best gynecologist visit

9 Tips for Finding the Best OB-GYN for You

Your women’s health specialist plays a big role in health and wellness. Whether you’re going to an obstetrician-gynecologist for a preventive screening, birth control advice, pregnancy care or to get help for a menopausal issue, you need an OB-GYN who can respond to your changing needs. Here's how to find someone who is a good fit for you.

How to Find the Best OB-GYN for You

An obstetrician-gynecologist, or OB-GYN for short, is a doctor who specializes in women's health and reproduction and can take care of you for both general gynecological needs as well as childbirth.

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These specialists play an important role in the care of women throughout their lives, not just during pregnancy. The American Pregnancy Association, a national organization that promotes pregnancy wellness, reports that OB-GYNs are medical doctors who specialize "in the management of pregnancy, labor and birth. They also receive specialized education in the area of the female reproductive system and surgical care. Much of their education focuses on the detection and management of obstetrical and gynecological problems."

Your gynecologist, OB-GYN or women’s health specialist screens you for diseases, helps you plan a family – whether that means assisting with or preventing pregnancies – troubleshoots below-the-belt problems and more. You may see an OB-GYN for routine gynecological care, such as pelvic exams, breast exams and Pap smears, as well as for infertility, abnormal bleeding, cancer, endometriosis , fibroids , menopause issues and many other women's health concerns. And whatever the reason for the visit, at the end of the day, there’s a good chance this person will throw on gloves, spread your legs and dive headfirst toward a very private part of your body . Because you’ll be discussing your most intimate and personal health issues with this doctor, you’ll want to find someone with experience who you can trust.

So how can you find the right doctor for you? "It's actually a very complicated question," says Dr. Jonathan Schaffir, associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center in Columbus. This is because many factors may play into your decision, ranging from convenience and the doctor's subspecialty to cultural preference and the doctor's bedside manner.

9 Tips For Finding the Best OB-GYN

How do you find that OB-GYN who will truly get you? Who will celebrate with you in joy, comfort you in sorrow, answer all your pregnancy and perimenopause questions, hold your hand when needed – and get up close and personal without making it weird?

You discuss a lot of important and sensitive topics with your OB-GYN. Ideally, they should be able to deliver good and bad news as deftly as they deliver a baby. But your doctor also needs to have the ability to operate in an expert and occasionally emergent fashion if the need should arise.

How do you find this unicorn of a physician who you may spend a lot of time with during very significant milestones in your life? Here are are few aspects to consider:

1. Who Accepts Your Health Insurance Plan?

One place to start, Schaffir says, is by looking at local doctors who accept your health insurance plan. Choosing an OB-GYN in-network usually means your insurance will cover more of their services. This can help you better understand your coverage options and avoid unexpected surprises down the line.

2. OB or GYN or OB-GYN?

Are you planning on becoming pregnant? Or are having children not part of your life plan?

First, determine whether you specifically need an obstetrician, a gynecologist or both (an OB-GYN). An obstetrician specializes in all stages of pregnancy. A gynecologist, on the other hand, specializes in all aspects of women’s health.

Women who neither are pregnant nor plan to have children should decide how to choose a gynecologist. However, women who are currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant will want to find out how to choose an obstetrician. As OB-GYNs, many doctors specialize in both areas, but be sure to double-check before making an appointment.

3. Do Your Homework

William Parker , clinical professor of OB-GYN at the UCLA School of Medicine in Santa Monica, also suggests looking online at websites that show information such as credentials, specialties, years in practice, patient reviews, education and more. Try the doctor finder tool from U.S. News , which includes location, insurance covered, patient reviews and more.

4. Do You Have Specific Health Concerns or Special Needs?

Schaffir also recommends considering whether you have any special needs or other health concerns.

"If you are a reasonably healthy woman without a lot of high-risk factors, you could likely see anyone and have a great experience. But if you do have medical conditions that would make your pregnancy high-risk, or a previous pregnancy with some complication, then it's important to seek out a provider who has some expertise and comfort in dealing with those particular problems. That should be a big factor in choosing a provider."

If you have specific concerns or conditions, they'll likely fall under one of gynecology's numerous subspecialties, which range from infertility troubles to cancer to pelvic floor disorders and more. Bring up your concerns with your gynecologist or OB-GYN, and they may send you to a specialist. For example, say you have urinary incontinence issues . Your doctor may refer you to a specialist in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. Each doctor has their own strengths.

If your regular gynecologist wants to be the primary source for solving your problem – say they want to perform the surgery that helps solve your incontinence – ask a few questions to make sure they are the best for the job. Find out how many of these kinds of surgeries they perform in a month and how many of them have been for women with your specific problem. Also ask if there are ever complications with the procedures, and if so, what they've been.

"That's your right to ask those kinds of questions," says Parker. "You're looking out for one person, and that's yourself. You want the best care you can get." It might turn out that, indeed, your gynecologist is the perfect person to handle your specialized concerns. But, in addition to the questioning, it doesn't hurt to ask your primary care physician for a specialist referral, and do some online searching, too.

Dr. Kecia Gaither, director of Perinatal Services at NYC Health + Hospitals/Lincoln in the Bronx, agrees that factoring in any other health concerns should be "the first question to consider" when selecting a doctor. Pregnant women with comorbid medical conditions, like diabetes, will "require a subspecialist – a maternal fetal medicine specialist, as opposed to a generalist."

5. Is Gender Important to You?

You should think carefully about whether you'd be more comfortable being seen by a male doctor or a female doctor. Some women do prefer being seen by a doctor of the same gender. Some cultural or religious backgrounds will direct a woman to a female doctor. If you’d prefer to be cared for by a female gynecologist, factor that into your choice. But also consider which provider will give you the highest level of care and who is available, convenient and in network.

Gaither recommends thinking about your expectations for the relationship you'll have with your OB-GYN.

While all doctors should be respectful and compassionate, those qualities can be particularly important for the professionals peeking between your legs. Sex, STDs , family planning, fears and, not to mention, your overall health – try discussing these topics with someone who seems uninterested, judgmental or short on time.

A good doctor will engage in a dialogue. Expect your doctor to listen well, take your questions and concerns seriously and explain his or her advice and actions. For example, if you're 40 years old and, at the appointment, tell your doctor you're weary of a mammogram , they should explain the pros, cons and guidelines of the screening.

6. Do You and Your OB-GYN Share the Same Values?

Make sure you and your doctor share the same values. Consider this: If you're going to the gynecologist seeking contraception and, upon discussing it at the appointment, discover that your doctor does not believe in birth control – red flag!

"My style of communication is direct. I show pictures. I explain the 'whys' and 'hows' and give a logical rationale using non-medical words of how a disease affects (the patient's) pregnancy," and how the patient can facilitate a more healthful pregnancy. But not every patient likes to hear that she might have to work at the pregnancy or change certain behaviors, and some may be fearful or in denial, all of which can lead to a negative assessment of the provider.

Consider the following criteria:

• How does your doctor view  pain management ?
• How open is your doctor to alternative medicine?
• How does your doctor view access to reliable birth control?
• Will your doctor perform a  vaginal birth after C-section ?
• Will your doctor perform an abortion if you need one?

