLJANA – BLED LAKE – LJUBLJANA

DAY 4: LJUBLJANA – LIPICA – ROVINJ

DAY 5: ROVINJ – ISTRIA – ROVINJ

DAY 6: ROVINJ – PULA – ZADAR

DAY 7: ZADAR – KRKA NATIONAL PARK – SPLIT

DAY 8: SPLIT (D)

DAY 9: SPLIT - KORCULA (B, L)

DAY 10: KORČULA - MLJET/DUBROVNIK (B, L, D)

DAY 11: DUBROVNIK (B)

DAY 12: DUBROVNIK - PELJEŠAC PENINSULA (B,L,D)

Day 13: pelješac peninsula - hvar (b,l).

DAY 14: HVAR - BOL / MILNA (B,L,D)

DAY 15: BOL - SPLIT (B)

• Private transfer from Zagreb Airport to Zagreb center
• English speaking guide for a private walking city tour of Zagreb
• 1 night in Hotel 4* (single room, BB basis)
• Private transfer from Zagreb to Ljubljana accompanied by an English speaking driver in a modern, air-conditioned car
• English speaking guide for a private walking tour of Ljubljana
• 2 nights in Hotel 4*, single room, BB basis
• Private half-day excursion to Bled (English speaking driver/guide and entrance fees, lunch not included)
• Private transfer from Ljubljana to Rovinj with en-route stop in Lipica Stud Farm in Sežana
• Organized visit to Lipica Stud Farm and entrance fees
• English speaking guide for a walking city tour of Old Town Rovinj
• 2 nights in Hotel 4* in Rovinj, single room (BB basis)
• Private excursion to Istria inland accompanied by an English speaking driver
• Private transfer from Rovinj to Zadar with an en-route stop in Pula in a modern, air-conditioned car
• English speaking guide for a walking city tour of Old Town Pula
• English speaking guide for a walking city tour of Old Town Zadar
• 1 night in Hotel 4*, in Zadar, single room, BB basis
• Private transfer from Zadar to Split in a modern, air-conditioned car accompanied by an English speaking driver
• Entrance fees to the NP Krka (visit on your own)
• English speaking guide for a walking city tour of Split
• 2 nights in Hotel 4* in Split,  single room, BB basis
• Half board (English breakfast & three-course lunch or dinner)
• 1 drink with lunch & 1,5 l water daily
• Captain's dinner with entertainment
• English speaking Tour manager
• Sightseeing in: Dubrovnik, Hvar, Korčula, Split
• An evening dinner cruise along the old town city walls of Dubrovnik
• One way bus transfer from Dubrovnik port to Old town Dubrovnik
• Dubrovnik cable car
• Mljet National Park entrance fee
• Croatian wine & appetizer tasting in Korčula
• Croatian Village party
• Visitors' tax & port fees
• Return transfers from Split airport to Split harbor
• Daily cabin service
• Free wi-fi on board
• Private transfer and assistance with the luggage upon embarkation
• Meals and drinks not mentioned above
• Airfare, Travel Insurance
• Additional excursions and/or services not mentioned in the program
• Personal expenses (internet, telephone, mini bar, etc.)
• Tips and porterage services
• Available dates upon request
• Travel between late May - October (depending on Cruise availability)
• Double occupancy, Solo traveler with supplement
• The land tour is customizable! Make this your own, custom experience
• The 15-day tour, as listed, price starting at approx. $6750 per person, double occupancy
• Price and availability are subject to change based on travel dates, availability, hotels, and specific cabin charter available for dates chosen

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23 Types of Water Transport To Keep You Afloat

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There are many different types of water transport that form part of the wider transport industry. In this article I will teach you what these different types of water transport are and how they work. Ready to learn more? Read on…

What is water transport?

Runabout boat, pontoon boat, rigid inflatable boat, ship’s tender, cruise ship, personal watercraft, types of water transport- further reading.

Water transport is any form of transportational vehicle which is primarily used to travel by water. There are many different types of water transport, used for both cargo and passengers, which travel on many different waterways. You can find out more about all of the different types below…

One of the main types of water transport is a boat. This is the most likely form of vehicle you would use to travel on water, regardless of whether you’re on a canal or in the middle of the ocean . However, there are of course a lot of different types of boats. We can generally split boats into three categories:

• Unpowered or human-powered boats 
• Sailboats 
• Motorboats 

Each category has many boats within it, all serving different purposes.

These boats, as the name suggests, have a deck area. They are generally small, but have seating areas for groups of people – their main purpose is for leisure and sightseeing, or as a vessel from which to enter the water for swimming or other watersports. With a V-shaped hull, these boats are usually 25-35 feet in length.

A catamaran is a type of boat which has two hulls. They are generally small-ish boats used for fishing or cruising, but this style of boat has been known to be used for car ferries too given their stability. 

As the name suggests, these are boats on which people live. They are not motorised because they are usually moored in one place, floating. Often they are built to look more like a house than a boat, but some definitely retain their boat style. You tend to find them on canals or larger lakes, and many people live in houseboats year round. They are also rented out to tourists looking for something a bit different!

These small open boats are an entry-level kind of vessel, used for casual boating and sporting activities. They have a steering wheel and small control panel.

A lifeboat is a small rigid or inflatable boat, generally attached to a larger boat or ship, used for sea rescue when necessary. Ships legally have to have a certain number of lifeboats corresponding with the number of people on board. 

This type of boat is used mostly on inland waters, and they are incredibly stable due to their wide and flat shape. They rely on tubes known as pontoons to float on the water. With sensible seating, they are used for sightseeing and fishing.

A barge is a type of water transport used on canals – it is also often called a canal boat. They are long and flat-bottomed, and used either for carrying cargo or as recreational passenger boats. The insides can fit beds, kitchens, seating areas and more.

An airboat is a small, flat-bottomed vessel which is powered by an aircraft-style propeller. They are used for tourist and fishing purposes in marshy and shallow waters – particularly the Everglades in Florida .

These are mostly used for tourist purposes now, particularly on the Nile. They are Eastern Mediterranean wooden sailing boats, seating around 10 passengers with 2-3 crew members.

A hovercraft is one of a few types of water transport which can also travel over land, through mud and on ice. They use special blowers in order to produce a large volume of air under the hull which is slightly above atmospheric pressure – this lifts the vessel allowing it to move. They have many uses.

This is a small narrow boat propelled by the use of double-ended paddles. They are most commonly used for recreational purposes on small bodies of water.

A liner is a very large boat designed to transport cargo or passengers long-distance from point A to point B, usually without stopping unless there is a need to refuel. They are generally not used these days, with flying being the optimal choice. The RMS Queen Mary 2 is the only ocean liner still in regular use, often completing trans-Atlantic journeys.

There is no standard definition of a yacht but they are generally 33ft+ in length with overnight facilities, used for pleasure and usually the height of luxury. You tend to find yachts moored at places like Puerto Banus in Marbella, or Cannes in France . People often make an activity out of celebrity-yacht-spotting!

A ferry is a type of boat generally used to carry passengers short-distance from A-B. They are used within waterside cities as public transport, such as the ferries in Venice or the ‘ferry across the Mersey’ in Liverpool. There are also ferries which travel a longer distance, from the UK to France for example, which also hold cars; these tend to have many more amenities on board such as cabins for sleeping, restaurants and bars, small cinemas and more.

This type of boat is small and flat-bottomed with a square-cut bow; it is propelled by the use of a pole which is pushed against the riverbed. The person doing this is called a ‘punter’, and they will be stood on the boat at the back. Punts are used for recreational purposes mostly.

Also known as a RIB, these tiny boats are – as the name suggests – rigid and inflatable. They are lightweight, high-capacity and unsinkable. RIBs are usually used as work boats; however, they are also used by scuba divers to reach dive sites which are in areas where larger boats can’t get to for whatever reason. They travel fast.

This is one of the most useful types of water transport because a ship’s tender is used to transport people or goods from a large ship to a dock, where there is not enough space to dock the ship itself.

A water taxi is used like land public transport to get people from one point to various other points. They will make multiple stops. Water taxis are used for commuting and also by tourists; you’ll find them in cities like Venice, Liverpool, Istanbul, Brussels, New Orleans and Budapest.

Other types of water transport

There are other types of water transport which are not technically boats, or are not referred to as such. This might be because they’re too big for that category, or too small, or simply operate in an entirely different manner.

A ship is a large water vessel, reserved for travelling the oceans. Ships generally have to be 95ft+ long; they can typically stay at sea for much longer than boats and, as the saying goes, a ship could carry a boat but a boat could not carry a ship. All of that being said, there is no set legal definition of a ship versus a boat.

There are many types of ships, including but not limited to:

• High-speed craft
• Off-shore oil vessels
• Motorised fishing trawlers
• Factory ships
• Cable layers
• Cry cargo ships
• Liquid cargo ships
• Passenger carrying vessels
• Special purpose vessels
• Aircraft carriers
• Minesweepers
• Deep sea survey vessels

One of the most well-known and exciting types of water transport is the cruise ship; they are, obviously, classed as ships – they are passenger carrying vessels, designed for staying at sea for an extended period of time. They differ from liners in that they stop at multiple ports as part of a round-trip. On board you’ll find a range of amenities including cabins, restaurants, shops, theatres, cinemas, bars, nightclubs, tattoo shops, water slides, go-karting tracks and much more. Not ever cruise ship has all of these, but this is just an example of how incredible cruise ships can be.

You can read more about cruising in my article, The 8 Major Types of Cruise.

A surfboard is a tricky one to categorise as one of the types of water transport, but it is listed on many websites as being a form of transport despite not generally being used to go from point A to point B in any way. A surfboard is a narrow plank used to allow surfers to ride a wave for fun.

A PWC is also known as a Jet Ski, which is actually a brand name (owned by Kawasaki) which has become synonymous with this kind of vessel. These differ from boats in that you stand or sit ON them, not in them. They are used for recreation mostly. However, law enforcement also use them due to their speed – and PWC fishing is a fast-growing industry.

And the last of the types of water transport is the submarine. These vessels are used for underwater exploration. There are small two-person submarines which can be submerged for a couple of hours, and there are massive submarines which remain under the water for up to 6 months. These vessels can go much deeper than human divers, allowing for discovery and anti-surface warfare.

If you enjoyed this article on the different types of transport then I am sure that you will love these too!

• Cruise tourism explained: What, why and where
• 15 Types of Rail Transport To Take You Away
• 20 Popular Types of Hotels Around The World
• The 3 Major Types Of Airlines + How They Work
• 50 types of transport from around the world

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Best travel destinations to see by water

Before you hop on a flight and book a land package for your next vacation, consider instead what you might be able to see from the water on a ship. Traveling the world's vast oceans and waterways offers unrivaled views of some of the most magical destinations around the globe.

While you can reach most of these locales by plane, you may decide that the best way to see them is from a panoramic viewpoint at the bow of a ship. From remote vistas at the bottom of the world to stunning coastal scenes in southern Europe, these seven destinations will transport you to some of the most scenic places to see by water.

For cruise news, reviews and tips, sign up for TPG's cruise newsletter .

Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska

Located in Alaska's Inside Passage, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve is a bucket list destination best viewed from its icy glacier waters. Much of the vast interior of the park's 3.3 million acres is composed of water and mountains covered in dense rainforest — and most of it is not accessible by road or hiking paths — so the ideal way to see the park is from a cruise or expedition ship or tour vessel.

Even large cruise ships spend a day traversing these pristine waters where you'll watch — and hear — ice calving from the brilliant blue glaciers. Grab your binoculars and you might be able to see bald eagles flying overhead or catch a glimpse of brown bears and mountain goats along the shoreline.

Glacier Bay is also a humpback whale sanctuary, so keep a lookout for these majestic, endangered animals — some as large as 50 feet in length and weighing up to 40 tons. Park rangers board each ship to provide commentary throughout the day and assist with wildlife sightings for whales, harbor seals, sea otters, sea lions and various species of shorebirds.

Related: Alaska cruise guide: Best itineraries, planning tips and things to do

The French Riviera

The coastal ports along the French Riviera offer some of the most dramatic and enchanting scenery in the world. There's nothing like sailing into Monaco and seeing Monaco-Ville, the Old Town, perched atop a 203-foot-high headland and the Oceanographic Museum rising out of the cliffside.

Known for its "lifestyles of the rich and famous," Monaco boasts yacht-filled marinas, palatial resorts and homes, winding roadways and hairpin turns that are home to the Monaco Grand Prix — all surrounded by the rugged cliffs of the Alps. While the glamorous scenery is beautiful by day, you won't want to miss the view of this destination when it's lit up at night.

Related: Western Mediterranean vs. Eastern Mediterranean cruises: Which itinerary will I like more?

Hawaii's Napali Coast

Hawaii 's Napali Coast spans 17 miles on Kauai's North Shore along the Pacific Ocean. The landscape looks much as it has for centuries with its pristine, remote beaches, jagged peaks, imposing cliffs as high as 4,000 feet, and waterfalls cascading into lush green valleys that end at the sea.

While there is an 11-mile hiking trail in Napali Coast State Park — the Kalalau Trail — that's reachable via Haena State Park, the optimal way to view the majestic scenery is from the sea or by air. Your cruise ship may plan a cruise-by of the spectacular coastline, but to explore the marine life and sea caves along the coast, take a snorkeling tour to Nualolo Reef. Here you'll have incredible views below the water and from the boat with a backdrop of the emerald green mountains and waterfalls.

If you're cruising to Istanbul, you'll arrive by one of the world's most famous waterways, the 37-mile-long Dardanelles. This narrow strait separates the continents of Europe and Asia and is the only waterway between the Aegean and Marmara seas. During Classical times, the Dardenelles was known as Hellespont and the ancient city of Troy was situated along the Asian shoreline.

Today, you'll pass hillsides, fields with olive groves and castles and strategic fortifications like the Kilitbahir Fortress as you sail. Once you reach the Bosphorus, the Golden Horn and Istanbul, the seven hills of the ancient city and the minarets of the magnificent Suleymanlye Mosque come into view. You might even hear a call to prayer in the background.

Related: Mediterranean cruise guide: Best itineraries, planning tips and things to do

Norway's fjords

Coastal Norway is home to more than a thousand fjords boasting astounding natural beauty, with calm blue waters from the sea contrasted with jagged towering cliffs. It's hard to imagine that these rocky perches were once home to farmers — and still are in some places — as you sail from one fjord to another, admiring one of Norway's best-known attractions.

One of the most iconic fjords is the UNESCO-protected site of Geirangerfjord. Created by glaciers that carved out the fjords and mountain summits, Geirangerfjord has seven waterfalls, including the best-known Seven Sisters and Bridal Veil falls. For a closer look from the water's surface, plan to take a kayak, or go on a fishing or RIB Boat tour.

Bora Bora and Moorea, French Polynesia

If you're dreaming of magical sun-filled days in a tropical island paradise in the far corner of the world, consider an island-hopping adventure in the South Pacific. While all the islands of French Polynesia boast glistening turquoise waters, pristine white sand beaches, lush green vegetation and vibrant flora, Moorea and Bora Bora top the list for their striking looks when seen from offshore.

The scenery is magical, with mountain peaks rising from the sea, palm trees swaying in the breeze and overwater bungalows situated along the coast atop crystal clear aquamarine lagoons. Below the water's surface, the views are equally as mesmerizing, with abundant marine life such as hawksbill turtles, colorful tropical fish, several species of dolphins, manta rays, blacktip reef and hammerhead sharks and humpback whales. To explore this fascinating underwater world, plan to go snorkeling or diving around the islands, especially close to the intricate coral reefs, which are teeming with fish and other sea life.

The Emerald City is one of the top places in the world to see from the sea, especially when arriving in Sydney Harbour at night. This bustling metropolis with its sunlit skyscrapers by day is known for its spectacular harbor views after dark due to the illumination of the world-renowned Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge. These iconic images of one of Australia 's largest cities in the Land Down Under are some of the most memorable views you'll ever have from the water.