7. Come Prepared to Your First Meeting

When you head into that first meeting, Gaither recommends coming in armed with information about "your medical and surgical histories. It's not wise to withhold information that may be pertinent to your physician establishing a health care plan." Also have a list of questions to ask and a list of your medications so your physician can have this information. "And know your family history," Gaither says.

8. If You're Expecting or Trying to Conceive

If you’re expecting, trying to conceive or planning for pregnancy in the near future, choosing the women’s health expert to trust with your care is a big decision. You can choose to work with an OB-GYN during your pregnancy or you can choose a midwife for pregnancy care.

Some women already have a maternity hospital in mind, so they try to find a good OB-GYN or midwife at the location where they want to deliver. Others start with an OB-GYN or midwife they like and then see if there’s a location for delivering near them. Both ways work, but regardless of what method you choose, make sure that hospitals affiliated with your OB-GYN or midwife have their own excellent reputation, have high neonatal standards and are covered by your insurance. Look at U.S. News's ratings for Best Maternity Hospitals .

9. If You Have a Good Health Provider, Stick With Them

When you find a good provider , hang on to them.

"I think continuity is always great," across multiple pregnancies, Schaffir says, because then you can build a relationship with a doctor "who knows you and is familiar with your history. I think that helps with your care." For his part, he says "it's very rewarding to have patients that I come to know and forge a relationship with and get to see them through multiple pregnancies. That's one of the most rewarding parts of being an obstetrician."

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Tags: doctors , patient advice , obstetrics and gynecology , women's health

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Your First Gynecologist Visit: 10 Things to Expect

By Vera Papisova

There comes a time in every person with a vagina’s life that they must start seeing an ob-gyn . I went for my first gynecologist visit after I got my first period, and she just acted like the blood coming out of my vagina was normal, so I did too. When I got to college, I had a few friends claim to be “best friends” with their gyno. Complete honesty without shame? Sign me up. Talking to your gyno about things like vaginal discharge might seem odd if you’re not used to talking about that stuff, but your ob-gyn’s job is to make you feel comfortable about the uncomfortable. Got a question about a new smell ? Ask it.

Before you make your first appointment, we found out exactly what you should know before your first gyno visit by talking to Sherry Ross , M.D., ob-gyn and women’s health expert at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in Santa Monica, California, and Antonio Pizarro , M.D., a board-certified gynecologist in Shreveport, Louisiana.

Below are 10 more things every person should know before going to the gyno.

1. You don’t need a reason to schedule your first appointment.

“It’s recommended girls 13–15 years old see their gynecologist to start and build a relationship to discuss sexually transmitted infection screening, prevention, and other health care advice,” says Dr. Ross. “If you missed this window, now is the time to make yourself an appointment. You want to develop an open and honest relationship where you feel comfortable to ask questions that may make you squirm in your seat or blush.”

2. Being nervous is normal…but you don’t need to be!

According to Dr. Pizarro, it’s all going to be okay. “It is normal to be nervous about going to the doctor, especially to address an issue as private and personal as reproductive health. Patients should not let this overwhelm them. There will be a female chaperone if a pelvic exam is needed, even if the clinician is a woman.” He continues, “Pelvic examination can cause patients to experience pressure, but it should not cause pain. You are in control of your health care, so if at any time during a visit to a doctor you are not comfortable, you should ask for the encounter to end.”

3. You don’t need to wax or shave before your appointment.

“Some women consider grooming their vaginas as part of their weekly or monthly beauty prep along with their mani-pedi and brow wax. It’s not necessary to shave or wax your vagina before getting a gynecologic exam,” Dr. Ross ensures. “Vaginal grooming is your personal choice. The main consideration on how to prepare for an exam is to simply be clean, so showering or using a vaginal hygiene wipe prior to your visit is suggested.”

4. You can bring someone with you, or you can have them wait outside. It’s up to you.

“It may help, if the patient chooses, to have one friend or family member present during the visit,” suggests Dr. Pizarro. “Some patients prefer for that person to stay for the examination, if one is indicated. I never ask a patient’s companion to leave, unless the patient requests that. Patients should feel in control and as comfortable as possible.”

5. Be prepared for honesty.

“Patients should prepare to be open and direct about their health, habits, sexual history, fears, and concerns,” says Dr. Pizarro. “Productive and effective health care only takes place when clear lines of communication and trust are established. The visit is private, and the topics discussed in the visit are protected by privacy laws.”

6. If you have your period, it’s a good idea to reschedule.

“ Having your period and getting a gynecologic exam is not a good idea,” warns Dr. Ross. “If you have a pap smear during your period, blood can make the results inaccurate. Hormonal changes during your period can make a breast exam really uncomfortable and vaginal bleeding makes a pelvic exam messy. It’s best to reschedule your gynecologic exam if Aunt Flo pays you a visit.”

7. Drink some water before you show up — you’re going to pee in a cup.

“You will need to pee in a cup during your gynecologic exam. When you pee in a cup the gynecologist is able to perform a ‘dipstick’ test of your urine,” Dr. Ross says. “This simple office test can check to see if you have anything you may be unaware of happening in your body. Finding bacteria can suggest a bladder infection or finding sugar (glucose) may suggest you have diabetes.”

8. You don’t need to give a blood sample.

“The good news is if you are having a routine gynecologic exam, meaning you are not having any health problems, it is unlikely you will need to have your blood drawn,” says Dr. Ross. “If you are having irregular periods or want a complete sexually transmitted infection screening, a blood sample is likely.”

9. If you’re under 21, you don’t need a pelvic exam yet.

“Pap testing and routine pelvic exam are not indicated before age 21. So, unless a patient younger than 21 is having a specific problem, there may be no reason to see a gynecologist,” says Dr. Pizarro. “Problems that her pediatrician cannot address may require referral to a gynecologist, and Pap testing should probably not be part of that. After age 21, routine exams and Pap testing are indicated.”

10. You can get the birth control pill without having an internal exam.

“It is not necessary to undergo a vaginal examination to start hormonal contraception . A directed abdominal-pelvic exam can be considered — it does not require a genital exam and it will provide a great deal of important information,” says Dr. Pizarro. “The timing of when to start hormonal contraception depends: If periods are normal, then start soon after [the] next normal period without a pregnancy test; but a negative pregnancy test will allow for contraception to start right away.”

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10 Things to Know Before Your First Gyno Exam

By Kristin Canning

If you have a vagina , there will come a time when you have to see a gynecologist —it’s an essential part of maintaining your health. But that first gyno exam can seem totally foreign—and even scary. The thought of discussing sensitive health topics and letting a total stranger examine your vagina might make you want to skip the appointment altogether.

But here’s the thing: Seeing an ob/gyn doesn’t have to be intimidating or uncomfortable; in fact, it can even be pretty damn empowering. Below, you’ll find exactly what you can expect from your first ob/gyn appointment—including how to best prep for it, how to stay calm when you’re feeling uneasy, and how to leave feeling confident about your sexual and reproductive health.

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends girls have their first ob/gyn appointment between the ages of 13 and 15, with a yearly wellness visit after that. You might have specific things to bring up with your doctor during your first appointment, like period issues, birth control options, and testing for sexually transmitted infections .