The journey to the bottom of the Earth is a trip of a lifetime for most travelers. Known as the Last Continent, Antarctica's otherworldly icy formations and rugged snow-covered landscape are best viewed via state-of-the-art expedition vessels that can navigate their way around by crunching through icy impasses.

Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, the first person to reac‎h the South Pole in 1911, described it this way, "Glittering white, shining blue, raven black … the land looks like a fairytale. Pinnacle after pinnacle, peak after peak -- crevassed, wild as any land on our globe, it lies, unseen and untrodden. It is a wonderful feeling to travel along it."

After a long journey to explore this unique wilderness ecosystem, adventurous travelers will be rewarded with unforgettable vistas of majestic mountains and icebergs, breaching whales and colonies of several species of penguins. While the scenery is breathtaking from the ship, part of the thrill of traveling to Antarctica is to see the ice floes and waterfalls up-close from a kayak or Zodiac. While you're out on the water, it's easy to be overcome with the vastness, ethereal beauty and extraordinary silence of this faraway place.

Planning a cruise? Start with these stories:

• The 5 most desirable cabin locations on any cruise ship
• A beginners guide to picking a cruise line
• The 8 worst cabin locations on any cruise ship
• A quick guide to the most popular cruise lines
• 21 tips and tricks that will make your cruise go smoothly
• 15 ways cruisers waste money
• 12 best cruises for people who never want to grow up
• The ultimate guide to what to pack for a cruise

The Ultimate Guide to Travel by Boat: Explore the World by Sea in 2023

As I set sail on the vast blue expanse of the ocean, I can’t help but feel a sense of liberation and adventure. Traveling by boat is unlike any other form of transportation; it offers a freedom that cannot be found on land or in the air.

In this ultimate guide to travel by boat, I will take you through the enchanting world of sea travel.

From luxurious cruise ships to humble cargo vessels, we will explore the different options available for boat travel. Discover the joy of cruising as we unveil the wonders of life onboard these floating cities. Venture off the beaten path and explore unique ports on thrilling boat tours .

But it’s not just about the destinations; it’s about the experiences along the way. Learn what to expect during your boat travel adventure and how to plan and book your trip effectively. Safety and regulations are also crucial for a smooth and secure journey.

So join me as we navigate this ultimate guide, uncovering must-see destinations, tips, and everything you need to know for an unforgettable voyage at sea. Get ready to set sail toward freedom!

Page Contents

Key Takeaways

• Boat travel offers a sense of liberation, adventure, and freedom on the open sea.
• There are different options for boat travel, including luxurious cruise ships and humble cargo vessels.
• Boat tours allow travelers to explore unique ports off the beaten path and immerse themselves in local culture.
• Planning and booking a boat trip effectively is important for a smooth and secure journey.

Why Choose Boat Travel? Discover the Allure of Traveling by Sea

Experience the exhilarating freedom of sailing across vast oceans, feeling the gentle sway of the boat beneath you as you embark on a once-in-a-lifetime adventure. Boat travel offers a unique and enchanting way to explore the world.

Whether you choose a cruise ship, ferry, or sailboat, there’s something magical about being out on the open sea.

Unlike other forms of transportation, traveling by boat allows you to escape the confines of land and immerse yourself in the beauty and tranquility of the ocean.

As a passenger on a boat, you can witness breathtaking sunsets, spot dolphins playing in the waves, and feel an unparalleled sense of freedom as you journey toward your destination.

With boats catering to travelers and cargo alike, endless sea exploration possibilities exist. So why not embrace this extraordinary mode of travel and set sail for your next adventure?

Cruise Ships vs. Cargo Ships: Exploring Different Boat Travel Options

Comparing cruise ships and cargo ships brings to light the differences in amenities and experiences available on each type of vessel.

Cruise ships are known for their luxurious accommodations, entertainment, and dining choices. Passengers can enjoy spa treatments and live shows or relax by the pool while experiencing breathtaking ocean views.

On the other hand, cargo ships offer a more authentic and intimate travel experience. These working vessels allow passengers to witness the daily operations of shipping companies firsthand.

While they may lack some extravagant features of cruise ships, cargo ships provide a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in commercial shipping.

From transatlantic crossings to freighter travel adventures, boat travel options exist for those seeking a different journey on the open sea.

Embark on a Memorable Cruise: Unveiling the Joys of Cruise Ship Travel

Immerse yourself in a world of luxury and excitement as you embark on a memorable cruise, where endless possibilities for relaxation and adventure await.

Cruise ship travel offers a unique experience like no other. With numerous cruise lines, you can find the perfect luxury cruise that suits your preferences.

Once onboard, indulge in exquisite dining options, luxurious accommodations, and top-notch entertainment. The joys of cruise ship travel extend beyond the amenities and into the captivating itineraries that take you on unforgettable voyages to breathtaking destinations.

As you sail through crystal-clear waters, imagine yourself exploring vibrant Caribbean islands or discovering hidden gems in exotic locations. With each stop along your journey, you’ll have the opportunity to disembark and explore fascinating ports of call.

Onboard activities cater to every taste – whether lounging by the pool with a refreshing cocktail or participating in thrilling excursions like snorkeling or zip-lining.

So why wait? Embark on an extraordinary adventure and let the joys of cruise ship travel create memories that will last a lifetime.

Off the Beaten Path: Exploring Unique Ports on Boat Tours

Venture off the traditional route and uncover hidden treasures as you explore one-of-a-kind ports on captivating boat tours. Off the beaten path, these unique ports offer a glimpse into lesser-known destinations filled with charm and authenticity.

Imagine docking at remote islands, picturesque coastal towns, or even historic fishing villages that retained their old-world charm.

On these boat tours, you can immerse yourself in the local culture, sample delicious regional cuisine, and discover hidden gems that can’t be found in travel guidebooks. Whether wandering through vibrant markets or exploring ancient ruins, there’s something for every adventurous traveler.

Booking a boat tour allows you to escape the crowds and experience true freedom as you travel by sea. From luxurious cruise ships to cargo ship travel options, there’re various ways to embark on these unforgettable journeys.

So pack your bags and prepare for an extraordinary adventure as you sail to explore these unique ports on boat tours.

Onboard Experiences: What to Expect During Your Boat Travel Adventure

Get ready to embark on an unforgettable journey as you step aboard and discover a world of exciting experiences awaiting you during your boat travel adventure.

Whether you travel the world on luxury cruise ships or opt for more unique options like cargo ship voyages or freighter travel offers, onboard experiences will captivate your senses.

As you set sail on the high seas, prepare yourself for the thrill of sea travel and the freedom it brings.

Feel the wind in your hair as you lounge on deck chairs, soaking up the sun and taking in breathtaking ocean views.

Explore different ports of call, immersing yourself in local cultures and traditions. Don’t forget to familiarize yourself with safety procedures and always wear life jackets when necessary, respecting local laws.

Get ready for an adventure like no other!

Freighter Travel: Unconventional Journeys on Cargo Ships

Embarking on a freighter travel adventure allows me to experience unconventional journeys on cargo ships, offering a unique and off-the-beaten-path way to explore the world.

Unlike traditional boat trips, freighter travel offers an intimate and authentic experience as I sail through the vast oceans aboard a working cargo ship.

As I arrive at the bustling port, I’m immediately immersed in the vibrant atmosphere of international trade. The sight of massive containers being loaded and unloaded fills me with awe.

Onboard, I find comfort in my cozy cabin, equipped with all the essentials for a comfortable journey. The slow pace of life on a cargo ship gives me ample time to relax and enjoy breathtaking coastal views.

From sailing through crystal-clear waters in the Bahamas to witnessing stunning sunsets from the deck, every moment kindles my sense of freedom and adventure.

To embark on this extraordinary voyage, various freighter companies offer unforgettable experiences on these floating engineering marvels.

The USA to Europe: Epic Transatlantic Voyages

As I traverse the vast Atlantic Ocean, a sense of awe washes over me as I witness the magnificent spectacle of cargo ships connecting the USA to Europe.

The journey from the USA to Europe is an epic transatlantic voyage that offers a unique and unforgettable experience. Here are four reasons why traveling by boat on this route is the ultimate way to explore:

• Freedom: Sailing across the ocean provides a sense of liberation and escape from everyday life.
• Unparalleled Views: From the deck of a ship, you’ll be treated to breathtaking vistas of endless horizons and stunning sunsets.
• Slow Travel: Embrace a slower pace of travel, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in the journey and appreciate each passing wave.
• Cultural Connections: Onboard, you’ll have opportunities to interact with fellow travelers from different backgrounds, fostering cultural exchanges that enrich your experience.

Embarking on a transatlantic voyage from the USA to Europe is an adventure that combines exploration, relaxation, and cultural discovery into one unforgettable boat trip.

Planning and Booking: Essential Steps for a Successful Boat Trip

Navigating the planning and booking process is essential to ensure a successful and fulfilling voyage across the Atlantic. Regarding traveling by boat, taking a boat from the USA to Europe is an incredible way to explore the world without flying. Several steps need to be taken for a smooth journey.

First, decide on your desired route and destination. Next, research different boat options and compare prices, amenities, and reviews.

Once you’ve decided, book your ticket in advance to secure your spot. Finally, pack wisely and prepare for any potential challenges or delays.

To make things easier, here’s a helpful table outlining some important considerations when planning and booking your trip:

Following these steps and being organized in your planning process will prepare you for an unforgettable adventure across the Atlantic.

It’s truly a unique way to travel – hopping oneway between two continents while experiencing the freedom of life at sea. So don’t miss out on this incredible opportunity; start planning today!

Safety and Regulations: Ensuring a Smooth and Secure Journey

Ensure a smooth and secure journey across the Atlantic by familiarizing yourself with safety regulations and taking necessary precautions. When embarking on a boat travel adventure, it’s crucial to prioritize safety.

Start by researching reputable boat companies like Crewseekers that prioritize the well-being of their passengers. Ensure your chosen boat has the right safety equipment, such as life jackets, fire extinguishers, and emergency flares.

Familiarize yourself with maritime regulations to ensure compliance throughout your journey. Communicating with the crew about safety procedures and emergency protocols is also essential.

Remember, a secure journey starts with proper planning and preparation. By adhering to safety regulations and equipping yourself with knowledge, you can experience the ultimate guide to travel by boat while enjoying a smooth and secure journey across the open seas.

Creating Your Boat Travel Itinerary: Must-See Destinations and Tips

Embarking on a boat adventure allows me to sail on a captivating voyage, exploring breathtaking destinations and uncovering hidden gems.

One must-see destination is the Caribbean, with its crystal-clear waters and vibrant marine life. As I plan my itinerary, I am considering taking an airplane to Panama, where I can board a freighter for an extraordinary experience. This unique journey offers stunning coastline views and allows me to witness dolphins playing in their natural habitat.

Another exciting stop is Thailand, where I can immerse myself in the rich culture and explore pristine beaches. Before setting sail, it’s essential to check visa requirements for each destination and budget accordingly, considering that some freighters charge around $100 per person daily.

With Singapore as my final stop, my boat travel adventure promises ultimate freedom and endless discoveries.

After diving deep into the world of boat travel, it’s clear that setting sail is truly the ultimate way to explore the wonders of our vast oceans.

From luxurious cruises to off-the-beaten-path adventures, there’s something for everyone on these remarkable journeys.

And who wouldn’t want to experience the thrill of a transatlantic voyage?

So grab your life jacket and embark on an unforgettable adventure.

Remember, while safety regulations are in place, sometimes irony can bring unexpected twists to our travels.

Happy sailing!

FAQs | Travel by Boat

What is boat travel.

Boat travel refers to traveling by boat or ship, whether it’s for leisure, transportation, or exploration purposes.

What are the benefits of traveling by boat?

Traveling by boat allows you to experience the serenity of the sea, enjoy breathtaking views, explore unique destinations, and avoid the hustle and bustle of airports and crowded cities.

How can I book a boat trip?

You can book a boat trip by contacting a travel agency, searching online booking platforms, or contacting boat tour operators. Check availability, prices, and reviews before making your reservation.

Are there different types of boat tours available?

Yes, there are various types of boat tours available. Some options include cruise ship tours, ferry trips, yacht charters, cargo ship experiences, and sailing adventures.

Can I travel by boat from the USA to Europe?

Yes, traveling by boat from the USA to Europe is possible. Several cruise lines offer transatlantic cruises that provide a unique way to cross the ocean and explore different countries.

Are boat trips safe?

Boat trips can be safe if proper safety measures are followed. It’s essential to choose reputable boat tour operators, wear life jackets when required, and listen to the instructions provided by the crew.

Can I travel by freighter and cargo ships?

Yes, it is possible to travel on freighter and cargo ships. This type of travel offers a unique experience, allowing you to see the world differently. However, it’s important to note that freighter travel may have limited passenger amenities compared to cruise ships.

What are some popular destinations for boat travel?

There are numerous popular destinations for boat travel, including the Caribbean islands, the Mediterranean coast, Greek islands, Alaskan fjords, Norwegian fjords, and the French Riviera, among others.

Is it possible to travel by boat with a bicycle?

Some boat tour operators allow passengers to bring bicycles on board. Still, it’s essential to check with the specific company beforehand and inquire about any restrictions or additional fees that may apply.

What should I pack for a boat trip?

When packing for a boat trip, it’s crucial to include essentials such as appropriate clothing for different weather conditions, sunscreen, a hat, comfortable shoes, a swimsuit, toiletries, any necessary medications, and a valid passport if traveling internationally.

• https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Boat_travel
• https://www.jasminealley.com/travel-by-boat/
• https://drifttravel.com/planning-to-travel-by-boat-here-are-some-useful-tips/

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Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) Frequently Asked Questions

Travel document requirements for entry into the united states by land or sea, what is the western hemisphere travel initiative.

The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) is the plan to implement a key 9/11 Commission recommendation and a requirement of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. WHTI establishes document requirements for travel by land or sea into the United States from Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean and Bermuda. Travel between the U.S. mainland and U.S. territories such as Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands is not affected.

What requirements changed on June 1, 2009?

U.S., Canadian, and Bermudian citizens must now present approved travel documents when entering the United States at land or sea ports of entry.

Why is WHTI being implemented for land and sea travel?

The goal of secure, standardized travel documents is to strengthen border security while facilitating entry into the United States for U.S. citizens and legitimate international travelers, making the process more secure, more efficient and more convenient.

What types of documents are accepted as of June 1, 2009 for entry into the United States via land or sea by U.S. and Canadian citizens?

U.S. citizen adult travelers can present a valid:

• U.S. Passport;
• Passport Card;
• Enhanced Driver’s License;
• Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI or FAST);
• U.S. Military identification card when traveling on official orders;
• U.S. Merchant Mariner document when traveling on official business; or
• Form I-872 American Indian Card; or
• Enhanced Tribal Card (when available).

Canadian citizen adult travelers can present a valid:

• Canadian passport;
• Enhanced Driver’s License; or
• Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI or FAST).

What is required for U.S. and Canadian children?

U.S. and Canadian citizen children under age 16 arriving by land or sea from a contiguous territory (Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean) may present an original or copy of his or her birth certificate, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad, a Naturalization Certificate, or a Canadian Citizenship Card.

For groups of children, U.S. and Canadian citizen children under age 19 arriving by land or sea from a contiguous territory and traveling with a school group, religious group, social or cultural organization, or sports team, may also present an original or copy of his or her birth certificate, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad, a Naturalization Certificate, or a Canadian Citizenship Card.

The group should provide, on organizational letterhead:

• The name of the group and supervising adult.
• A list of the children on the trip, the primary home address, phone number, date of birth, place of birth, and name of at least one parent or legal guardian for each child.
• A written and signed statement of the supervising adult certifying that he or she has obtained parental or legal guardian consent for each participating child.

How do WHTI document requirements affect Native Americans?

The American Indian Card (Form I-872) is currently a WHTI-compliant document for entry by land or sea.

CBP is currently working with several Native American tribes toward the development of Enhanced Tribal Cards (ETCs), which upon designation by CBP, will be WHTI-compliant documents.

What about military personnel?

U.S. citizen members of the U.S. Armed Forces (Active Duty or Reserves) who are coming to or departing from the United States under official orders (to include leave orders) may present a military identification card and the official orders when entering the United States. Those not under official travel or leave orders and presenting a military ID will not be considered WHTI-compliant.

Alien members of the United States Armed Forces, and alien members of the force of a NATO country, who are coming to or departing from the United States under official orders should present their military identification and official orders.

What is required for Bermudian citizens?

All Bermudian citizens are required to present a valid passport issued by Bermuda or the United Kingdom.

Whose document requirements are not affected by this change?

WHTI does not affect document requirements for Mexican citizens and U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents.

What are the document requirements for U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents?

U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents are still required to present a valid permanent resident card (Form I-551), or other valid evidence of permanent residence status. A passport is not required.

What are the document requirements for Mexican citizens?

Mexican citizens, including children, are required to present a passport with visa, or a Border Crossing Card. Mexican citizens may present a Border Crossing Card (BCC) as a stand-alone document for entry from Mexico only (by land or by pleasure vessel or ferry). The BCC also serves as a nonimmigrant visa, and together with a valid passport, it meets the documentary requirements for entry at all land, air, and sea ports of entry.

Is the Border Crossing Card (DSP-150) only acceptable for Mexican citizens traveling from Mexico? What about travel from Canada?

The Border Crossing Card is acceptable as a stand-alone document (by itself) only for travel from Mexico by land, or by pleasure vessel or ferry. Together with a valid passport, though, it meets the documentary requirements for entry at all land, air, and sea ports of entry (to include travel from Canada).

How do these requirements affect First Responders or medical emergency situations?

The implementation of WHTI does not prevent CBP from continuing to allow U.S. and foreign nationals without a WHTI-compliant document to enter the country on a case-by-case basis in the event of unforeseen medical or non-medical emergency situations, or in cases of humanitarian or national interest. This has been a common practice for decades, and allows expedited processing for unforeseen emergencies such as first responder action and patients involved in medical emergencies on both sides of the border. CBP port management will continue to coordinate with local emergency departments to ensure that local procedures are in place and emergency situations are facilitated.

Please note however, that for emergency first response personnel who regularly and routinely cross the border into the United States, obtaining a passport or other acceptable alternative document is likely to be the most expedient means of crossing the border.

Traveling by Sea

How will the new requirements affect passengers going on cruises.

U.S. citizens who board a cruise ship at a port within the United States, travel only within the Western Hemisphere, and return to the same U.S. port on the same ship (referred to as a “closed loop” cruise), may present a government issued photo identification, along with proof of citizenship (an original or copy of his or her birth certificate, a Consular report of Birth Abroad, or a Certificate of Naturalization).

Please be aware that you may still be required to present a passport to enter the countries your cruise ship is visiting. Check with your cruise line to ensure you have the appropriate documents.

How are ferries and small boats (pleasure vessels) affected?

Ferries and small boats are processed much like land travel, and all individuals traveling by these modes of travel are subject to the new requirements.

What if I have an I-68 registration? Will I still need a passport?

Yes, boaters who have an I-68 form will still be required to abide by the new travel document requirements. Beginning June 1, 2009, Canadian Boat Landing (I-68) permits and Local Boater Option (LBO) registrations will only be issued to applicants presenting WHTI-compliant documents. I-68 permits and LBO registrations issued prior to June 1 will remain valid throughout 2009.

Please note that a NEXUS card is an alternative to a passport, and ensuring that you have either a NEXUS card or a passport will enable you to continue to use telephonic clearance procedures currently in place for I-68 holders. An I-68 form is similar to any kind of vehicle registration, and is not an identity document or a travel document.

Will travelers from U.S. territories need to present a passport to enter the United States?

No. U.S. territories are considered a part of the United States. U.S. citizens traveling directly from a U.S. territory are not considered to have left the country and do not need to present a passport. U.S. territories include the following: Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Swains Island and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

What if I don’t have an approved travel document?

Travelers should apply for approved travel documents as soon as possible, as it can take several weeks to receive a document that will comply with new requirements under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative.

CBP is committed to working with travelers to ensure they have access to and can obtain appropriate travel documents. U.S. and Canadian citizens who lack WHTI-compliant documents but are otherwise admissible will not be denied entry into the United States on June 1, and are encouraged to continue with their travel plans and to obtain facilitative and secure WHTI travel documents as soon as possible. Travelers without the proper documents may be delayed while CBP officers work to confirm citizenship and identity.

What is a U.S. Passport Card?

A U.S. Passport Card is a low-cost, limited-use travel document produced by the Department of State acceptable for land and sea travel to enter the United States from within the Western Hemisphere. The Passport Card was specifically designed to meet the unique challenges at the land borders. They currently are not accepted for international air travel. However, they can be used for identification purposes at TSA screening checkpoints for domestic air travel.

What is an Enhanced Driver’s License?

Enhanced Driver’s Licenses (EDLs) are new, low cost, convenient travel documents that denote both identity and citizenship. (Enhanced Identification Cards, where available, are also WHTI compliant travel documents providing both proof of identity and citizenship.)

Washington, Vermont, New York, and Michigan are issuing EDLs for U.S. citizens who are residents of their states, which may be used instead of a passport to enter the United State from Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean. EDLs contain features such as a radio frequency identification (RFID) chip and machine-readable zones that will facilitate the entry process at land and sea ports of entry. EDLs were specifically designed to meet the unique challenges at the land borders, and are not accepted for international air travel. However, they can be used for identification purposes at Transportation Security Administration (TSA) screening checkpoints for domestic air travel.

British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec are issuing WHTI-compliant EDLs to Canadian citizens who are residents of their provinces.

Will I be able to use an Enhanced Driver’s License at border crossings outside of my state or province?

Yes. EDLs are acceptable for entry into the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, and the Caribbean at any land or sea port of entry – not just at ports of entry in the issuing states or provinces.

What are the NEXUS, SENTRI and FAST programs?

U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s (CBP’s) Trusted Traveler Programs provide expedited cross-border travel for pre-approved, low risk travelers and commercial truck drivers through dedicated lanes and kiosks. Members in these voluntary programs must meet certain eligibility requirements and pay a five-year membership fee. NEXUS (the northern border program) and SENTRI (the southern border program) are for passengers; FAST (Free and Secure Trade) is the commercial equivalent for truck drivers.

For a complete list of participating locations, eligibility requirements, and application information, please visit the “Travel” link at www.cbp.gov and click “Trusted Traveler Programs.”

Does a passport or other WHTI-compliant document have to be valid?

Yes. In order to be WHTI-compliant, the document must be valid. For Canadian and Bermudian citizens, the document (passport, Enhanced Driver’s License, or Trusted Traveler Program card) must be valid for the entire period of admission.

What if I don’t have a valid, approved travel document?

Where can i go to obtain a passport or u.s. passport card.

You may obtain a birth certificate by contacting the appropriate agency in the state where you were born. A listing of agencies may be found through the National Center for Health Statistics at www.cdc.gov/nchs .

Does my birth certificate need to be a certified, original copy?

CBP recommends that, where possible, an original or a certified copy of your birth certificate be presented. However, under certain circumstances, e.g., if you have sent the original in for a passport application, a copy may be accepted.

What happens if my documents are lost or stolen before I return to the United States? What happens if I don’t have any documents when I need to cross the border back into the US at a land or sea port of entry?

CBP regularly handles unforeseen emergency situations in an appropriate manner and will continue to do so upon full WHTI implementation on June 1, 2009. CBP will continue to facilitate U.S. or Canadian citizens that need to return to their home country due to emergent circumstances but lack a WHTI-compliant document. U.S. citizens lacking WHTI-compliant documents will not be refused entry into the United States, but may be delayed as CBP officers work to verify identity and citizenship.

Why are travel requirements for land and sea travel to the US changing?

The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) is the joint Department of State (DOS) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) plan to implement the statutory mandates of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA).

WHTI establishes document requirements for travelers entering the United States who were previously exempt, including citizens of the U.S., Canada, and Bermuda.

Historically, U.S. and Canadian citizen traavelers were able to offer an oral declaration alone or could present any of over 8,000 different documents to prove identity and citizenship. The 9/11 Commission recommended and Congress mandated the requirement that all travelers – including U.S. and Canadian citizens – present a passport or other secure document that denotes both citizenship and identity when entering the United States.

This requirement was successfully implemented for air travel on January 23, 2007. Since then, compliance has been and continues to be extremely high – over 99%.

How will the Departments of Homeland Security and State increase the security of our borders without causing backups at the land borders?

DHS and DOS are using vicinity Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for documents to meet WHTI requirements.

The use of RFID-enabled travel documents helps speed processing at the border by providing CBP officers at land border ports with passenger and law enforcement information in advance of the traveler’s arrival at the vehicle inspection booth.

The technology also automates law enforcement checks to facilitate the processing of legitimate travelers while focusing attention on higher-risk individuals. This results in reduced processing time and a more secure process.

RFID technology has been used successfully along our land borders with Canada and Mexico since 1995. Through trusted traveler programs, such as NEXUS, SENTRI and FAST, U.S. border officials are able to facilitate legitimate cross-border travel and trade. Today, RFID technology can be found in car keys, highway toll tags and security access cards.

Which websites should I visit for information on WHTI?

For more information on WHTI document requirements, and links to related web sites, go to www.cbp.gov or www.state.gov/travelers .

Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative Air FAQs

What is it, whom does it affect and when did it go into effect.

The air portion of The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) requires, with some exceptions, citizens of the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda to present a passport to enter or depart the United States when arriving by air from any part of the Western Hemisphere.

Whom does the travel initiative affect?

U.S. citizens need a passport to enter the United States by air from Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, South and Central America, and the Caribbean (otherwise known as the Western Hemisphere).

Also under this rule, citizens of Mexico, Canada, and Bermuda are required to have a passport when entering the United States by air.

While United States citizens are currently required to have passports to enter most countries in Central and South America, this rule makes clear that the passport must be presented upon return to the United States as well.

When was the travel initiative implemented?

Phase 1: As of January 23, 2007, U.S. citizens and citizens of Canada, Mexico and Bermuda traveling by air between the U.S. and Canada, Mexico, Central and South America, the Caribbean, and Bermuda are required to present a valid passport to enter or depart the U.S.

Phase 2: As of June 1, 2009, U.S. and Canadian citizens who enter the U.S. at land and sea ports of entry from within the Western Hemisphere are required to present a WHTI-compliant travel document such as a valid passport, U.S. passport card, Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS/SENTRI/FAST) or an Enhanced Driver's License. Verbal claims of citizenship and identity alone are no longer sufficient to establish identity and citizenship for entry into the United States.

How do I get a passport?

United States citizens can visit the  U.S. State Department's Travel  website, or call the U.S. National Passport Information Center: 1-877-4USA-PPT; TDD/TTY: 1-888-874-7793. Additionally, instructions for obtaining a passport are available through the U.S. Postal Service.

Please allow a sufficient amount of time to apply and receive the passport in advance of travel. Processing of the passport application takes approximately six to eight weeks. If you need to travel urgently and require a passport sooner, please visit the  U.S. State Department's Travel  website for additional information.

Peak domestic passport processing is between January and July. For faster service, we recommend applying between August and December. U.S. citizens living outside the U.S. should contact the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate.

Foreign nationals should contact their respective governments to obtain passports.

How many U.S. citizens currently hold passports?

According to the State Department, approximately 109 million citizens hold U.S. passports.

How are U.S. lawful permanent residents (LPRs) affected by the passport requirement?

LPRs are able to use their Alien Registration Card (Form I-551), issued by DHS, or other valid evidence of permanent residence status to apply for entry to the United States.

What if I am an LPR but my children are U.S. Citizens?

Children who are U.S. Citizens need to obtain a passport even if their parents are Green Card holders.

What do I need to travel to Canada or Mexico?

Different countries may have different travel document requirements. It is best to check with the country you are visiting to determine the appropriate travel document requirements (for instance, whether you need a passport and/or visa). You can find out more by referring to the State Department website.

I am a Mexican citizen and have a valid Border Crossing Card (BCC). Am I required to also present a passport to travel to the United States by air?

Yes. Under this final rule, Mexican citizens, just like U.S., Canadian and Bermudan citizens, are required to present a passport for air travel. The BCC, while currently serving in lieu of a passport and visa for land border crossings within the border region, may also be used as a visitor's visa. However, due to the unique circumstances of air travel, it was felt that the additional presentation of a passport was necessary.

What happens to persons who attempt to enter or re-enter the country without a passport or an alternative travel document?

For the general public, people who apply for entry but do not have appropriate documentation will likely be referred for secondary screening at the port. In secondary, Customs and Border Protection officers will evaluate evidence of citizenship or identity the individual may have and will verify all information against available databases. For foreign nationals, a determination will be made at that time whether to admit the individual. However, to prevent delay at the ports of entry, we would encourage all travelers to obtain the appropriate documents before they travel.

In addition, the State Department has processes to assist U.S. citizens overseas to obtain emergency travel documentation for those with lost or stolen passports.

Do travelers from U.S. territories need to present a passport to enter the United States?

No. These territories are a part of the United States. U.S. citizens returning directly from a U.S. territory are not considered to have left the U.S. and do not need to present a passport. U.S. territories include the following: Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Swains Island and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. If the traveler also visited non-U.S. territories, he/she is required to present a passport.

Although U.S. citizens are not required to present a passport when departing U.S. territories and traveling to the mainland, having evidence of citizenship (e.g., U.S. passport, birth certificate, Trusted Traveler Program card) or lawful permanent residence (e.g., green card) available will help CBP expedite your customs processing.

Additionally, although not required to present a passport, travelers departing the U.S. territories for the U.S. mainland are subject to customs and agriculture restrictions. Travelers are entitled to a $1,600 duty-free exemption, as long as they remained in the U.S. territories for 48 hours or longer. After the $1,600 duty-free exemption, travelers will be required to pay a flat rate of 1.5% on the next $1,000 worth of goods purchased.

CBP officers may also conduct baggage checks or ask additional questions as part of standard inspections of outbound passengers, to prevent any non-native species of plants, pests or plant diseases, which may be present in one of the islands from being introduced to the mainland. For example, a pre-departure examination is performed on all passengers and cargo moving from Hawaii to the mainland U.S. The purpose of this examination is to prevent movement of fruit flies and fruit fly host material. These rules also apply to Caribbean islands, including the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. For more information on what agricultural goods can be brought from U.S. territories and Hawaii, please visit the USDA website.

Does the passport requirement affect offshore U.S. citizens or LPR fishermen?

The passport requirement does not apply to U.S. citizens or LPR's who fish offshore, so long as they do not land in foreign soil.

For example, someone fishing in the Caribbean would only have to present a passport upon return if they traveled from a U.S. state or territory (Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory, and the U.S. Virgin Islands consist of St. Thomas, St. John, St. Croix, and Water Island, and many smaller islands) and landed in Jamaica, the Bahamas, or any non-U.S. territory.

Nonresident aliens may not be employed aboard any U.S.-based fishing vessel as "D" crew members.

Other than a passport, what types of documents are acceptable for air travel?

Individuals traveling by air within the Western Hemisphere are required to present a passport for admission to the U.S. with limited exceptions.

This Final Rule outlines two additional documents that are acceptable for air travel. The first is the Merchant Mariner Document (MMD) issued by the U.S. Coast Guard that will be acceptable for use under WHTI by U.S. citizen merchant mariners traveling on official business. The other document is the NEXUS card, for which enrollment is limited to citizens of Canada and the United States, lawful permanent residents of the United States and permanent residents of Canada.