It’s smart to be clear about why you’re seeing the ob/gyn, Lauren Streicher, M.D. , associate professor of obstetrics and gynecologist at Northwestern University and author of Sex Rx: Hormones, Health, and Your Best Sex Ever , tells SELF. That way, you can make sure to discuss everything on your mind and be a better advocate for yourself. “For a new patient, most doctors will schedule 20 to 30 minutes,” says Dr. Streicher. “If you prepare before you get there, you can maximize your time and get your questions answered.” Plus, preparing can help you combat pre-exam nerves.

Regardless of your age, a medical professional will do a general physical exam to check your height, weight, and blood pressure before an ob/gyn checks you out.

Your doctor typically won’t perform a pelvic exam to check out your reproductive organs during your first ob/gyn visit. The exception is if you’re sexually active, want STI testing, or have other health concerns like abnormal bleeding or very painful periods .

If you’re 21 or older, however, a pelvic exam is recommended, along with a Pap test . During a Pap test, your doctor will swab your cervix (the lower portion of your uterus that connects to your vagina) to collect a sample of cervical cells to check for abnormalities that could indicate cervical cancer (which is rare and often treatable, so try not to stress!).

Your ob/gyn may also perform a breast exam. Even though young women have a low breast-cancer risk, your doctor will likely use this as an opportunity to show you how to examine your breasts and identify any changes, says Dr. Streicher.

A typical pelvic exam consists of three parts, according to the ACOG. The first is an external genital exam to look at your vulva, which includes everything you can see on the outside of your body, like your labia, clitoris, and the opening of your vagina. If your doctor offers you a mirror so you can see what’s up down there—or if you want to request one—don’t be shy! An ob/gyn visit is the perfect time to make sure you know the name, location, and purpose of all the parts of your vulva.

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Your doctor will also perform a vaginal and cervical exam with a speculum, which is a device they’ll insert into your vagina and expand to get a better view of your vaginal walls and cervix. While the speculum is inserted, your doctor will use a soft brush or a flat scraping device to take samples for your Pap test and to test for certain STIs.

Real talk: This part can be kind of weird. “Most people are uncomfortable with the speculum,” Mary Jane Minkin, M.D., professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Yale School of Medicine and creator of MadameOvary.com , tells SELF. Pro tip: Speculums come in different sizes, so if you’re worried about it hurting, you can let your doctor know and ask them to try something smaller. “And if you feel pinching or pain, you can say something,” says Dr. Streicher. The good part is that a speculum only needs to be in your vagina for around a minute for a doctor to perform a thorough exam, William Schweizer, M.D. , clinical associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at New York University Langone Health, tells SELF.

Once that’s done, your doctor will conduct a bimanual exam to study your reproductive organs. With a hand on your lower abdomen, they’ll insert one or two of their gloved, lubricated fingers into your vagina and feel around to make sure your uterus and ovaries are healthy. This is another part that can make people anxious, but it also only takes around a minute, Dr. Schweizer says.

Most doctors don’t require a pelvic exam to prescribe birth control —they’re able to make an informed decision based on your medical history and personal habits. If you’re curious about birth control options, they’ll start by asking questions about your behavior and preferences to help figure out what’s best for you. For example, pills might not be a great option if you know you’re super forgetful, Dr. Minkin says, so your doctor may recommend a “set it and forget it” method like an IUD or an implant that can last anywhere from 3 to 10 years, depending on the type. For some methods, you can usually walk out of the office with a prescription that day.

Though you might feel exposed during your first gyno exam, remember that your doc isn’t judging any aspect of your body, whether it’s your pubic hair or the length of your labia. Their purpose is to evaluate you medically, full stop. “We really don’t care, we’ve seen it all, and honestly, we barely notice,” says Dr. Streicher. If you’re able to, you can shower and rinse your labia with water before an appointment (no douching or perfume, though, because that can boost your risk of irritation or infection). If you can’t do this, it’s so not a big deal.

You also don’t need to worry about being on your period unless you’re specifically going to have your doctor examine your discharge, adds Dr. Streicher. Having your period may also affect the results of your Pap test or any STI testing, so you should give your doctor’s office a call to see if it still makes sense to come in or if you should postpone your appointment.

You’ll need to know the first day of your last period , so make sure you’re keeping track of that in the month leading up to your exam. You should also mention any pain, cramps, heavy bleeding, irregularity, or mood changes you get with your period. Your ob/gyn can prescribe birth control to help with period symptoms or look for signs of conditions like endometriosis , a condition that can cause pain, heavy periods, and trouble getting pregnant.

Your doctor will also ask about your sexual activity. Don’t be afraid to be open and honest here—your ob/gyn will keep everything confidential and won’t judge you. “It’s their job to support you. You have to answer honestly because STI screening will be based on that,” says Dr. Schweizer. Keep in mind that your oral sex and anal sex history count here, too, as both can lead to STIs. If you’re worried you might be pregnant because you’re sexually active and you’ve missed a period, be honest about that, too, and ask your doctor for a pregnancy test.

Your doctor will ask you about any medical conditions you have, medications you’re on, and past surgeries. That stuff can be hard to remember, especially when you’re nervous, so it can help to write everything down beforehand, says Dr. Streicher. That includes any relevant dates.

They’ll also want to know your family’s medical history. “It’s especially helpful to know about your mom’s health history and any family history of blood clots, as that can inform what birth control methods are best for you,” says Dr. Minkin. Contraception that contains estrogen, like the combined hormonal birth control pill, may put users at a higher risk of blood clots, according to the Mayo Clinic. The risk is still really small overall, but there are options that pose less of a risk if you have a personal or family history of blood clots, like the arm implant, an IUD, and progestin-only pills.

Also, if you haven’t gotten your vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV), now’s the time to ask about that. The vaccine protects against cancers caused by an HPV infection, including cancers of the cervix, vagina, and vulva, as well as cancers of the anus, back of the throat, and penis.

That starts from before you even arrive. You may find you’re more at ease talking to and being examined by either a male or female ob/gyn . It’s OK to research different medical practitioners in your area and choose based on who you think you’d feel most comfortable with. (Of course, you might be limited due to your insurance or one of your parent’s preferences, but it’s perfectly fine to do your best to choose who you’re going to see.)

Then, if you are anxious when you arrive or at any time in your appointment, tell your doctor, says Dr. Schweizer. “Let them know it’s your first time and you’re nervous. You can ask to have a nurse come hold your hand, or you can even bring in headphones and music if that helps.” If your doctor’s OK with it, you can also bring someone into the room with you—like a close friend or parent—if you need a little extra support, says Dr. Minkin.

You can even keep an eye on what the doctor is doing to ease your anxiety: “Sometimes it helps to see what the doctor is doing, so I offer to hold up a mirror if patients want to see what’s going on. And if you want to be told what I’m doing, step-by-step, I will,” says Dr. Schweizer. “It’s the doctor’s job to make you feel comfortable.”

If you got any tests done during your appointment, your doctor’s office may call to inform you of the results, or ask you to come in to review results or be retested. If you have STI testing, the results may be ready in a day to two weeks, says Dr. Minkin, and Pap test results typically come in one to two weeks.

Some offices won’t call you if your tests don’t show anything unusual, though, so be sure to clarify what you can expect before you leave your appointment. You can also sign off to have someone else, like a parent or close relative, get your test results if you’re super nervous.