Can the NEXUS card be used at any air location?

NEXUS cards will only be accepted in conjunction with the NEXUS program at designated NEXUS sites.

How are members of the U.S. armed forces affected by the passport requirement?

There are no changes proposed for members of the U.S. armed forces traveling on active duty.

Currently, an individual traveling as a member of the United States armed forces on active duty is not required to present a valid passport to enter or depart the United States. There are no changes under the air rule for members of the U.S. armed forces.

This does not apply to spouses and dependents of these military members. Spouses and dependents are required to present a passport (and valid visa, if applicable) when traveling into the United States under WHTI.

How are members of the NATO Armed Forces affected by the passport requirement?

Currently, an individual traveling as a member of the United States armed forces on active duty is not required to present a valid passport to enter or depart the United States. There are no changes under the air rule for members of the U.S. armed forces. Any future changes, if necessary, will be addressed during the second phase of the WHTI rulemaking process.

This does not apply to spouses and dependents of these military members. Spouses and dependents will be required to present a passport (and valid visa, if applicable) when traveling into the United States under WHTI.

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Travel Tips and Trivia

Last Updated: January 23, 2024

10 Primary Advantages and Disadvantages of Water Transport

Want to discover the primary advantages and disadvantages of water transport? Click here for everything you could possibly want to know!

Danny Newman

I hope you find value in this run down of the primary advantages and disadvantages of water transport!

Most travellers move around via land or air.

They go in cars, buses, trains, and planes, but it’s almost always over ground or through the skies!

And you can’t blame them…After all, both domains of transportation offer fast, convenient, and budget-friendly ways to get from A to B.

Yet anyone who sticks exclusively to them all but ignores a third option that rarely gets the attention it deserves:

While it isn’t always a perfect (or viable) choice for itinerant people, this dark horse of getting around boasts a host of advantages that other modes of transport simply don’t.

Want to learn all about them? Keep reading to discover 10 advantages and disadvantages of water transport.

The Advantages of Water Transport

Let’s start with the good stuff. Here are the primary advantages of water transport to know about and enjoy when you’re travelling.

1. It’s Peaceful and Relaxing

The first thing to know is that travelling by water is almost always a peaceful affair.

It varies by the specific mode of transport you’re taking, of course. But, in general, you’re in for a nice and relaxing time.

Think about kayaks or sailboats, for example. There’s no roaring aeroplane engines or highway road noise to worry about here! It’s just you and the elements.

You have the calming effects of water to enjoy too. I, for one, can’t help but feel more chilled out when I’m next to a body of water.

Whether I’m hanging out on a beach or catching a ferry somewhere, there’s something about it that relaxes the mind and soothes the soul.

2. It’s Fun, Novel, & Adventurous

As I said in the intro, travelling by water isn’t as common as other ways to get around. I mean, it’s called ‘hitting the road ’ and not ‘hitting the sea ’ for a reason, right?

Most people take the bus instead of the boat.

And that novelty-factor alone can make the entire process feel far more interesting and adventurous. Undimmed by the familiarity of cars and planes, you’re in for a far more exciting time.

Better still, the reality of travelling by water is often no less adventurous than the idea of it.

Whether you’re hitting the seven seas in a sailboat or exploring secret coves in a kayak, you’re doing something fundamentally more exhilarating than other modes of transport.

Advantages of water transport

3. It’s Safe!

Films like Titanic, Captain Phillips, Adrift, and Deep Blue Sea don’t send the greatest message when it comes to safety at sea…

Thankfully, though, the reality of water transport’s very different:

It varies slightly by the exact way you’re getting around (jet skis will always be more dangerous than canal boats, for example!). Yet the likelihood of coming to harm when you travel by boat is minimal- especially when you compare it to something like road travel.

4. It’s Super Varied

Another reason that water transport stands out in my mind is for the variety on offer.

Think about it:

Jet skis, kayaks, paddleboards, ferries, canal boats, cruise boats, sailboats, mega-yachts (if you’re lucky), paddle boats, catamarans, rafts…There’s no shortage of ways to travel on water.

And all of them offer a distinctive and entertaining experience!

I know, the same could be said for going on land (with buses, trains, cars, bicycles, motorbikes, and more to choose from).

Combine that variety with the novelty and wow factor of travelling over water, though, and I reckon you’re onto a winner- especially when you’re a traveller on the hunt for new experiences.

5. It’s Better for the Environment

Ordinary cars and planes are bad news as far as the environment goes. They burn endless amounts of fossil fuels and release mind-boggling quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere.

Oh, and don’t forget the noise pollution (remember the peace and quiet of travelling by boat!).

Now, many types of boats aren’t what you’d call ‘great’ in the environmental either.

But- if only because of the relative lack of them compared to cars and planes- they’re surely a better option for the ecologically-minded traveller…Especially when you’re powered by the wind!

It means that you can get from A to B without having such a negative impact on the environment.

You Might Also Like These Posts About:

• The Advantages & Disadvantages of Air Transport
• The Advantages & Disadvantages of Travelling by Car

Disadvantages of water transport

The Disadvantages of Water Transport

It isn’t all hunky-dory though! There are various disadvantages of water transport to consider too. Check out this next section to learn all about them:

1. It’s Slow

One particular pitfall of most water transport comes down to time.

Basically, if you’re in a hurry to get somewhere that’s a long way away, then you might want to look elsewhere!

It doesn’t matter whether you’re going by ferry, kayak or sailboat, you move at a snail’s pace versus planes (and even some trains).

As much as I like slow travel compared to racing from place to place, sometimes you need to be somewhere fast. And, in those instances, going by water mightn’t be the best bet.

2. It Can Be Expensive

Here’s another disadvantage of water transport that’s related to travelling longer distances:

Getting from A to B by boat can be far more expensive than other forms of transport (such as flying)! For one reason or another, travelling over water can often cost an arm and a leg compared to what you’d expect to pay by land or sky.

That’s bad news for budget travellers! When money’s tight, travelling over water can put serious pressure on your purse strings.

3. It (Sometimes) Makes You Seasick

There are some practical challenges to going by boat as well. One of the worst?

Seasickness.

It’s a thing. And it sucks.

Some people suffer worse than others, but anybody who spends time on the ocean can expect to experience it at some point. And, whether you feel a vague nausea or suffer uncontrollable vomiting, it’s never fun.

Pros and cons of water transport

4. Weather/Storms Can Cause Trouble

It’s true that travelling on water’s a safe form of transport- especially when you compare it to other options (such as going by car and motorbike).

However, there’s no denying that adverse weather conditions and rough seas can reap havoc on the experience.

You only have to do a quick Google search to see how devastating storms can be at sea!

Indeed, the power of the ocean can be a scary thing. Riptides can pull you out, waves can knock you about, and serious storms can rip huge vessels apart like rag dolls.

5. It Can Be Impractical

Last but not least, there’s a level of impracticality to water transport.

First and foremost, you need water for it to be an option, right!?

That means it just isn’t viable for landlocked travellers looking to get around. As much as you might want to avoid road or air travel, you’ve got no other choice if there’s no waterway in sight.

Add that to the slowness and expense involved and going by water can often feel infeasible. Budget travellers looking to go long distances with limited time are arguably better off looking to other forms of transport.

Remember these Advantages and Disadvantages of Water Transport

Water transport’s often overlooked by hurried travellers looking to get from A to B.

Accustomed to going by land and sky, travelling by water gets ignored until an occasion when it’s the only possible option.

Hopefully, the advantages of water transport in this post have revealed why that’s such a shame!

Aside from the odd downside, going by boat (whatever the type) is a novel and exciting way of getting around that offers a host of unique rewards. Be sure to consider the pros and cons of water transport the next time you’re wondering how to get to your chosen destination.

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"Travel personality Kellee Edwards is unstoppable, exploring the world by land, sea and air. A licensed pilot, advanced open water scuba diver and a solo adventurer she takes travel to a new level flying herself to remote locations around the world."

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To support women making moves in traditionally male-dominated fields, Ford is spotlighting trailblazers like Kellee Edwards, a licensed pilot and travel journalist, whose approach to life is as unconventional as her "power suit."

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 “Edwards is pushing the limits of travel journalism.” 

-  TRAVEL+LEISURE

"The Most Interesting Woman in the World."

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“The Triple Threat of A Modern Adventurer. ”

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Advocacy for women in adventure travel, diversity in travel,  travel and safety for anyone who dares to step out of their comfort zone.

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She is an adventure travel journalist by land, air and sea as a multi-rated licensed pilot, advanced open water scuba diver and explorer. Kellee is the host of Travel + Leisure Magazine's "Let's Go Together" podcast and also the first Black woman to land her own travel TV series, hosting Travel Channel's Mysterious Islands.  On her show she has explored Indonesian caves with thousands of buried bodies,  been freediving with the matriarchal divers on South Korea's Jeju Island and piloted an aircraft in Alaska's temperamental Aleutian Chain, to name a few adventures.

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Complete Guide to Disney World Transportation

by Morgan Flaherty | Mar 21, 2023 | WDW Blog

Wondering how to get around Disney World? We’re sharing a complete guide to the various transportation options available at the Most Magical Place on Earth!

Coming in at 43 square miles, Walt Disney World Resort is absolutely massive. Anyone who has visited Disney World will tell you it’s truly its own world at the Most Magical Place on Earth. With a property this big, Disney World provides a variety of complimentary transportation to help you get where you need to go. From the iconic Monorail to the newer Disney Skyliner, we’re sharing every single mode of transportation around Disney World, with a complete guide that will explain where to find it, how to use it, and when you can go on it.

Bus Transportation

• Disney Skylner

Water Transportation

Airport transportation, other transportation.

Take a bus, and you can get pretty much anywhere you want to go on property! Photo by Cliff Wang

Staying at a Disney World Resort hotel? Each on-property Disney World hotel includes complimentary bus service to the parks and Disney Springs (this includes the Walt Disney Swan and Dolphin Hotels, as well). Bus service is also offered to the Disney World water parks, but you will likely be required to transfer service over at Disney Springs to complete your journey.

Where You Can Travel To/From:

You can find bus transportation available at every park and Resort hotel, as well as Disney Springs and the water parks. Hotels offer bus service to each of the four parks, though often buses will not be available to parks that have access to the Monorail or Disney Skyliner from your hotel. To get to Disney World’s water parks, you will need to take a bus to Disney Springs and transfer from there.

To better help with your route, you’ll want to tap “Get Directions” in your My Disney Experience app to help plan your trip from one park to another, as the easiest route may involve a combination of using the bus and another mode of Disney World transportation.

Hours of Operation:

Bus service between Disney World Resort hotels and theme parks begins 45 minutes before the park opens and lasts until one hour after the park closes. For transportation to Disney Springs from your hotel, it is available during Disney Springs’ operating hours, ending one hour after it closes.

Photo by Laurie Sapp

The Monorail is the quintessential form of transportation in Disney World. The world-famous “public transport of the future” has three separate lines, allowing you to travel from the Transportation and Ticket Center to EPCOT and Magic Kingdom. Additionally, the Magic Kingdom line loops through Disney’s Grand Floridian Resort and Spa, Disney’s Contemporary Resort, and Disney’s Polynesian Village Resort, providing easy transportation between the hotels and Magic Kingdom.

The Resort Monorail stops at:

Magic Kingdom

• Transportation and Ticket Center (TTC)
• Disney’s Contemporary Resort
• Disney’s Grand Floridian Resort and Spa
• Disney’s Polynesian Village Resort

The EPCOT Monorail and Express Monorail both originate at the Transportation and Ticket Center (a.k.a. Magic Kingdom’s “parking lot). They offer round-trip service to EPCOT or Magic Kingdom.

The EPCOT Monorail begins to operate 30 minutes before the park opens and ends two hours after EPCOT closes. The Resort Monorail and Express Monorail to Magic Kingdom each begin operating 30 minutes before the park opens and close one hour after Magic Kingdom closes.

Disney Skyliner

Disney World Skyliner Photo by Tatjana Lazar

Travel high in the sky through the Disney Skyliner gondola transportation service. You’ll find several Skyliner stations throughout Disney World, connecting EPCOT and Disney’s Hollywood Studios to Disney’s Riviera Resort, Disney’s Caribbean Beach Resort, Disney’s Pop Century Resort, and Disney’s Art of Animation Resort. The gondolas offer benches on either side, with a cool breeze created by vents on the sides of the gondola. The ride will give you stunning views of the parks and resorts unlike you’ve ever seen!

The Disney Skyliner connect Disney’s Hollywood Studios and EPCOT to the following Disney World Resort hotels:

• Disney’s Art of Animation Resort
• Disney’s Caribbean Beach Resort
• Disney’s Pop Century Resort
• Disney’s Riviera Resort

The hub of the Disney Skyliner is located at Disney’s Caribbean Beach Resort, so you will be able to change lines to go to either park easily through there.

Hours may vary based on when the theme parks open. Typically the Disney Skyliner will open about 60-90 minutes before a park opens, and close around 60-90 minutes after park close. You’ll be able to find daily hours posted outside each station when you disembark.

Photo by Danny Shuster

At Disney World, you can travel by land and air — so of course you can travel by water as well! Disney World offers boat transportation between several Resort hotels, with service available to Disney’s Hollywood Studios, EPCOT, Magic Kingdom, and Disney Springs.

Boat transportation destinations will vary based on where you’re staying. You can get to each park from the following hotels:

• Disney’s Fort Wilderness Resort & Campground
• Disney’s Grand Floridian Resort & Spa
• Disney’s Polynesian Villas & Bungalows
• Disney’s Wilderness Lodge

You can also take a Ferryboat from the TTC to Magic Kingdom.

EPCOT and Disney’s Hollywood Studios

• Disney’s BoardWalk Villas
• Disney’s Beach Club Villas
• Disney’s Yacht Club Resort
• Walt Disney World Dolphin Hotel
• Walt Disney World Swan Hotel

Disney Springs

• Disney’s Old Key West Resort
• Disney’s Saratoga Springs Resort & Spa
• Disney’s Port Orleans Resort – Riverside
• Disney’s Port Orleans – French Quarter

Hours may vary based on park opening and weather conditions. Typically, boats will begin operating 30+ minutes prior to park opening and close 45-60 minutes after park closing. However, you’ll want to make sure to check your daily hours on the day-of your trip.

The Sunshine Flyer is one of two shuttle bus options to get from Orlando Airport to Disney World. Photo by Maria Salerno

Previously Disney World offered complimentary service between the airport and Disney World Resort hotels with the Magical Express. However, that service has permanently ended. Now, you have several paid options for airport transportation . These include shuttle services such as Mears Connect and Sunshine Flyer and taking a rideshare, rental car, or private car service. For price comparisons and an overview of everything offered with each of these services, make sure to check out our complete guide here !

Photo by Cliff Wang

There are several other modes of transportation around Disney World that you should know. Minnie Vans are available to use around Walt Disney World Resort. The service is provided by Lyft, but is a fun way to drive around in a Minnie Mouse-themed vehicle. Minnie Vans can be accessed through the Lyft app within Walt Disney World Resort property. All you need to do is open the Lyft app, confirm your pickup location and tap “Select Minnie Van.” Pricing will vary depending on the length of your ride. Your ride will include up to two complimentary child seats, which are required for children under six years. Minnie Vans operate daily from 6:30AM to 12:30AM.

You can also use various rideshare services throughout Walt Disney World. Similarly to Minnie Vans, you can just use the Uber or Lyft app to specify your pick up and get where you need to go. Each park has designated rideshare pick-up and drop-off locations, making it easy to use throughout your day.

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By Air, Land and Sea, Travel is Electrifying

By Zach Wichter

• July 17, 2019

The roar of a jet engine, the vroom of a car, the vibration of a moving ship.

These sounds and sensations, commonly associated with travel and motion, share a common source: fossil fuel-powered engines.

But as regulators and businesses around the world try to reduce carbon emissions, airplanes, automobiles and ships are going electric. It’s good for the environment, but it also means travel itself may be changing. Here’s a look at a few of the initiatives that are underway.

Starting later this year, Hawaii’s Mokulele Airlines and its partner Ampaire, a California-based electric airplane startup, will begin testing a hybrid aircraft over Maui on the commuter route between the Kahului and Hana airports.

The flying public won’t be able to buy tickets for those early test flights, but the companies behind the tests say it’s an important step in proving that electric service is viable.

“You uncover a lot of gremlins when you start flying in a true operational cadence,” said Kevin Noertker, Ampaire’s co-founder and chief executive. He added that the current plan is to introduce commercial hybrid service by the end of 2021.

The planes have a range of around 200 miles, but because they are hybrids, test pilots don’t need to worry if their batteries run out of juice midair.

“We’ve designed the system with resilience in mind,” Mr. Noertker said.

Hybrid and fully-electric airplanes can also have lower operating and maintenance costs than traditional fossil-fuel-driven aircraft, because they use less fuel and have fewer moving parts. Those savings may ultimately be passed on to passengers. They also mean that more rural airports could one day see commercial service as the economics of flying to low-population destinations improve.

“Scheduled air service can come back to communities that have lost it in all the consolidation with the airlines,” said Rob McKinney, the president of Pacific operations for Southern Airways Express, which operates as Mokulele Airlines. “Rural communities will have air service again that haven’t had it in 20 or 30 years.”

Nevada has been undergoing a yearslong project to build out its electric vehicle charging infrastructure. It has deemed a stretch of U.S. 95 (the primary route between Las Vegas and Reno, not to be confused with Interstate 95 on the East Coast), along with portions of other major roadways in the state the “Electric Highway,” and is encouraging visitors to see the state by taking an emission-free road trip. Nevada is also home to the Tesla Gigafactory, which in some ways jump-started its electric vehicle efforts.

“We have so many cultural and historical sites that people are interested in and we promote the state through the road trip,” said Chris Moran, a public relations specialist at Travel Nevada . “It’s great to do it in a sustainable and respectful way to the environment.”

In some ways the new technology also allows people to travel in a more old-fashioned style. Because charging takes longer than filling up a gas tank, it means electric vehicle drivers are more likely to spend time and money in small communities along their route.

“If you think of what the interstate highway system is, how it so dramatically changed the nature of road travel and road trip tourism, this is a different way to travel and see places,” said David Bobzien from the Nevada Governor’s Office of Energy. “We have a lot of car enthusiasts who love their electric vehicles and they love to drive them, so it’s the road trip and the joy of the road trip that lures them to use the highway.”

Similar infrastructure can be found in many places in the Northeast as well, with Tesla charging stations along the Interstate 91 and 95 corridors.

Hamlet Aguilar relies on those stations as the anchor for his new business, Bound . The car-service, which began earlier this year, shuttles passengers between New York and Boston in Teslas for prices that begin at $99 each way.

“The electric cars allow us to provide a price point that the other transportation companies cannot do,” Mr. Aguilar said. “The high cost of maintaining a fleet and the gas, it was never cost effective. Being able to use these Teslas enables us to offer a very attractive price point.”

Water and electricity are finally beginning to mix.

Hurtigruten , a Norway-based expedition cruise company, is investing heavily in sustainably powered ships. The company focuses on exploration cruises, with its ships traveling places far from the Caribbean and Mediterranean destinations that most cruise passengers visit.

“This is something that has been a natural part of the development of the company and driven by a lot of very engaged people,” said Daniel Skjeldam, Hurtigruten’s chief executive. “One of the reasons they have been so proactive on it, since we’ve been sailing in these areas, they’ve been seeing the changes” like glaciers retreating, firsthand.

The company’s efforts include investing in an all-new hybrid-powered cruise ship, which will launch in September. That Alaskan cruise is already sold out.

In the next few years, the company will also convert its older diesel-burning ships to liquid natural gas and biogas-fueled hybrids (biogas is made from organic waste), and will launch a battery-powered hybrid catamaran for expeditions near the Norwegian coast later this year, with more coming into service in 2020. The company is working to develop solar chargers for those vessels.

None of these first-generation ships will be fully electric, but Mr. Skjeldam predicts that in the not-too-distant future, some vessels will be able to sail entirely under battery power for hours at a time.

He also said he thinks his company isn’t too far ahead of industry trends.

“I think we’ll see, to be honest, a revolution on sustainable travel in the next decade. I think a lot more ports worldwide will be much more demanding to the industry on what kind of ships they will accept into ports. The local emissions from a cruise ship are huge if they’re running on heavy fuel oil,” he said, adding that Norway will require ships in its Unesco-designated heritage fjords to be emission-free by 2026.

He admits though, that battery-powered vessels are still technologically limited.

“We don’t think batteries can be the only source for power, but it’s the perfect way to operate ships into sensitive areas.”

Elisabeth Goodridge contributed reporting.

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COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

United States travel advice

Latest updates: Health – editorial update

Last updated: March 28, 2024 07:53 ET

On this page

Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, united states - take normal security precautions.

Take normal security precautions in the United States

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Border with Mexico

Criminal incidents associated with drug trafficking are more frequent at the border with Mexico, in the following states:

If crossing the U.S.– Mexico border by car:

• remain extremely vigilant
• only use officially recognized border crossings
• avoid travelling at night

Petty crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, occurs, particularly in urban centres and tourist locations.

• Don’t leave bags or valuables unattended in parked cars, especially rental vehicles, even in trunks
• Ensure that your belongings, including passports and other travel documents, are secure at all times

Violent crime

Within large urban areas, violent crime more commonly occurs in poor neighbourhoods, particularly from dusk to dawn. It often involves intoxication.  Incidents of violent crime are mainly carried out by gangs or members of organized crime groups but may also be perpetrated by lone individuals. Although violent crime rarely affects tourists:

• be mindful of your surroundings at all time
• verify official neighbourhood crime statistics before planning an outing
• if threatened by robbers, stay calm and don’t resist

Crime Data Explorer – Federal Bureau of Investigation

Gun violence

The rate of firearm possession in the US is high. It’s legal in many states for US citizens to openly carry firearms in public.

Incidences of mass shootings occur, resulting most often in casualties. Although tourists are rarely involved, there is a risk of being in the wrong place at the wrong time. 

Familiarize yourself on how to respond to an active shooter situation.

Active Shooter Event Quick Reference Guide - Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency

Home break-ins

Canadians living in holiday homes have been the victims of break-ins and burglary.

Make sure you lock windows and doors securely at night and when you are away.

Common criminal strategies

Be on alert for robbery ploys targeting visitors.

Some criminals on highways target travellers leaving airports or other tourist destinations. They signal tourists to stop due to an issue with their vehicle. They then wait for the driver to pull over or exit the car before grabbing exposed valuables. Criminals may also throw items at the windshield, obscuring the view of the road and forcing the driver to pull over. 

If you’re the victim of such a ploy:

• avoid pulling over on the side of the road
• put on your hazard lights and slowly drive to a gas station, police station or other safe and populated area

Demonstrations

Demonstrations may occur. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Credit card and ATM fraud occurs, including debit card cloning. Be cautious when using debit or credit cards:

• pay careful attention when your cards are being handled by others
• use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or inside a bank or business
• avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements

Overseas fraud

There is a threat of terrorism. Terrorist attacks could occur at any time.

Targets could include:

• government buildings, including schools
• places of worship
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks
• public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, and hotels 

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) maintains a public alert system on terrorism to communicate information about terrorist threats.

National Terrorism Advisory System  – U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Hiking and mountaineering

If you intend on hiking, backpacking or skiing:

• never practise these activities alone and always hire an experienced guide from a reputable company
• buy travel insurance that includes helicopter rescue and medical evacuation
• obtain detailed information on hiking routes or ski slopes before setting out and do not venture off marked trails or slopes
• ensure that your physical condition is good enough to meet the challenges of your activity
• ensure that you are properly equipped and well informed about weather and other conditions that may pose a hazard
• inform a family member or friend of your itinerary, including when you expect to be back to camp
• know the symptoms of acute altitude sickness, which can be fatal

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the US authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the  Foreign Representatives in Canada .

You must provide proof of your Canadian citizenship upon entry to the U.S. There are several documents that can satisfy this requirement.

Travel by air

Canadian citizens travelling by air to the United States must present one of the following documents:

• a passport, which must be valid for the duration of their stay
• a valid NEXUS card, used at self-serve kiosks at designated airports

This requirement applies to all Canadian citizens, including children, travelling by air to or even just transiting through the United States.

Useful links

• Canadian passports
• Mobile Passport Control app – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Travel by land or water

As per the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI), Canadian citizens aged 16 years and older must present one of the following documents when entering the United States by land or water:

• a valid passport
• a Trusted Traveler Program card
• an enhanced driver’s licence (EDL) or enhanced identification card (EIC) from a province or territory where a U.S. approved EDL/EIC program has been implemented
• a Secure Certificate of Indian Status

The WHTI-compliant document you choose to use must be valid for the duration of your stay.

Canadian citizens aged 15 years and under entering the United States by land or water require one of the following documents:

• an original or a copy of a birth certificate
• an original Canadian citizenship certificate
• Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI ) – U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• Trusted Traveler Programs  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• Enhanced Driver’s Licenses: What Are They?  – U.S. Department of Homeland Security
• Apply for a Secure Certificate of Indian Status  – Indigenous Services Canada

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest diplomatic mission for your destination.

• Foreign representatives in Canada

Additional information at borders

Customs officials may ask you to provide your address while in the United States (including Puerto Rico). Customs Border Protection (CBP) officers may also ask for:

• evidence of residential, employment or educational ties to Canada
• proof that the trip is for a legitimate purpose and is of a reasonable length
• proof of sufficient funds to cover your stay     

Dual citizens

Although U.S. authorities don’t formally require dual nationals to carry both a U.S. and a Canadian passport, carrying both documents as proof of citizenship may facilitate your entry into the United States and your return to Canada.

• Travelling as a dual citizen
• Dual Nationality  – U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs

Canadian visitors can usually stay in the United States for 6 months without a visa. You must declare your intended duration of stay upon entry into the United States.

In most circumstances, Canadian citizens don’t require visitor, business, transit or other visas to enter the United States from Canada but there are some exceptions.

Canadians Requiring Visas  – U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada

Canadian permanent residents

Canadian permanent residents may need a non-immigrant visa to enter the United States.

You must obtain this visa from the U.S. authorities before entering the country. You must also have a valid passport from your country of citizenship.

Cross U.S. Borders – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Visa Waiver Program

If you are a citizen of a country that is part of the visa waiver program (VWP), you don’t need a visa to enter the U.S. for stays up to 90 days. Instead, you must obtain pre-travel authorization via the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) prior your departure.

• Visa Waiver Program  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• Countries participating in the Visa Waiver Program  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA)  – U.S. Department of Homeland Security

You must also carry proof of Permanent Resident Status in Canada upon re-entry into Canada.

U.S. permanent residents

Canadians who are permanent residents of the United States must present a valid U.S. permanent resident card upon entry.

International travel as a U.S. Permanent Resident  – U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

First Nations and Native Americans born in Canada

Members of Canada’s First Nations and Native Americans born in Canada may freely enter the United States for the purposes of employment, study, retirement, investing, or immigration.

• Entry and exit for First Nations and Native Americans  – U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada
• Green Card for an American Indian Born in Canada – U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Working in the United States

Most Canadian business travellers may apply for admission at a U.S. port of entry without first obtaining a non-immigrant visa. However, travellers entering the United States in certain business-related categories are required to present specific documents to establish eligibility for admission.

If you plan to work in the United States, contact the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate for specific requirements.

• Foreign Representatives in Canada

Studying in the United States

Canadian citizens don’t need visas to study or participate in a student exchange program in the United States. However, they need to be registered with SEVIS, a U.S. student tracking system. Students must present their registration form to CBP officers each time they enter the United States.

• SEVIS – U.S. Department of Homeland Security
• Canadian students  – U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada

Length of stay

If you wish to stay longer than 6 months, you must apply for an extension at the nearest U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) office once you are in the United States and before the expiry of your initial authorized stay. Immigration officers may ask you to demonstrate that you are a temporary visitor in the United States.

The U.S. government strictly enforces immigration regulations. Remaining in the United States beyond your authorized period of stay can result in serious consequences such as detention or deportation.

There is no set period that you must wait to re-enter the United States after the end of your authorized stay. However, if a CBP officer suspects you are spending more time in the United States than in Canada, it will be up to you to prove to the officer that you are a temporary visitor, not a U.S. resident.

Extend your stay  –  U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Upon entry into the United States, non-U.S. citizens must provide biometrics, such as digital fingerprints and a photograph.

Most Canadian citizens are exempt from this requirement. However, it will apply to Canadian citizens who:

• need a visa or a waiver of ineligibility
• must obtain an I-94 Arrival/Departure Record form to document dates of entry and exit from the country

Random screenings of exempt Canadians have occurred at border crossings and airports. If you feel that your information has been wrongfully collected, you can address the issue directly with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

• Biometrics  – U.S. Department of Homeland Security
• Arrival/Departure Forms: I-94 and I-94W – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Electronic devices

U.S. border agents are entitled to search your electronic devices, such as your phones, computers or tablets, when you are entering the United States. They don’t need to provide a reason when requesting a password to open your device.

If you refuse, they may seize your device. The border agent could also delay your travel or deny entry if you are not a U.S. citizen.

Before crossing the border, put your device in airplane mode to ensure remote files don’t get downloaded accidentally.

Inspection of Electronic Devices  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Preclearance

The preclearance service provides clearance for entry into the United States for persons and their luggage at a Canadian preclearance airport before departure instead of on arrival in the United States.

When using U.S. preclearance facilities at a Canadian airport, you must meet U.S. entry requirements. You will be interviewed by a U.S. preclearance officer. They are authorized to inspect your luggage and can refuse you entry into the United States.

It’s an offence under Canada’s Preclearance Act to knowingly make a false or deceptive statement to a preclearance officer.  While you are in a preclearance area, you are subject to Canadian law, including:

• the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
• the Canadian Bill of Rights
• the Canadian Human Rights Act
• Canada’s Preclearance Act
• Canadian criminal law

You may withdraw your request to enter the United States and leave the preclearance area at any time unless a U.S. preclearance officer suspects on reasonable grounds that you have made a false or deceptive statement or obstructed an officer. The officer may then detain you for violations of Canadian law.

Preclearance Locations  –  U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Criminal Record

If you have a criminal record, no matter the severity or the date of the offence, you may be refused entry to the United States. You may also experience problems when travelling through U.S. airport facilities. A pardon for an offence issued by Canadian authorities is not recognized under U.S. law to enter the United States.

If you are ineligible to enter the United States, you may apply directly to U.S. Customs and Border Protection for a temporary waiver of inadmissibility via the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Canadian citizens may also apply at land borders.

U.S. ports of entry are computerized and connected to a centralized database. Information is readily available on criminal convictions in both Canada and the United States. Even though you may have entered the United States without hindrance in the past, you could run into difficulty if your record shows a criminal conviction or a previous denial of entry. Attempting to gain entry without a waiver could result in several weeks of detention and a permanent ban from entering the United States.

• Applying for Waiver  – Person entering into the United States with criminal record or overstay – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Previous use of cannabis, or any substance prohibited by U.S. federal laws, could mean that you are denied entry to the U.S. If you attempt to enter the U.S. for reasons related to the cannabis industry, you may be deemed inadmissible.

• Cannabis and international travel
• Cannabis and the U.S. – U.S. Embassy and Consulates in Canada
• Laws pertaining to cannabis

Boating in U.S. waters

Operators of small pleasure vessels arriving in the United States from a foreign port must report their arrival to U.S. Customs and Border Protection immediately for face-to-face inspection at a designated reporting location.