Current guidelines only call for an pelvic exam every three years, though your doctor may suggest you get them more frequently, depending on your medical history or any health issues. But most women will go for a yearly wellness visit to renew their birth control prescription, have their well-woman visit, get STI testing, or check in on any other sexual health concerns they have. It’s especially important to get regular STI testing if you have new sex partners or if you’re having unprotected sex, says Dr. Minkin. Sometimes it’s difficult to get an appointment on an ob/gyn’s calendar, so it can be helpful to schedule your next appointment before you head out.

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SELF does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Any information published on this website or by this brand is not intended as a substitute for medical advice, and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional.

Well-Woman Visits

(gynecologic preventive care).

• Pelvic Examination |
• Breast Examination |
• Psychosocial Screening and Counseling |

Periodic well-woman visits may be provided by a gynecologist, other women's health clinician, or primary care clinician.

Recommendations vary regarding the frequency of primary care or gynecologic preventive care visits. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends well-woman visits every year for all women who are sexually active or > 18 years. The ACOG recommends that these visits include screening, evaluation, counseling, and immunizations based on age and risk factors.

Well-woman visits should include taking a comprehensive medical history, including current symptoms or concerns as well as medical, surgical, gynecologic , obstetric, family, and social history, as well as medications and allergies. Although these visits are typically called "well-woman" visits, taking a gynecologic history may also be relevant for patients who are gender diverse ( 1 ).

During a well-woman visit, patients may be screened for or counseled about

Breast cancer

Cervical cancer

Sexually transmitted infections

Contraception

Preconception care

Perimenopause and menopause

Depending on history of vaccination for human papillomavirus (HPV) and age of the patient, HPV vaccination should be offered. People who are not infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but are at high risk (eg, having a partner who is living with HIV, high-risk sexual behaviors, or illicit injection drug use) should be counseled about and offered preexposure prophylaxis with antiretrovirals (PrEP) , if appropriate ( 2 ).

General health screening and counseling, such as for diabetes , hypertension , or dyslipidemia and other topics, and to encourage a healthy diet and physical activity, are addressed as part of a well-woman visit by primary care clinicians and some gynecologists.

Pelvic Examination

The decision to perform a pelvic examination should be a shared decision between the patient and clinician ( 3 ). Pelvic examinations may be performed if indicated based on symptoms, as part of routine preventive care screening, or if a woman expresses a preference for the examination after reviewing the risks and benefits. There are inadequate data to support recommendations for or against performing a routine screening pelvic examination among asymptomatic nonpregnant patients who are not at increased risk of any specific gynecologic disease (eg, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer) ( 4 ). Also, pelvic examination is not indicated for initiation or renewal of contraception, except for an intrauterine device .

Women with risk factors for gynecologic cancer (eg, history of cervical dysplasia, in-utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol [DES], or prior gynecologic malignancy) may require more frequent screening and should be managed according to current guidelines.

Breast Examination

Like the pelvic examination, the decision to perform a breast examination should be a shared decision between the patient and clinician and performed when indicated by medical history or symptoms or if the patient expresses a preference for the examination ( 5 ).

Psychosocial Screening and Counseling

Assessment and counseling should be provided regarding

Intimate partner violence

Mental health

Substance use, including alcohol misuse and smoking cessation

All patients should be asked about domestic violence, including intimate partner violence , at their initial primary care or gynecologic or obstetric visit (and again at regular intervals) ( 6 ). Methods include self-administered questionnaires and a directed interview by a clinician. In patients who do not report they are experiencing abuse, findings that suggest current or past abuse include the following:

Frequent emergency department visits

Delay in seeking treatment for injuries

Inconsistent explanations for injuries

Head and neck injuries

Chronic unexplained abdominal pain or headaches

Psychiatric symptoms

Frequent sexually transmitted infections

Prior delivery of a low-birth-weight infant ( 7 )

Older adults with evidence of neglect or physical injury

1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Committee on Gynecologic Practice : Opinion No. 823: Health care for transgender and gender diverse individuals. Obstet Gynecol 137 (3):e75–e88, 2021. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004294

2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists  (ACOG) : ACOG Practice Advisory: Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, June 2022

3. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Committee on Gynecologic Practice : Opinion No. 754: The utility of and indications for routine pelvic examination. Obstet Gynecol 132 (4):e174–e180, 2018 (reaffirmed 2020). doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002895

4. US Preventive Services Task Force, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, et al : Gynecological Conditions: Periodic Screening With the Pelvic Examination. March, 2017

5. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Committee on Gynecologic Practice : Practice Bulletin Number 179: Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Screening in Average-Risk Women.  Obstet Gynecol . 2017 (reaffirmed 2021);130(1):e1-e16. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002158

6. Feltner C, Wallace I, Berkman N, et al . Screening for Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults: An Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2018 Oct. (Evidence Synthesis, No. 169.) Appendix F Table 1, IPV Screening Instruments. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK533715/table/appf.tab1/

7. Laelago T, Belachew T, Tamrat M . Effect of intimate partner violence on birth outcomes.  Afr Health Sci . 2017;17(3):681-689. doi:10.4314/ahs.v17i3.10

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When should a female start seeing a gynecologist?

With several choices in health care professionals and specialties, determining whom to see and when can be confusing. As an OB-GYN, one of the most common questions I hear from patients is, “What are the differences between the services offered by an OB-GYN and Family Medicine?” The second most common question is, “When should my daughter start seeing an OB-GYN versus her pediatrician or family medicine professional?” Both are excellent questions. However, the answers are not as straightforward as one might hope.

OB-GYN or Family Medicine?

OB-GYN and Family Medicine can complete preventive health exams for women. Both departments can screen for health diseases. So when do you see a gynecology professional and when should you see a family medicine professional?

Family Medicine is best suited if:

• You have a chronic medical condition that requires medication or regular lab work, such as diabetes, high blood pressure or cholesterol, or chronic pain.
• You have an acute condition that might require antibiotics, such as ear infections, strep throat, cellulitis or upper respiratory symptoms.
• You have any new onset of pain or recent injury.

OB-GYN is best suited if:

• You have questions or concerns regarding the female reproductive system, including breasts, uterus, ovaries and vulva. It also can include some urological or gastrointestinal symptoms.
• You have menstrual, pregnancy, fertility or contraception questions or issues.
• You have sexual health concerns, such as libido, pain or abuse.

Some services provided by Family Medicine and OB-GYN overlap, such as birth control, thyroid disorder and mood changes. In these cases, it’s best to start with whomever you feel most comfortable with, and they can guide you further if your concerns cannot be addressed fully.

At what age should a female see an OB-GYN professional?

A female could see an ob-gyn beginning at age 11 if she has concerns with:.

• Delayed puberty (no breast tissue changes before age 14) or delayed menarche (no menstrual cycles before age 16)
• Painful menstrual cycles, especially if missing school or activities due to symptoms
• Unable to wear a tampon or questions about genital anatomy
• Any sexual health questions or contraceptive needs

For other young females, family medicine or pediatric professionals can address most other health needs, including general questions about puberty. Sports exams and immunization reviews are best in those departments.

When to begin Pap smears

It’s important to understand Pap smear screening recommendations continue to change over time as more is learned about HPV. As a result, many parents remain uncertain about when their daughter should begin this screening. The recommendation is to begin Pap smear screenings at age 21, regardless of sexual activity or birth control needs.

At times, a pelvic exam or evaluation of the genitalia might be warranted. But this is not for Pap smear screening purposes. Also, HPV vaccination is recommended during the early teenage years — before sexual activity — to help prevent cervical cancer. Your health care team can give you more information regarding HPV vaccination at your appointment.

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What to expect at your first gynecological exam

Obstetrician and Gynecologist Ohio State Wexner Medical Center

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A yearly gynecological exam is an important part of a woman’s health care regimen. Before you’ve had your first appointment, it’s natural to feel a little nervous and to have questions.

As a general rule of thumb, the latest a healthy patient should start seeing a gynecologist is age 21. Some younger patients may want to come in if they’re experiencing painful periods, heavy bleeding or have other concerns. Here’s what you can expect at your first exam.

You can expect discomfort but not pain.

One of the routine elements of a gynecological visit is the pelvic exam. This can be uncomfortable but it’s not typically painful. If you use tampons or are already engaging in penetrating intercourse, then the pelvic exam won’t hurt.

For patients who are not sexually active or do not use tampons, then the pelvic exam may be a bit more unpleasant. However, the physician will talk you through it and the entire procedure is over in just about one minute.

It’s important to note that all patients may request a medical chaperone to be present if that’ll help them feel more at ease. That person could be a mother, sister or friend, too.

A pelvic exam & Pap test are typically performed.

For the pelvic exam, the doctor or nurse will ask you to lie on your back with your knees bent. Typically, you’ll rest your feet against supports or in stirrups which allows for the best angle. 

Once you’re in this position, the doctor will evaluate the inside of your vagina and the cervix to check for any abnormalities. They’ll insert a small device called a speculum which opens the vaginal walls and allows for a better look. Patients will feel pressure during this part of the exam but it lasts only a few seconds.

While the speculum is in place, the doctor will typically perform a Pap test. They’ll use a soft brush to collect a sample of cervical cells. Those cells are examined later to check for cervical cancer.

You can also expect the physician to perform a bimanual exam at this stage. They’ll wear gloves that are lubricated to make the process less uncomfortable. The doctor will insert their fingers into the vagina while pressing down on your abdomen with the other hand. This is done to examine the internal organs.

Your doctor will do a breast examination. You’ll lie on your back and the doctor will palpate the area to feel for any abnormalities. During your appointment, your doctor may also offer to do an STD check.

The doctor will ask about your menstrual cycle and sexual history.

A key component of the gynecological exam is the conversation with your doctor. She’ll ask questions about your menstrual cycle. For example, how old were you when you had your first period? What is the interval between periods and how many days do you bleed per cycle? We also ask for a basic medical history, such as medication usage, family history and whether you’ve had surgeries in the past.

You can expect your doctor to ask about your sexual history. This is important in part because we need to know if any sexual activity has been consensual. Your gynecologist’s office is a safe space and we are there as a resource to keep patients safe.

We’ll also ask about the number of sex partners and what type of protection you are using. This is a judgment-free zone. We are only interested in keeping you healthy. In my practice, I focus on safe sex practices as well as discussions about sexually transmitted infections with patients engaging in intercourse. We can discuss birth control options if appropriate.

Ask me anything.

I encourage all of my patients to ask me any questions. Does the patient have any concerns about intercourse, like whether it’ll be painful? Perhaps a patient has a question about the ability to reach orgasm. Again, your gynecologist is there to help and to provide a safe environment to address any and all concerns that you have.

It’s perfectly natural and normal to feel embarrassed or nervous before your first gynecological exam, or even before your second or third exams. I’d estimate that 95% of patients feel that way. Seeing a new provider about your health can always be uncomfortable due to the unknown. I do everything I can to reassure my patients and you can ask me anything, even if it’s not gynecological-related.

However, if you don’t feel comfortable with a specific provider or office, it’s OK to switch doctors. People don’t always “click” and we understand this. Also, if all you want to do is talk at your first appointment, that’s all right! Your doctor can explain everything and that’ll give you the opportunity to establish a comfort level with the provider. Medicine is not cookie-cutter or one-size-fits-all. Every patient is different and should be treated that way.

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A Complete Guide to Your First Gynecologist Visit

You’ve probably heard stories about a first gynecologist visit .

Maybe these were told by well-meaning friends or perhaps you saw these stories on the internet.

We want you to know that some of these stories may not be true. We’re here to set the record straight.

It’s perfectly normal to be a bit nervous or embarrassed about your first visit to the gynecologis t. That’s okay. But we want you to understand that there’s no reason to feel anxious.

We’ll guide you through your OBGYN annual exam so you’ll know what to expect.

If you’re a parent, you may want to bookmark this blog and show it to your daughter to help you discuss her first appointment.

Your First OBGYN Annual Exam: All You Need to Know About the Gynecologist

When should you first visit a gynecologist.

We recommend that you should have your first gynecologist visit when you’re between the ages of 13 and 17.

If you’re feeling a bit worried about your visit, please let us know. We promise we’ll put you at ease and explain everything that we are doing to help keep you healthy.

What Does A Gynecologist Do On Your First Visit?

Sometimes, on the first visit, we just want to talk to you about your health and what to expect at future appointments. Often, this does not involve a pelvic exam.

But if you have health problems—such as very painful or heavy periods   —you may need certain tests.

One thing is for sure: we’ll ask a lot of questions! This is how we get to know you so we can help you. You may find a few of these questions embarrassing or hard to talk about. We’ll discuss your period or whether or not you’re having sex. Being honest is important.

Don’t worry about your parent being in the room with you. We typically ask parents to wait outside for at least part of the time while we’re asking you these personal questions.

We’ll make sure the information remains confidential—but we encourage you to discuss these health issues with your parent.

It will help us if you can tell us the date of your last period and how old you were when you had your first period. We may also ask questions such as:

• Do you have irregular periods?
• How bad are your period cramps?
• Do you have any uncomfortable itching?
• Are you having sex?
• If you are having sex, do you use condoms? Are you using another form of birth control?

It may surprise you to know that gynecologists care about your whole health—not just what’s going on “down there.” If you’re depressed, have difficulty losing weight or have sleep problems, tell us about it!

What Type of Exams Will I Need to Have?

We’ll give you a general physical exam. This means we’ll check your blood pressure, your heart rate, your weight and we may need to take some blood for a blood test. This will help us see if you have diseases such as prediabetes.

If you are having sex, we may give you a test for sexually transmitted infections. We know it may be difficult to talk with us about sex, but that’s a part of our job.

You should never be embarrassed to talk to us. In fact, your sexual health is very important.

Remember that we talk with hundreds of women every year about their sex lives. There’s no reason to be worried. We understand.

We’ll also do an external genital exam. This means we’ll look at the area around your vagina—called your vulva .

We may also perform a bimanual exam. During this exam, we’ll place two lubricated fingers into your vagina. With the other hand, we’ll check your abdomen. This enables us to feel your uterus and ovaries. It’s a way we can check for growths or cysts.