Some exceptions apply, including under Nexus Marine.

Pleasure Boat Reporting Requirements  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

You must have a valid Canadian passport to take a cruise from the United States. Some of the countries you visit will not permit entry without a passport. A passport is also important to re-enter the United States at the end of the cruise.

Ship authorities might retain your passport during the cruise, in accordance with their own administrative regulations and to facilitate clearance with U.S. Immigration.

If your passport is kept:

• obtain a receipt
• ensure you recuperate your passport at the end of the cruise
• always keep a photocopy of your passport with you

When examined at a port of entry, cats and dogs must show no signs of diseases communicable to humans. If there is evidence of poor animal health, you may need to get your pet examined by a licensed veterinarian, at your own expense. U.S. authorities may also require a health certificate.

Dogs must be vaccinated against rabies at least 30 days before entry, except for puppies under 3 months of age. Vaccination against rabies is not required for cats.

Other animals are also subject to controls or quarantine requirements.

Bringing Pets and Wildlife into the United States  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Children and travel

Canadian citizens under 19 travelling with a school or other organized group under adult supervision must travel with written consent from their own parent/guardian.

• Children: Traveling into the U.S. as Canadian Citizen  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• Consent letter for travel with children
• Travelling with children

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• Zika virus: Advice for travellers - 31 August, 2023
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Yellow fever is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is no risk of yellow fever in this country.

Country Entry Requirement*

• Proof of vaccination is not required to enter this country.

Recommendation

• Vaccination is not recommended.

* It is important to note that country entry requirements may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest diplomatic or consular office of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

About Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

In this destination, rabies  may be present in some wildlife species, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. 

If you are bitten or scratched by an animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. 

Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who will be working directly with wildlife. 

Polio (poliomyelitis) is an infectious disease that can be prevented by vaccination. It is caused by poliovirus type 1, 2 or 3. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus 2 (cVDPV2) is present in this country. Polio is spread from person to person and through contaminated food and water. Infection with the polio virus can cause paralysis and death in individuals of any age who are not immune.

Recommendations:

• Be sure that your polio vaccinations are up to date before travelling. Polio is part of the routine vaccine schedule for children in Canada.
• One booster dose of the polio vaccine is recommended as an adult .

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

Zika virus may be a risk in some areas of the United States. 

Zika virus is primarily spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can also be sexually transmitted. Zika virus can cause serious birth defects.

Visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s webpage Areas at Risk for Zika  for the most up-to-date information on Zika risk in the United States.

During your trip to a Zika risk area:

• Prevent mosquito bites at all times.
• Use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact, particularly if you are pregnant.

If you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, you should discuss the potential risks of travelling to areas where Zika is a risk with your health care provider. You may choose to avoid or postpone travel to these areas.

For more information, see Zika virus: Pregnant or planning a pregnancy .

• In this country, risk of  dengue  is sporadic. It is a viral disease spread to humans by mosquito bites.
• Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.
• Visit the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions webpage on Dengue in the U.S. States and Territories for the most up-to-date information on dengue outbreaks in the United States
• Mosquitoes carrying dengue typically bite during the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites . There is no vaccine or medication that protects against dengue fever.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Human cases of avian influenza have been reported in this destination. Avian influenza   is a viral infection that can spread quickly and easily among birds and in rare cases it can infect mammals, including people. The risk is low for most travellers.

Avoid contact with birds, including wild, farm, and backyard birds (alive or dead) and surfaces that may have bird droppings on them. Ensure all poultry dishes, including eggs and wild game, are properly cooked.

Travellers with a higher risk of exposure include those: 

• visiting live bird/animal markets or poultry farms
• working with poultry (such as chickens, turkeys, domestic ducks)
• hunting, de-feathering, field dressing and butchering wild birds and wild mammals
• working with wild birds for activities such as research, conservation, or rehabilitation
• working with wild mammals, especially those that eat wild birds (e.g., foxes)

All eligible people are encouraged to get the seasonal influenza shot, which will protect them against human influenza viruses. While the seasonal influenza shot does not prevent infection with avian influenza, it can reduce the chance of getting sick with human and avian influenza viruses at the same time.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Medical services and facilities

Health care is excellent. Service is available throughout the country. However, treatment costs are expensive.

All hospitals must accept and treat emergencies, regardless of the person’s ability to pay. Clients will, however, be charged for all services rendered. Foreign visitors without travel health insurance will have to pay out of pocket for their medical treatment.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Travel health and safety

There are restrictions and prohibitions on the import of certain prescription drugs into the United States.

Some medication that can be purchased over-the-counter in Canada is restricted to prescription-only status in the United States.

• Bring sufficient quantities of your medication
• Ensure to have a physician’s note explaining your medical condition, if applicable

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a   travel health kit , especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

Laws vary greatly from state to state. Consult the website of the state you wish to visit prior to arrival.

Penalties and transfer of offenders

A serious violation of the law may lead to a jail sentence or, in some states, a death sentence. Canadian citizenship confers no immunity, special protection or rights to preferential treatment.

If a jail sentence is imposed, it will be served in a U.S. prison, unless a request for a transfer to a Canadian prison is approved by the United States and Canada. Both countries have signed a treaty that permits a Canadian imprisoned in the United States to request a transfer to complete the sentence in a Canadian prison.

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

Although the possession of cannabis is legal in some U.S. states, it remains illegal under U.S. federal laws in any form and quantity, making it illegal to bring across the Canada-U.S. border.

Don’t attempt to cross the Canada-U.S. border with any amount of cannabis in any form, even if you are traveling to a U.S. state that has legalized possession of cannabis. If you do so, you can expect legal prosecution and fines, and possibly jail time.

• Entry/exit requirements pertaining to cannabis

Prescription medication

Personal medication may be subject to U.S. drug importation laws and regulations.

In general, personal importation of a 90-day supply of medication is allowed. U.S. Customs and Border Protection has absolute discretion to allow or not your Canadian-purchased medication into the United States.

When taking any prescription medication to the United States, it’s important to:

• take only the quantity that you would normally take for the number of days you will be in the United States, plus an additional week’s worth
• pack medicines in their original packaging with the dispensary label intact that shows your name and other pertinent information such as the drug’s name, dosage and DIN (drug identification number)
• keep a duplicate of your original prescription, listing both the generic and trade names of the drug
• have a physician’s note explaining your condition and the reason for you to be legitimately carrying syringes, if applicable

Prohibited and restricted items  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

2SLGBTQI+ travellers 

Some states have enacted laws and policies that may affect 2SLGBTQI+ persons. Check relevant state and local laws.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in the United States .

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of the United States , our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements .

• General information for travellers with dual citizenship

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. The convention applies between Canada and the United States.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in the United States, and if the applicable conditions are met, you may apply for the return of your child to the American court.

If you are in this situation:

• act as quickly as you can
• contact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence for information on starting an application under The Hague Convention
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in the United States to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children’s Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country’s judicial affairs.

• List of Canadian Central Authorities for the Hague Convention
• International Child Abduction: A Guidebook for Left-Behind Parents
• The Hague Convention - Hague Conference on Private International Law
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Emergency Watch and Response Centre

Expedited removal

U.S. Customs and Border Protection can bar non-citizens from the United States for five years if, in their judgment, the individuals presented false documentation or misrepresented themselves. Lying to a customs official is a serious offence.

There is no formal appeal process under expedited removal. However, if you believe the law has been misapplied in your case, you can request a supervisory review by writing to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services district director responsible for the port of entry where the decision was made.

Find a USCIS office  – U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Imports and exports

Contact the specific U.S. Customs and Border Protection office at the Canada/U.S. border crossing you are planning to use before starting your trip for the latest information on allowances and restrictions on bringing items into the United States. These change frequently.

Declare all items at your point of entry.

Contact information for USCBP  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Travel to Cuba from the United States

Existing U.S. sanctions restrict travel between the United States and Cuba. Tourists may not travel between the two countries. However, you may go to Cuba from the United States on other types of travel, if you meet certain requirements.

Cuba sanctions  – U.S. Department of the Treasury

You can drive in the United States if you have a valid Canadian driver’s license.

Traffic laws can vary from state to state.

Automobile insurance

Many states have mandatory automobile insurance requirements, and many require motorists to carry appropriate proof of insurance. Each state’s motor vehicles department can give you more specific information.

If you are in the United States and wish to drive to Mexico in your personal vehicle, you may need to purchase liability insurance and additional auto insurance.

• Foreign Nationals Driving in the U.S.  – U.S. government
• States’ motor vehicle department  – U.S. government
• Canadian Automobile Association
• American Automobile Association
• Road safety risks when travelling by land to Mexico
• Travel advice for Mexico

Hitchhiking

Never cross the border with a hitchhiker or as a hitchhiker. Though you may not be carrying anything illegal, the hitchhiker or driver might be, and you could be implicated.

Be equally careful about who and what you carry in your vehicle. As the driver, you could be held responsible for the misdeeds and belongings of your passengers, even if you were unaware of the problem.

The currency in the United States is the U.S. dollar (USD).

Canadian currency and personal cheques from Canadian banks are not widely accepted. Most banking transactions require a U.S. bank account.

There’s no limit to the amount of money that you may legally take into or out of the United States. However, you must declare to U.S. Customs and Border Protection:

• if you carry more than US$10,000 (in cash, cheque, money order,      travellers’ cheque or any other convertible asset) into or out of the      United States
• if you will receive more than US$10,000 while in the United States

Failure to comply can result in civil and criminal penalties, including seizure of the currency or monetary instruments.

Natural disasters can occur at any time.

Plan Ahead for Disasters  – U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Hurricanes usually occur from:

• May to November in the eastern Pacific Ocean, including Hawaii and Guam
• June to November in the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico

These severe storms can put you at risk and hamper the provision of essential services.

If you decide to travel to these regions during the hurricane season:

• know that you expose yourself to serious safety risks
• be prepared to change your travel plans on short notice, including cutting short or cancelling your trip
• stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts
• carry emergency contact information for your airline or tour operator
• follow the advice and instructions of local authorities
• Tornadoes, cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons and monsoons
• Large-scale emergencies abroad
• Latest advisories  – U.S. National Hurricane Center
• US National Weather Service  

Seasonal flooding can hamper overland travel and reduce the provision of essential services. Roads may become impassable and bridges damaged.

• Stay away from flooded areas
• Follow the advice of local authorities
• Monitor local news to stay up-to-date on the current situation

Earthquakes

Earthquakes pose a risk in the following states:

• Washington State

If you’re in an area prone to earthquakes, familiarize yourself with emergency procedures.

• Earthquake - Get prepared
• Earthquakes  – Federal Emergency Management

Heat and humidity

Humidity and heat may be most severe during the hot season, from June to September, particularly in the South and South-West of the country.

Know the symptoms of dehydration and heatstroke, which can both be fatal.

• Sun and heat safety tips for travellers – Government of Canada
• Heat & Health Tracker – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Bush and forest fires

Bush and forest fires are common and a risk across much of the United States, particularly during the summer months. 

Wildfires can occur year-round but they are most common during periods of low rainfall and high temperatures.

The air quality in areas near active fires may deteriorate due to heavy smoke. In case of a major fire:

• stay away from the affected area, particularly if you suffer from respiratory ailments
• always follow the instructions of local emergency services personnel, including any evacuation order
• monitor local media for up-to-date information on the situation
• Forest fire information - National Interagency Fire Centre 
• National Wildfire Risk Index – Federal Emergency Management Agency
• Latest wildfire information  - United States National Wildfire Coordinating Group
• Map of wildfires  – Fire weather & Avalanche Center
• California forest fires   – California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection

Tornadoes pose a risk in states east of the Rocky Mountains, particularly in:

• Mississippi

U.S. National Weather Service

There are several active volcanoes in the United States.

In the event of a volcanic eruption, ash could lead to air travel disruptions. The air quality may deteriorate and affect you, especially if you suffer from respiratory ailments.

• Monitor local media for the latest updates
• Follow the advice of local authorities, including evacuation order
• Be prepared to modify your travel arrangements or even evacuate the area on short notice
• Volcanic eruptions  - U.S. National Park Service
• Vog  – Government of Hawaii

Tsunamis 

The state of Hawaii is prone to tsunamis. A tsunami can occur within minutes of a nearby earthquake. However, the risk of tsunami can remain for several hours following the first tremor.

If you’re staying on the coast, familiarize yourself with the region’s evacuation plans in the event of a tsunami warning.

Tsunami Evacuation Zones  – Government of Hawaii

Local services

Dial 911 for emergency assistance.

Consular assistance

Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia.

Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee.

Illinois, Indiana (Jasper, Lake, Laporte, Newton, and Porter counties), Kansas City, Kansas, Missouri, Wisconsin.

Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Utah, Wyoming.

Indiana (excluding Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton and Porter counties), Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio.

Arizona, Nevada, Southern California

Florida, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands

Bermuda, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York State and Pennsylvania.

Northern California, Hawaii.

Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington.

For emergency consular assistance, call the Embassy of Canada to the United States, in Washington, and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.

You may call the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa toll-free at 1-888-949-9993.

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.

‘WaterCar' turns heads in Long Beach with its ability to travel on water and land

The first hybrid amphibious vehicle is hitting the waters near the queen mary , by mekahlo medina • published april 12, 2024 • updated on april 12, 2024 at 5:21 pm.

It is something out of a James Bond movie -- a car transforming into a boat while driving into the water. But it’s not Hollywood magic, it’s Southern Californian engineering and the ambition of the developers from WaterCar.

A new amphibious vehicle that can traverse through land and water is making a splash in Long Beach with its unique abilities.

“It’s like a neighbor vehicle, like an electric golf cart,” said David March, co-owner of Fountain Valley-based company WaterCar. “If you live within 5 or 10 miles from the water, then you are able to drive right down into the water (on one charge).”

The family team behind the company said what makes this creation so unique is that it’s a hybrid vehicle. The hybrid technology allows the car to use its battery power as a car and gas as a boat. Owners can charge it at home by plugging it in or while the gas engine is powering up the alternator on the water. 

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“It’s electric,” said Michael March. “So, it is silent and it’s got quite a bit of torque, sort of like a Tesla.”

It doesn’t go as fast as a Tesla, however. Its speed averages at about 25 miles per hour on the road and 45 mph on the water.

“These aren’t cheap,” said David March. “They are all handmade and they are made out of high-strength aluminum. So, they are north of $100,000.”

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WaterCar's owners said they hope to bring that price point down once they start mass-producing them. 

This isn’t the first amphibious vehicle the Marches created. In 2008, the owners showed NBC News’s Lester Holt the first rendition of the ‘WaterCar.’ It looked more like a sports car than a boat.

Customers demanded more of a “boat-centric” design. The company made the switch and went green with the electric car battery.

It’s designed to switch out the gas boat engine in the future to comply with impending state requirements and go fully green. 

“It’s fun, that’s what it’s all about,” said Michael. “That’s what boating is all about.”

This article tagged under:

“ All the rivers we used to travel by ”: Indigenous knowledge of hydrological change and its impacts in the Mackenzie Delta Region, Canada

• Original Article
• Published: 16 April 2024
• Volume 24 , article number  66 , ( 2024 )

Cite this article

• Jackie A. Ziegler 1 ,
• Trevor C. Lantz   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-1537 1 ,
• Tait Overeem 1 ,
• Tracey A. Proverbs 1 ,
• Sarah Lord 2 , 3 ,
• Aklavik Hunters and Trappers Committee ,
• Gwich’in Tribal Council Department of Culture and Heritage &

Inuvik Hunters and Trappers Committee

Climate change is causing widespread impacts to hydrological systems and altering ecosystems across the circumpolar north. Indigenous peoples have a rich knowledge of environmental changes in their territories and the social-ecological impacts of shifting conditions, which can inform our understanding of how these systems are changing. In this study, we used a participatory, mixed methods approach (29 interviews, 32 questionnaires) to synthesize Gwich’in and Inuvialuit knowledge of hydrological changes observed in the Mackenzie Delta Region. There was a strong consensus among Indigenous knowledge holders that an observed reduction in water levels is linked to increases in permafrost mass wasting, riverbank erosion, and sandbar formation. Indigenous knowledge holders also noted that shifting hydrology has disrupted travel and fishing activities in ways that are likely to impact the health and well-being of Indigenous communities in the region. These findings demonstrate that collaborative partnerships with Indigenous knowledge holders are critical to effectively identify regional-scale environmental change, understand its socioecological impacts, and support local and regional decision-making. Interview participants also highlighted the importance of on-the-land education and intergenerational knowledge sharing to ensure youth can continue to care for the land in the face of rapid socio-ecological change.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all of the interview and questionnaire participants and youth assistants involved in this project. Mahsi’ choo and Quyannaini to the communities of Aklavik, Inuvik, Fort McPherson, and Tsiigehtchic for their warmth and generosity. Thank you to the local organizations and community members who were essential in planning this project, helping with logistics, and assisting with participant selection. We would also like to thank Édouard Bélanger, Cheryl Greenland, Rachel Hovel, Vanessa Cunningham, Emma Hodgson, Jennifer Galloway, Kiyo Campbell, Kristin Hayes, and Steve Kokelj for their assistance with this project, as well as all past and present members of the Arctic Landscape Ecology Lab at UVic, especially those who assisted with this project in the field and the lab: Kiyo Campbell, Zander Chila, Mike Newton, and Chanda Turner.

This research was funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada through the Tracking Change project (grant number 895–2015-1024), ArcticNet (2019-P51), Polar Knowledge Canada (Northern Scientific Training Program), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN 06210–2018).

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Ziegler, J.A., Lantz, T.C., Overeem, T. et al. “ All the rivers we used to travel by ”: Indigenous knowledge of hydrological change and its impacts in the Mackenzie Delta Region, Canada. Reg Environ Change 24 , 66 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02209-4

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Trains Moscow to Elektrostal: Times, Prices and Tickets

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Moscow to Elektrostal by train

The journey from Moscow to Elektrostal by train is 32.44 mi and takes 2 hr 7 min. There are 71 connections per day, with the first departure at 12:15 AM and the last at 11:46 PM. It is possible to travel from Moscow to Elektrostal by train for as little as or as much as . The best price for this journey is .

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Virail's search tool will provide you with the options you need when you want to go from Moscow to Elektrostal. All you need to do is enter the dates of your planned journey, and let us take care of everything else. Our engine does the hard work, searching through thousands of routes offered by our trusted travel partners to show you options for traveling by train, bus, plane, or carpool. You can filter the results to suit your needs. There are a number of filtering options, including price, one-way or round trip, departure or arrival time, duration of journey, or number of connections. Soon you'll find the best choice for your journey. When you're ready, Virail will transfer you to the provider's website to complete the booking. No matter where you're going, get there with Virail.

How can I find the cheapest train tickets to get from Moscow to Elektrostal?

Prices will vary when you travel from Moscow to Elektrostal. On average, though, you'll pay about for a train ticket. You can find train tickets for prices as low as , but it may require some flexibility with your travel plans. If you're looking for a low price, you may need to prepare to spend more time in transit. You can also often find cheaper train tickets at particular times of day, or on certain days of the week. Of course, ticket prices often change during the year, too; expect to pay more in peak season. For the lowest prices, it's usually best to make your reservation in advance. Be careful, though, as many providers do not offer refunds or exchanges on their cheapest train tickets. Unfortunately, no price was found for your trip from Moscow to Elektrostal. Selecting a new departure or arrival city, without dramatically changing your itinerary could help you find price results. Prices will vary when you travel from Moscow to Elektrostal. On average, though, you'll pay about for a train ticket. If you're looking for a low price, you may need to prepare to spend more time in transit. You can also often find cheaper train tickets at particular times of day, or on certain days of the week. Of course, ticket prices often change during the year, too; expect to pay more in peak season. For the lowest prices, it's usually best to make your reservation in advance. Be careful, though, as many providers do not offer refunds or exchanges on their cheapest train tickets.

How long does it take to get from Moscow to Elektrostal by train?

The journey between Moscow and Elektrostal by train is approximately 32.44 mi. It will take you more or less 2 hr 7 min to complete this journey. This average figure does not take into account any delays that might arise on your route in exceptional circumstances. If you are planning to make a connection or operating on a tight schedule, give yourself plenty of time. The distance between Moscow and Elektrostal is around 32.44 mi. Depending on the exact route and provider you travel with, your journey time can vary. On average, this journey will take approximately 2 hr 7 min. However, the fastest routes between Moscow and Elektrostal take 1 hr 3 min. If a fast journey is a priority for you when traveling, look out for express services that may get you there faster. Some flexibility may be necessary when booking. Often, these services only leave at particular times of day - or even on certain days of the week. You may also find a faster journey by taking an indirect route and connecting in another station along the way.

How many journeys from Moscow to Elektrostal are there every day?

On average, there are 71 daily departures from Moscow to Elektrostal. However, there may be more or less on different days. Providers' timetables can change on certain days of the week or public holidays, and many also vary at particular times of year. Some providers change their schedules during the summer season, for example. At very busy times, there may be up to departures each day. The providers that travel along this route include , and each operates according to their own specific schedules. As a traveler, you may prefer a direct journey, or you may not mind making changes and connections. If you have heavy suitcases, a direct journey could be best; otherwise, you might be able to save money and enjoy more flexibility by making a change along the way. Every day, there are an average of 18 departures from Moscow which travel directly to Elektrostal. There are 53 journeys with one change or more. Unfortunately, no connection was found for your trip from Moscow to Elektrostal. Selecting a new departure or arrival city, without dramatically changing your itinerary could help you find connections.

Book in advance and save

If you're looking for the best deal for your trip from Moscow to Elektrostal, booking train tickets in advance is a great way to save money, but keep in mind that advance tickets are usually not available until 3 months before your travel date.

Stay flexible with your travel time and explore off-peak journeys

Planning your trips around off-peak travel times not only means that you'll be able to avoid the crowds, but can also end up saving you money. Being flexible with your schedule and considering alternative routes or times will significantly impact the amount of money you spend on getting from Moscow to Elektrostal.

Always check special offers

Checking on the latest deals can help save a lot of money, making it worth taking the time to browse and compare prices. So make sure you get the best deal on your ticket and take advantage of special fares for children, youth and seniors as well as discounts for groups.

Unlock the potential of slower trains or connecting trains

If you're planning a trip with some flexible time, why not opt for the scenic route? Taking slower trains or connecting trains that make more stops may save you money on your ticket – definitely worth considering if it fits in your schedule.

Best time to book cheap train tickets from Moscow to Elektrostal

The cheapest Moscow - Elektrostal train tickets can be found for as low as $35.01 if you’re lucky, or $54.00 on average. The most expensive ticket can cost as much as $77.49.

Find the best day to travel to Elektrostal by train

When travelling to Elektrostal by train, if you want to avoid crowds you can check how frequently our customers are travelling in the next 30-days using the graph below. On average, the peak hours to travel are between 6:30am and 9am in the morning, or between 4pm and 7pm in the evening. Please keep this in mind when travelling to your point of departure as you may need some extra time to arrive, particularly in big cities!

Moscow to Elektrostal CO2 Emissions by Train

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Frequently Asked Questions

Go local from moscow, trending routes, weekend getaways from moscow, international routes from moscow and nearby areas, other destinations from moscow, other popular routes.

The largest country in the world at 17,075,400 square kilometres (or 6,592,800 sq mi), Russia has accumulated quite an impressive reputation. Covering more than an eight of the Earth's land area, 142 million people live there making it the ninth largest nation by population . Still known for its impressive days as the expansive Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Russia was the world's first and largest constitutionally socialist state. A recognized superpower, the USSR was known for its excellence in both arts and science winning many awards in both fields.

Russia changed drastically after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, but it continues to be a powerful and important nation. It has one of the world's fastest growing economies and the world's eight largest GDP by nominal GDP. Russia is also one of the five countries which officially recognized nuclear weapons states. In conjunction with this title, Russia is also a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, the G8, APEC and the SCO, and is a leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

A European city in a country that lies over a vast part of Asia, Moscow holds one-tenth of all Russian residents . The city is located in the western region of Russia and is the capital and epicentre of political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation happenings. "Muscovites" , as residents are known, tend to be cultured and worldly. This may be due to the many scientific, educational, and artistic institutions that are based here. An intoxicating mix of the exotic and the familiar, it is the largest city in Europe with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world.

The city is situated on the banks of the Moskva River which flows through much of central Russia. Moscow is actually located in a basin for the Volga, Oka, Klyazma, and Moscow rivers. The city of Moscow is 994 sq. km with 49 bridges spanning the rivers and canals that criss-cross the city.

Forests are another part of Moscow's make-up. They coveer over a third of the territory in the region. A variety of animals like elk, wild boar, deer, foxes, weasels, lynx, martens, and birds make their home here.

Located in the UTC+3 time zone , Moscow has a humid continental climate. The summers tend to be warm and humid and the winters are long, cold, and hard. High temperatures occur during the warm months of June, July and August at about 23 °C (73 °F). Heat waves sometimes grip the city anywhere between May to September with temperatures spiking up to 30 °C (86 °F). Winters are harshly chilly with temperatures dropping to approximately 9 °C (15.8 °F). There is consistent snow cover for 3 to 5 months a year, usually from November to March.

Update 10/07/2009

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US states to conserve land, water with solar on canals

Three large projects in California, Utah, and Oregon will cover water reclamation facilities with solar panels, offering co-benefits for energy production and water conservation.

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Three projects in California, Utah, and Oregon will soon integrate solar panels onto water canals, thanks to federal funding from the US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which allocated $25 million for PV installations co-located with water reclamation facilities.

The three projects will receive a combined $19.5 million to support the projects, which are administered by the Bureau of Reclamation, an agency tackling the challenges of water and power management in the western United States.

This IRA carve-out was created with input from California Representative Jared Huffman. The program directed to study the water efficiency gains from covering canals with solar panels.

Solar on canals is a use-case for photovoltaics that is expected to come with significant co-benefits for each technology. The panels provide shade for the water resources, reducing losses from evaporation. In turn, the water cools the solar panels, reducing operating temperature, which improves the efficiency of the panels and slows degradation of the equipment.

“Deploying solar panels on our canal systems is a smart solution to our growing water and energy dilemmas – it harnesses clean energy technology to increase efficiency while reducing our carbon footprint and water loss from canal evaporation,” said Huffman.

The largest of the three projects, located in California, received $15 million through the fund. The San Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority will deploy floating solar arrays on the Delta-Mendota Canal. The University of California-Merced will study the project through a public-private partnership.

Researchers will deploy up to three varying floating solar technologies to assess the viability, costs, and benefits of floating solar over canals. The program will validate designs for PV on moving water and explore design and operational challenges associated with the emerging use-case.

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A 2021 study conducted at the University of California, Merced and University, Santa Cruz, showed that covering the approximately 4,000 miles of public water delivery system infrastructure in California with solar panels can generate 13 GW of energy annually, equal to about one sixth of the state’s installed capacity and about half the projected new capacity needed to meet the state’s goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions 40% by 2030.

The study modeled that 63 billion gallons of water could be saved annually by covering canals, which is enough to irrigate 50,000 acres of farmland or meet the water needs of more than 2 million residents.

The two other pilot projects are in Oregon and Utah. A $2.55 million-funded project in Oregon will float solar panels on the main canal of the Deschutes Project near Bend, Oregon.

In Utah, $1.5 million in funds are diverted to a project on the Layton Canal near West Haven, Utah. The five-year demonstration project will collect data on technical capabilities and economic feasibility for deploying solar canals at large scale.

In addition to improving PV performance and reducing evaporation, solar on canals is expected to minimize canal maintenance by reducing aquatic plant growth, create land use savings and preserve agricultural lands, and reduce the energy and carbon footprint of water reclamation facilities.

Through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, the Bureau of Reclamation is also investing $8.3 billion over five years for water infrastructure projects, including rural water, water storage, conservation and conveyance, nature-based solutions, dam safety, water purification and reuse, and desalination.

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Ryan Kennedy

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At the global scale, the key greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are:

• Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) : Fossil fuel use is the primary source of CO 2 . CO 2 can also be emitted from the landscape through deforestation, land clearance for agriculture or development, and degradation of soils. Likewise, land management can also remove additional CO 2 from the atmosphere through reforestation, improvement of soil health, and other activities.
• Methane (CH 4 ) : Agricultural activities, waste management, energy production and use, and biomass burning all contribute to CH 4 emissions.
• Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) : Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of N 2 O emissions. Chemical production and fossil fuel combustion also generates N 2 O.
• Fluorinated gases (F-gases) : Industrial processes, refrigeration, and the use of a variety of consumer products contribute to emissions of F-gases, which include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ).

Additional compounds in the atmosphere including solid and liquid aerosol and other greenhouse gases, such as water vapor and ground-level ozone can also impact the climate. Learn more about these compounds and climate change on our Basics of Climate Change page .

Global greenhouse gas emissions can also be broken down by the economic activities that lead to their atmospheric release. [1]

• Electricity and Heat Production (34% of 2019 global greenhouse gas emissions): The burning of coal, natural gas, and oil for electricity and heat is the largest single source of global greenhouse gas emissions.
• Industry (24% of 2019 global greenhouse gas emissions): Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily involve fossil fuels burned on site at facilities for energy. This sector also includes emissions from chemical, metallurgical, and mineral transformation processes not associated with energy consumption and emissions from waste management activities. (Note: Emissions from industrial electricity use are excluded and are instead covered in the Electricity and Heat Production sector.)
• Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (22% of 2019 global greenhouse gas emissions): Greenhouse gas emissions from this sector come mostly from agriculture (cultivation of crops and livestock) and deforestation. This estimate does not include the CO 2 that ecosystems remove from the atmosphere by sequestering carbon (e.g. in biomass, soils). [2]
• Transportation (15% of 2019 global greenhouse gas emissions): Greenhouse gas emissions from this sector primarily involve fossil fuels burned for road, rail, air, and marine transportation. Almost all (95%) of the world's transportation energy comes from petroleum-based fuels, largely gasoline and diesel. [3]
• Buildings (6% of 2019 global greenhouse gas emissions): Greenhouse gas emissions from this sector arise from onsite energy generation and burning fuels for heat in buildings or cooking in homes. Note: Emissions from this sector are 16% when electricity use in buildings is included in this sector instead of the Energy sector.

Note on emissions sector categories.

Emissions of non-CO 2 greenhouse gases (CH 4 , N 2 O, and F-gases) have also increased significantly since 1850.

• Globally, greenhouse gas emissions continued to rise across all sectors and subsectors, most rapidly in the transport and industry sectors.
• While the trend in emissions continues to rise, annual greenhouse gas growth by sector slowed in 2010 to 2019, compared to 2000 to 2009, for energy and industry, however remained roughly stable for transport.
• The trend for for AFOLU remains more uncertain, due to the multitude of drivers that affect emissions and removals for land use, land-use change and forestry.
• rising demand for construction materials and manufactured products,
• increasing floor space per capita,
• increasing building energy use,
• travel distances, and vehicle size and weight.

To learn more about past and projected global emissions of non-CO 2 gases, please see the EPA report, Global Non-CO 2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Projections & Mitigation Potential: 2015-2050 . For further insights into mitigation strategies specifically within the U.S. forestry and agriculture sectors, refer to the latest Climate Economic Analysis report on Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Potential in U.S. Forestry and Agriculture .