While this may be uncomfortable, it shouldn’t hurt. If you’re worried about it, please talk to us.

We want to answer all your questions. It’s important to us that your first gynecological appointment is a positive experience.

Will I Have a Pap Smear?

Typically, we don’t perform Pap smears unless you’re 21 or older. But if you’ve had some problems—such as heavy periods, pain or itching– we will need to check things out to determine the cause.

What Happens During a Pap Smear?

During a Pap smear, we gently insert something called a speculum into your vagina. This allows us to hold your vaginal walls apart so we can get a good look at your cervix.

Your cervix is between your uterus and vagina.

Then, we use a small brush and tiny spatula to get cells from your cervix. We examine these cells under a microscope.

Does a Pap Smear Hurt?

We admit, it’s not the most comfortable test, but it shouldn’t hurt. If you feel any pain or discomfort, let us know.

How Do I Prepare for My First Gyno Appointment?

It’s really easy to prepare for your first gynecologist appointment. Be sure to schedule your exam in the middle of your cycle. We want to be sure you’re not having your period during the exam.

If you have irregular periods, that’s something you should mention during your appointment.

For two days before your exam, you should NOT:

• Use powders or creams
• Use tampons or put anything into your vagina

It also helps to think about what questions you’d like to ask us.

Do I Need to Shave “Down There?”

Whether or not you shave is totally up to you. It’s your choice and it won’t affect your exam at all. It really doesn’t matter to us how you trim your pubic hair or even if you shave it at all.

Associates in Women’s Healthcare: Always Here for You

We don’t just want to see you at your first exam. We want to see you every year. This is how we take care of you.

We place your needs first. We call this being a partner in your care.

If you ever have any questions, feel free to talk to our doctors. We also want you to have honest conversations with your parents about your health.

Your parents can contact us for an appointment.

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What Is a Pelvic Exam?

What to expect when undergoing this checkup

A pelvic exam is a gynecological examination of the internal and external organs in your pelvis. This includes the vagina, vulva, uterus, cervix, rectum, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.

Your healthcare provider inserts a tool called a speculum into your vagina so they can see the organs inside your pelvis. They also examine the external area around your vagina and use gloved fingers to feel your uterus and ovaries. Any abnormal findings may prompt the need for further evaluation and testing.

This article discusses pelvic exams, why they're done, and what to expect when you have one. It also looks at some of the things that might be found during a pelvic exam.

When Are Pelvic Exams Needed?

A pelvic exam often takes place as part of your preventive care during a routine checkup. Your healthcare provider does this exam to look for changes and screen for early signs of cancer, cysts, fibroids, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Pelvic exams are also used to help diagnose a medical condition when you're having symptoms such as:

• Unusual and/or persistent vaginal discharge
• Bleeding between periods
• Bleeding after sexual intercourse
• Pelvic pain  or  menstrual cramps  severe enough to disrupt your daily routine for even a few days a month
• Heavy periods, in which you have to change your sanitary napkins, tampons, or other menstrual products more often than once every two to three hours or double them up to keep from leaking
• Pain, swelling, or itching of your vagina or lower abdomen

Any of these symptoms can indicate a  vaginal infection  or an STI, which could affect your future fertility. They may also indicate other conditions like endometriosis , pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) , or a number of  other reproductive disorders .

Parts of a Pelvic Exam

The pelvic exam generally consists of three parts:

• External visual exam
• Internal visual exam
• A physical exam called the bimanual exam

If it's time for your Pap smear —a screening for cervical cancer—you'll have that as well. Most women only need to have a Pap test starting at age 21 years and then again every three to five years.

If you have symptoms of an STI or you're at high risk for contracting one, your healthcare provider may also take a sample for an STI test.

During a Routine Checkup

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends seeing a gynecologist starting between the ages of 13 and 15 for a regular health exam.  A pelvic exam isn't usually done until becoming sexually active or turning 21, whichever comes first.

There is currently no consensus among experts on how often a pelvic exam should be performed as preventive care.

The ACOG recommends that women at average risk for cervical cancer have a pelvic exam as follows:

• Age 21 or older: Every three years to screen for cancer and infection
• Under 21 : Only if having symptoms of a medical problem, such as abnormal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, or pain in the pelvic area

Other professional societies have different recommendations.

Your healthcare provider likely has their own opinion regarding how often you'll need a pelvic exam based on your medical history and general health, so they'll tell you how often to schedule one.

During Pregnancy

A pelvic exam is typically performed at the first prenatal care visit. If you have a history of certain gynecological conditions, more frequent pelvic exams may be necessary.

To Diagnose a Condition

Pelvic exams are used to diagnose or look for signs of conditions, such as:

• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Gynecologic cancers
• Pre-cancerous changes in the cervix
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Ovarian cysts
• Uterine fibroids

How to Prepare for a Pelvic Exam

There are no food, drink, or medication restrictions for this evaluation.

Vaginal douching  is never a good idea because of the risk of infection it presents. It's particularly important not to douche for at least two or three days before your pelvic exam. You should also refrain from sexual intercourse for at least 24 hours prior to your examination.

Who Performs Pelvic Exams?

A pelvic exam is performed by a healthcare provider, physician assistant, or nurse practitioner. You can see your regular primary care practitioner or family medical professional for this or you can go to an obstetrician-gynecologist (OB-GYN) . The test is done in your healthcare provider's office or a health clinic.

The best time to schedule your annual pelvic exam and to obtain the most  accurate results  from your gynecological examination and Pap smear, if applicable, is one or two weeks after your period.

A pelvic exam itself only takes a few minutes, but planning about an hour for the whole appointment is generally a safe bet. This includes time spent waiting, filling out forms, completing your medical history, and so on.

What to Bring

You may want to keep a period diary that you can go over with your healthcare provider during your appointment. You can use a calendar or app to keep track of the dates of your periods, the amount of flow, any pain experienced, discharge, or other symptoms that occur during the month.

Bring along any questions you have about the exam or your gynecological health as well.

Have your insurance card handy, as well as your co-pay, if needed.

If you have concerns

Your healthcare provider knows how personal this exam is, so feel free to talk openly and honestly about any feelings of nervousness or anxiety so they can help you feel as comfortable as possible.

This might prompt them to take things a little slower; make sure they explain everything they're doing before they do it; and check to make sure you're doing alright as the exam proceeds.

If you really feel like you can't bear enduring a pelvic exam, you absolutely have the right to decline. However, avoiding this exam for too long can cause any problems to go undetected.

Cost and Health Insurance

Since a pelvic exam is often performed as a part of a routine physical or checkup, the cost may vary depending on factors such as whether or not you have a Pap smear or STI testing and what else is included in the cost, such as a separate physical exam. The exam alone can range from $100 to $300 or more.

If you have health insurance through the Affordable Care Act's Marketplace or other insurance that covers preventive care, an annual pelvic exam will be completely covered as part of your annual well-woman visit. This means you won't need to pay any out-of-pocket costs.

If you need a pelvic exam for diagnostic purposes because you're having symptoms, this should also be covered by your health insurance. Contact your insurance agent or company for more information, including details about any co-pay or deductible you may need to pay.

If you don't have health insurance, are under-insured, or considered low-income, check with your local or county community health clinic. Many of these offer free or low-cost pelvic exams, STI testing, and Pap smears that you pay for based on your income.