In 2020, the top ten greenhouse gas emitters were China, the United States, India, the European Union, Russia, Indonesia, Brazil, Japan, Iran, and Canada. These data include CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, and fluorinated gas emissions from energy, agriculture, forestry and land use change, industry, and waste. Together, these top ten countries represent approximately 67% of total greenhouse gas emissions in 2020.

Emissions and sinks related to changes in land use are not included in these estimates. However, changes in land use can be important: estimates indicate that net global greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, forestry, and other land use were approximately 12 billion metric tons of CO 2 equivalent, [2] or about 21% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. [3] In areas such as the United States and Europe, changes in land use associated with human activities have the net effect of absorbing CO 2 , partially offsetting the emissions from deforestation in other regions.

EPA resources

• Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (in the United States)
• Non-CO 2 Greenhouse Gases: Emissions and Trends
• Capacity Building for National GHG Inventories

Other resources

• UNFCCC GHG Data Interface
• European Commission Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research
• World Development Indicators
• Climate Watch
• Carbon Dioxide and Information Analysis Center (CDIAC)
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy Data Explorer (IEA)

1. IPCC (2022), Emissions Trends and Drivers. In IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. doi: 10.1017/9781009157926.004

2. Jia, G., E. Shevliakova, P. Artaxo, N. De Noblet-Ducoudré, R. Houghton, J. House, K. Kitajima, C. Lennard, A. Popp, A. Sirin, R. Sukumar, L. Verchot, 2019: Land–climate interactions . In: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, E. Calvo Buendia, V. Masson-Delmotte, H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, P. Zhai, R. Slade, S. Connors, R. van Diemen, M. Ferrat, E. Haughey, S. Luz, S. Neogi, M. Pathak, J. Petzold, J. Portugal Pereira, P. Vyas, E. Huntley, K. Kissick, M, Belkacemi, J. Malley, (eds.)]. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157988.004

3. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 , (February 2021), www.eia.gov/aeo

Note on emissions sector categories:

The global emission estimates described on this page are from the Intergovernmental Panel (IPCC) on Climate Change's Fifth Assessment Report. In this report, some of the sector categories are defined differently from how they are defined in the Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions page on this website. Transportation, Industry, Agriculture, and Land Use and Forestry are four global emission sectors that roughly correspond to the U.S. sectors. Energy Supply, Commercial and Residential Buildings, and Waste and Wastewater are categorized slightly differently. For example, the IPCC's Energy Supply sector for global emissions encompasses the burning of fossil fuel for heat and energy across all sectors. In contrast, the U.S. Sources discussion tracks emissions from the electric power separately and attributes on-site emissions for heat and power to their respective sectors (i.e., emissions from gas or oil burned in furnaces for heating buildings are assigned to the residential and commercial sector). The IPCC has defined Waste and Wastewater as a separate sector, while in the Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions page, waste and wastewater emissions are attributed to the Commercial and Residential sector.

• GHG Emissions and Removals Home
• Overview of Greenhouse Gases
• Sources of GHG Emissions and Removals
• Global Emissions and Removals
• National Emissions and Removals
• State and Tribal GHG Data and Resources
• Facility-Level Emissions
• Gridded Methane Emissions
• Carbon Footprint Calculator
• GHG Equivalencies Calculator
• Capacity Building for GHG Inventories

Middle East latest: Putin holds call with Iranian president amid escalation fears; Israel 'unhappy' with China's response to Iran attack

Vladimir Putin calls for restraint during a call with Iran's president, amid fears of an escalation in hostilities. Meanwhile, an Israeli official says the country is "unhappy" with China's response to Iran's attack. Listen to a Daily episode on Iran as you scroll.

Tuesday 16 April 2024 15:50, UK

• Israel-Hamas war
• Putin asks for restraint in call with Iranian president
• Israel 'unhappy' with China's response to Iran attacks
• UN watchdog 'concerned' Israel could target Iranian nuclear facilities
• Alistair Bunkall analysis: Israel will likely respond - with or without international support
• US fighter jet squadrons remain in Middle East
• What Israel could do now and what its allies are saying: Here's the latest from our experts
• Michael Clarke analysis: All Israel's options for retaliation come with complications
• Live reporting by Emily Mee

The commander of Hezbollah's coastal sector has been killed in an Israeli strike, the IDF has said. 

It said one of its aircraft "struck and eliminated" Ismail Yusaf Baz in the Ain Ebel area of Lebanon. 

The commander had served as a senior official in several positions in Hezbollah's military wing.

He had also planned rocket and anti-tank missile launches toward Israel from Lebanon's coastal area, the IDF said. 

An estimated 10,000 women have been killed in Gaza since Israel's offensive on the Palestinian enclave began, a UN report has said. 

"Six months into the war, 10,000 Palestinian women in Gaza have been killed, among them an estimated 6,000 mothers, leaving 19,000 children orphaned," the UN Women report said. 

Susanne Mikhail, regional director of UN Women in the Arab States, said those who survive the bombings are suffering from "daily starvation, sickness and constant fear". 

"The war in Gaza is no doubt a war on women, who are paying a heavy price for a war not of their making," she added. 

The report also found one child is injured or dies every 10 minutes in Gaza.

The IDF has said it tries to reduce harm to civilians in Gaza. 

The seven-year-old girl severely injured during Iran's attack on Israel over the weekend remains in an extremely serious condition, a doctor in the hospital where she is being treated has said. 

Amina Hassouna was injured by shrapnel from an intercepted ballistic missile. 

She is being treated at the Soroka Medical Centre and is on artificial ventilation, paediatric intensive care director Dr Isaac Lazar told The Times Of Israel. 

"The interdisciplinary team of intensive care specialists, anaesthesiologists, neurosurgeons and others continues to care for her around the clock," Mr Lazar said.

"We all hope that her condition will quickly improve and that she will soon be healthy and able to return home with her family."

Israeli tanks have moved back into areas of northern Gaza they left weeks ago, residents have told Reuters.

People who had returned to the area of Beit Hanoun, once home to 60,000 people, fled once more as the raid began, they said.

One resident told Reuters that tanks surrounded schools and houses and ordered families to evacuate before detaining "many men".

In the south, warplanes conducted air strikes on Rafah, where hundreds of thousands of people are taking refuge, killing four people and wounding several others, medics and residents said.

The Israeli military said its forces continued to operate in central Gaza and that they had killed several gunmen who attempted to attack them. 

"Furthermore, over the past day, IDF fighter jets and aircraft destroyed a missile launcher along with dozens of terrorist infrastructure, terror tunnels, and military compounds where armed Hamas terrorists were located," it added.

Sky News cannot independently verify these reports.

Pictures taken by Reuters photographers on the ground in Israel show a ballistic missile on the shore of the Dead Sea.

Israel's military said it was one of the 120 fired by Iran on Saturday.

Vladimir Putin has told the president of Iran he hoped all parties in the Middle East would show restraint and not allow further confrontation, according to Russian state media.

In a phone call with Ebrahim Raisi, Mr Putin discussed in detail the suspected Israeli attack on the Iranian consulate in Syria on 1 April, reported RIA Novosti, citing the Kremlin.

Mr Raisi said Iran's retaliatory missile and drone attack against Israel on Saturday was "forced and limited" and emphasised he had no interest in further escalation, the report said.

Russia and Iran are close allies, with the latter an avowed enemy of the US and a supplier of military hardware for Moscow's war in Ukraine. 

The phone call comes amid fears that any further military escalation between Israel and Iran - especially any involving the US - could draw Russia into a wider conflict.

Early this morning we reported that while the West strongly condemned Iran's attack on Israel, China took a different approach.

Foreign minister Wang Yi told his Iranian counterpart that China appreciated Iran's emphasis on not targeting regional and neighbouring countries, and that Beijing believed Iran could "handle the situation well and spare the region further turmoil".

Now reports suggest Israel is disappointed with China's response to Saturday's attack, when Iran launched more than 300 missiles and drones.

"We were hoping for stronger condemnation and clear acknowledgment of Israel’s right to defend itself," said Yuval Waks, the deputy chief of the Israeli mission in China, according to the The South China Morning Post.

"Unfortunately, we did not see that, which is why we were unhappy with the statement," he said.

He said Israel was aware of the "good bilateral relations" between China and Iran, but Israel needed to express its "grave concerns to the Chinese regarding Iran's negative role in our region and its support of terror groups".

The Israeli government is split between those who want to hit Iran hard and those who do not want to waste the international community's support, says military analyst Michael Clarke.

The Israeli foreign minister has already been on the diplomatic offensive, urging 32 nations to enact sanctions against Iran. 

Clarke said the external world was leaning on Israel "very hard", attempting to leverage the amount of help Israel received from allies in defending against Iran's attack, and the number of ballistic missiles that malfunctioned, to urge Israel to exercise restraint.

"What the external world is saying to Israel is 'look, you were lucky, and you had our help, now don't spoil it by being so aggressive that we think twice about giving you that help again and you might not be so lucky the second time'", said Clarke.

Jordan has accused Benjamin Netanyahu of seeking to draw attention away from Gaza by escalating the confrontation with Iran.

Foreign minister Ayman Safadi said the international community should stop the Israeli prime minister from "stealing" attention away from Gaza.

He said Iran had responded to the attack against its consulate and had announced that it "did not want to escalate further".

"We are against escalating. Netanyahu wants to draw attention away from Gaza and focus on his confrontation with Iran," Mr Safadi added. 

Germany's foreign minister will travel to Israel today for discussions on how to prevent an escalation of tensions in the region following Iran's attack over the weekend.

"It is incredibly important for us as the German federal government in these fragile times that we all work together to contribute to de-escalation for the entire region," Annalena Baerbock said at a news conference in Berlin with her Jordanian counterpart, Ayman Safadi.

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What time the 2024 solar eclipse started, reached peak totality and ended

By Sarah Maddox

Updated on: April 9, 2024 / 5:04 AM EDT / CBS News

The 2024 solar eclipse will be visible across North America today. As the moon's position between the Earth and sun casts a shadow on North America, that shadow, or umbra, will travel along the surface from west to east at more than 1,500 miles per hour along the path of totality . 

That means the eclipse will start, peak and end at different times — as will the moments of total darkness along the path of totality — and the best time to view the eclipse depends on where you are located. Some places along the path will have more totality time than others.

In Texas, the south-central region had clouds in the forecast , but it was better to the northeast, according to the National Weather Service. The best eclipse viewing weather was expected in New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine, as well as in Canada's New Brunswick and Newfoundland.

What time does the 2024 total solar eclipse start?

The total solar eclipse will emerge over the South Pacific Ocean before the shadow falls across North America, beginning in parts of Mexico. The path of totality , where onlookers can witness the moon fully blocking the sun (through eclipse viewing glasses for safety ), is expected to first make landfall near the city of Mazatlán around 9:51 a.m. MT. 

The total solar eclipse will cross over the U.S.-Mexico border into Texas, where it will emerge over Eagle Pass at 12:10 p.m. CT and then peak at about 1:27 p.m. CT.

In Dallas, NASA data shows the partial eclipse will first become visible at 12:23 p.m. CT and peak at 1:40 p.m. CT. The next states in the path of totality are Oklahoma and Arkansas, where the eclipse begins in Little Rock at 12:33 p.m. CT. 

Cleveland will see the beginning of the eclipse at 1:59 p.m. ET. Darkness will start spreading over the sky in Buffalo, New York, at 2:04 p.m. ET. Then, the eclipse will reach northwestern Vermont, including Burlington, at 2:14 p.m. ET. Parts of New Hampshire and Maine will also follow in the path of totality before the eclipse first reaches the Canadian mainland  at 3:13 p.m. ET.

Although the experience won't be exactly the same, viewers in all the contiguous U.S. states outside the path of totality will still be able to see a partial eclipse. Some places will see most of the sun blocked by the moon, including Washington, D.C., where the partial eclipse will start at 2:04 p.m. ET and peak at about 3:20 p.m. ET.

In Chicago, viewers can start viewing the partial eclipse at 12:51 p.m. CT, with the peak arriving at 2:07 p.m. CT.  In Detroit, viewers will be able to enjoy a near-total eclipse beginning at 1:58 p.m. ET and peaking at 3:14 p.m. ET.

New York City will also see a substantial partial eclipse, beginning at 2:10 p.m. ET and peaking around 3:25 p.m. ET.

In Boston it will begin at 2:16 p.m. ET and peak at about 3:29 p.m. ET.

The below table by NASA shows when the eclipse will start, peak and end in 13 cities along the eclipse's path.

What time will the solar eclipse reach peak totality?

Millions more people will have the chance to witness the total solar eclipse this year than during the last total solar eclipse , which was visible from the U.S. in 2017. 

The eclipse's peak will mean something different for cities within the path of totality and for those outside. Within the path of totality, darkness will fall for a few minutes. The longest will last more than 4 minutes, but most places will see between 3.5 and 4 minutes of totality. In cities experiencing a partial eclipse, a percentage of the sun will be obscured for more than two hours.

Mazatlán is set to experience totality at 11:07 am PT. Dallas will be able to see the moon fully cover the sun at 1:40 p.m. CT. Little Rock will start to see the full eclipse at 1:51 p.m. CT, Cleveland at 3:13 p.m. ET and Buffalo at 3:18 p.m. ET. Totality will reach Burlington at 3:26 p.m. ET before moving into the remaining states and reaching Canada around 4:25 p.m.

Outside the path of totality, 87.4% of the sun will be eclipsed in Washington, D.C. at 3:20 p.m. ET, and Chicago will have maximum coverage of 93.9% at 2:07 p.m. CT. New York City is much closer to the path of totality this year than it was in 2017; it will see 89.6% coverage at 3:25 p.m. EDT. 

Detroit is another city that will encounter a near-total eclipse, with 99.2% maximum coverage at 3:14 p.m. ET. Boston will see 92.4% coverage at 3:29 p.m. ET.

What time will the solar eclipse end?

The eclipse will leave continental North America from Newfoundland, Canada, at 5:16 p.m. NT, according to NASA.

At the beginning of the path of totality in Mazatlán, the eclipse will be over by 12:32 p.m. PT, and it will leave Dallas at 3:02 p.m. CT. The eclipse will end in Little Rock at 3:11 p.m. CT, Cleveland at 4:29 p.m. CDT and Buffalo at 4:32 p.m. ET. Burlington won't be far behind, with the eclipse concluding at 4:37 p.m. ET.

Meanwhile, the viewing will end in Chicago at 3:21 p.m. CT, Washington, D.C. at 4:32 p.m. ET, and New York City at 4:36 p.m. ET. 

In Detroit, the partial eclipse will disappear at 4:27 p.m. ET, and in Boston, it will be over at 4:39 p.m. ET.

How long will the eclipse last in total?

The total solar eclipse will begin in Mexico at 11:07 a.m. PT and leave continental North America at 5:16 p.m. NT. From the time the partial eclipse first appears on Earth to its final glimpses before disappearing thousands of miles away, the celestial show will dazzle viewers for about 5 hours, according to timeanddate.com . 

The length of the total solar eclipse at points along the path depends on the viewing location. The longest will be 4 minutes and 28 seconds, northwest of Torreón, Mexico. Near the center of the path, totality takes place for the longest periods of time, according to NASA.

Spectators will observe totality for much longer today than during the 2017 eclipse , when the longest stretch of totality was 2 minutes and 32 seconds.

The moon's shadow seen on Earth today, called the umbra, travels at more than 1,500 miles per hour, according to NASA. It would move even more quickly if the Earth rotated in the opposite direction.

What is the longest a solar eclipse has ever lasted?

The longest known totality was 7 minutes and 28 seconds in 743 B.C. However, NASA says this record will be broken in 2186 with a 7 minute, 29 second total solar eclipse. The next total solar eclipse visible from parts of the U.S. won't happen until Aug. 23, 2044.

Sarah Maddox has been with CBS News since 2019. She works as an associate producer for CBS News Live.

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