You can also find local providers who do free or lost-cost exams via the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program .

What to Expect During a Pelvic Exam

After checking in and filling out any necessary forms, which may include an authorization to bill your insurance or an updated health history, it's a good idea to empty your bladder so you can be more comfortable during your exam.

If you're feeling nervous or tense during your pelvic exam try to:

• Breathe slowly and deeply
• Relax your stomach muscles and shoulders
• Relax the muscles on the inside of your legs

You can also ask your healthcare provider to describe what they're doing during the exam.

Once called into the exam room, you will usually start by having your blood pressure, weight, pulse, and potentially your urine checked. Be prepared to give the nurse the date of the first day of your last period. Also, tell the nurse about any concerns that you want to discuss with the healthcare provider such as: 

• Irregular periods
• Painful periods
• Menstrual problems
• Vaginal infections
• Painful sexual intercourse

After your initial discussion with the nurse, you'll be directed to take all your clothes off, with the exception of your socks. You will be given a gown and drape to cover yourself until your examination begins.

Your healthcare provider will knock to make sure you're ready and then enter the room. They will ask about your medical history and discuss any problems you're having. It’s important for you to be as accurate and complete as you can in answering the questions and describing any symptoms you may have.

Your healthcare provider may have a nurse present during your pelvic exam as a means of protection for both of you, but if you're not comfortable with someone else being there, feel free to request that it just be the two of you.

Conversely, if your healthcare provider doesn't have a nurse in the room and you would feel more comfortable with someone else there, you can have your partner or friend in the room or request that a nurse comes in during this part of your checkup.

Your healthcare provider may listen to your heart and lungs, check your breasts for changes or lumps , and feel your abdominal area for any irregularities.

Breast Exam

A reliable examination of your breasts takes approximately 30 seconds per breast.

During your  breast examination , your healthcare provider should discuss monthly  breast self-exams with you and also provide instructions on how to perform them if you're unfamiliar.

People at average risk for breast cancer have the choice to start screening with early mammograms as early as age 40 and all women should begin having yearly mammograms by age 45.

Pelvic Exam Procedure

The pelvic exam itself only takes a few minutes. During each part of the exam, your healthcare provider will probably tell you what they're going to do, especially if this is your first pelvic exam.

Getting into Position

First, you'll need to lie back, scoot down to the end of the table, put your feet in the stirrups or on the corners of the table, and spread your knees apart.

This feels uncomfortable, especially the first time or two, but keep in mind that your healthcare provider does pelvic exams regularly. Try taking deep breaths to help relax your muscles if you're feeling tense.

External Examination

At this point, your healthcare provider may look at the outside of your vaginal area to check for any abnormalities, swelling, sores, or irritation.

Internal Visual Examination

Next, a speculum, a metal instrument that looks like a duck's beak, is inserted into your vagina with a lubricant to make it more comfortable. The speculum widens your  vaginal walls  so your healthcare provider can view them, as well as your  cervix .

The speculum can be uncomfortable and you may feel some pressure as it's opened, but you shouldn't feel pain. If you do, be sure to tell your healthcare provider. There may be a smaller one they can use instead.

Sample Collection

If you're having a Pap smear, a sample of cervical tissue is taken with a small wand or spatula once your cervix is in view. This may cause some brief discomfort, but again, it shouldn't be painful and it only lasts for a second or two as your healthcare provider collects the tissue.

If you're also being tested for STIs like chlamydia or gonorrhea, or other infections such as a yeast infection , pelvic inflammatory disease, or bacterial vaginosis , your healthcare provider will use a cotton swab to take a sample of your cervical discharge for the STI test or your vaginal secretions to test for other infections. The speculum is gently slid out once this part of the exam is complete.

Bimanual Examination

To perform this, your healthcare provider wears gloves and inserts two lubricated fingers into your vagina, places their other hand on top of your lower abdomen, then compresses the tissue between their two hands, feeling for any abnormalities that might have occurred since your last pelvic exam.

The bimanual exam allows your healthcare provider to check the size, shape, and mobility of your  uterus to feel for any changes in your ovaries, such as  ovarian cysts , and to feel for any tenderness or other abnormalities in your uterus or the surrounding tissues like endometriosis,  fibroid tumors , or other  common uterine conditions .

The bimanual exam can be a bit uncomfortable, but should not result in overt pain. Fortunately, this part of the examination usually lasts for less than 30 seconds. Because it can give your healthcare provider important information, it's worth a bit of temporary discomfort.

Rectal Examination

After checking your vaginal area, your healthcare provider may also do a rectal exam by inserting one lubricated finger into your rectum to check for any pain or abnormalities there like hemorrhoids or tumors.

This is an optional part of a pelvic exam, but if your practitioner does do this, try to relax as much as you can.

After the Exam

Once your pelvic exam is completed, you will be given privacy to get dressed. You may be offered some tissues to wipe off any excess lubricant and a maxi pad or panty liner in case the speculum causes any spotting.

When you're ready, your healthcare provider will come back to the room to discuss the results of your pelvic exam with you.

After your visit is through, you can go home and resume your normal activities. You may have light spotting and possibly some cramping, but you shouldn't have pain. These symptoms should not last long. If you have heavy bleeding or severe cramping or pain, contact your healthcare provider.

How long does a pelvic exam take?

A pelvic exam will take a few minutes. Some parts of the exam may be a little uncomfortable, but it shouldn't be painful. If it hurts, say something. Your healthcare provider may be able to make things more comfortable.  

When to Expect Results

Your healthcare provider can usually tell you right away if they found any problems or abnormalities during your pelvic exam or if it was normal.

In cases where your practitioner took a vaginal fluid sample during your exam to look for a yeast infection or bacterial vaginosis, this sample will be looked at under a microscope for signs of fungus, bacteria, or viruses. Your medical professional may even look at the slides themselves after your pelvic exam.

The presence of these microorganisms is immediately obvious, so you will likely know before you go home if you have one of these infections and leave with a prescription to treat it.

If you had a Pap test, the results for this may take a few days and up to three weeks to get back. Your healthcare provider's office will likely mail the results to you or call you, but if you don't hear anything after three weeks, be sure to call.

Results from a cervical swab to check for gonorrhea and chlamydia will take a few days to come back.

Other Considerations

If you have any questions or concerns about the results of your pelvic exam, discuss these with your healthcare provider. This is also a good time to discuss contraception, fertility, sexual health, and any other areas or issues you're concerned about.

If your pelvic exam was normal, you'll need to schedule another one in a year or the time frame your healthcare provider recommends.

If your pelvic exam showed any abnormalities, your practitioner will talk to you about what these findings may mean, as well as about additional testing, follow-up, and/or treatment options. Some of the things that can be found or suspected during a pelvic exam include:

• Endometriosis: If you come in with symptoms of endometriosis, your healthcare provider may have felt cysts or scars on or around your reproductive organs during your pelvic exam, another piece of evidence that you could have this condition. However, you will likely need more testing to confirm this diagnosis like ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) , and, in some cases, laparoscopy . Treatment for endometriosis typically involves medication and/or surgery.
• Infection: If your pelvic exam and/or vaginal fluid sample revealed that you have a yeast infection or bacterial vaginosis, treatment will depend on what's behind the infection. Bacterial vaginosis is typically treated with antibiotics, while yeast infections are treated with prescription or over-the-counter antifungal medications. If you have recurrent yeast infections, your healthcare provider may also send your vaginal fluid sample to a lab to be cultured to find out exactly what kind of fungus is causing your infection in order to treat it more specifically and effectively.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease: In the case of suspected pelvic inflammatory disease, your healthcare provider will order additional cultures on your vaginal and cervical fluid and may recommend an ultrasound, blood and urine tests, and laparoscopy to confirm the diagnosis, find what's causing the infection, and to see how widespread it may be. It will likely take a few days for culture results to come back. Treatment for PID involves antibiotics for both you and your partner.
• Ovarian cysts: Your healthcare provider may have felt an ovarian cyst during your pelvic exam. If so, they'll potentially order more tests to see what kind it is and if you need treatment. These tests may include a pregnancy test, laparoscopy, and blood tests. Treatment for ovarian cysts depends on factors like your age, medical history, symptoms, and the size and kind of cyst you have, but can include monitoring your condition, medication, or surgery.
• Uterine fibroids: These are often detected during a pelvic exam. These noncancerous growths in your uterus rarely develop into cancer and can range in size from microscopic to large enough to cause your uterus to bulge out. These fibroids don't cause symptoms for most women. If your healthcare provider needs confirmation that you have fibroids, they may order additional tests such as ultrasound, blood tests, and possibly another imaging test like MRI. Treatment for this condition ranges from watching it closely to taking medications or doing a variety of procedures that can make the fibroids smaller or remove them completely.
• Cancer: A pelvic exam can be the first step in diagnosing cancers that occur in the ovaries, uterus, rectum, vulva, cervix, fallopian tubes, and bladder. Sometimes the tumors or abnormal cells can be seen or felt during your exam. In cases where cancer is detected or suspected, your healthcare provider will likely want to do additional testing. Depending on the type of cancer, tests may include ultrasound, a biopsy of your tissue, hysteroscopy , imaging tests, blood tests, and urinalysis.
• Sexually transmitted infections: Positive results on your gonorrhea and chlamydia tests will show which infection you have (though you can have both at the same time). You'll need to be treated with an antibiotic to clear up the infection.

A pelvic exam is a gynecological exam that can help identify problems with the organs inside and outside of your pelvis. During this exam, your healthcare provider uses a speculum and gloved fingers to examine these organs visually and manually.

Some of the conditions that can be discovered or suspected after a pelvic exam include endometriosis, ovarian cysts, and uterine fibroids. Further tests can confirm these findings.

Planned Parenthood. What is a pelvic exam?

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Your first gynecologic visit .

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists . Cervical cancer screening (update) .

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Pelvic Exams .

Office on Women's Health. Douching .

HealthCare.gov. Preventive care benefits for women .

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National breast and cervical cancer early detection program .

American Cancer Society. Breast cancer screening guideline .

Office on Women's Health. Endometriosis .

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) treatment and care .

 Office on Women’s Health. Ovarian cysts .

Office on Women’s Health.  Uterine fibroids .

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Pelvic exams .

By Tracee Cornforth Tracee Cornforth is a freelance writer who covers menstruation, menstrual disorders, and other women's health issues. 

Living Your Senior Life

Gynecology for Seniors: What You Need to Know

This post is for informational purposes only and should not be used in place of the advice of a medical professional.  

As women age, their bodies go through significant changes that can affect gynecological health. To maintain good health during the senior years, it’s essential that senior women continue receiving gynecological care tailored to their specific needs. Gynecology for seniors encompasses a range of important health issues, from pelvic exams to the management of menopausal symptoms. Awareness and proactive management of these changes can lead to better overall health and quality of life.

Remember, maintaining a good health regime including lifestyle changes, staying informed about sexual health, and understanding the treatment options available to you are essential. Your healthcare provider can assist with health screenings and advice on managing chronic conditions that often affect senior women. Regular check-ups with a gynecologist or family medicine doctors familiar with your health conditions and gynecologic needs remain important, regardless of sexual activity or being past childbearing years.

Key Takeaways

• Gynecological health remains crucial for women as they age, with a focus on screening, symptom management, and maintaining quality of life.
• Preventive measures, screenings, and discussions on menopausal symptoms with a healthcare provider should be part of routine medical care for senior women.
• Treatment options for age-related gynecological issues should be tailored to each individual, considering their overall health and personal circumstances.

Video: Gynecology for Seniors

Understanding the Aging Process in Women

As women enter their senior years, their bodies experience significant changes, particularly in reproductive health and hormone balance, which can affect overall well-being.

Menopause and Hormonal Changes

Menopause marks the end of your menstrual periods and is a natural part of aging. This transition typically occurs between 45 and 55 years of age but can vary. Your body will produce less estrogen, leading to symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. These changes can start during the perimenopausal years, the time leading up to menopause. For those experiencing severe symptoms, treatments like hormone replacement therapy may offer relief. It’s also a time to discuss with your healthcare provider the potential benefits and risks of estrogen replacement therapy specific to your health conditions and family history.

Impact of Aging on Reproductive Health

The aging process significantly affects reproductive health in older women. Lower estrogen levels contribute to changes in the vaginal lining, which can lead to vaginal dryness and discomfort during sexual activity. It’s important to maintain regular gynecological exams, such as annual Pap smears and HPV tests, as the risk for conditions like cervical and uterine cancer increases with age. 

Breast exams and mammograms are crucial for early detection of breast cancer. Also, pelvic exams can help identify issues such as pelvic organ prolapse or urinary incontinence, common concerns for many senior women. Lastly, although less discussed, sexual health remains important, and you should feel comfortable addressing it with your healthcare provider.

Preventative Care

Your preventive healthcare should include discussions with your healthcare provider about screenings for cervical and breast cancer, managing common symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, and understanding the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy. It’s also critical for older women to stay informed about their sexual health and treatment options for common conditions such as urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Remember, your gynecological health remains a vital part of your well-being throughout your later years.

When considering gynecological care for senior women, pelvic exams and breast exams remain crucial, especially considering risks of cervical cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer. If you’re a woman in your senior years, you should be aware of the importance of these exams, as they play a role in early detection.

• Cervical Cancer Screening : After 65, many women may not require an annual pap smear if they’ve had normal screenings for the previous decade. However, your primary care physician may recommend continued testing if you have a family history or if you’ve had previous abnormal tests.
• Breast Health : Between mammograms and manual breast exams, screening should continue as breast cancer remains a risk. Discuss with your healthcare provider the frequency of these tests based on your medical history.
• Menopausal Symptoms : Issues like vaginal dryness, hot flashes, and night sweats can be common. Hormone replacement therapy may be an option for some, while others may benefit from non-hormonal treatment options.
• Vaginal and Urinary Tract Health : Vaginal discharge, urinary tract infections, and urinary incontinence can affect older women. Maintain regular visits to address these issues and learn about effective management strategies.
• Bone Health : Discuss  bone density scans with your doctor, as your risk for osteoporosis increases with age.
• Monitoring chronic diseases  like diabetes and high blood pressure becomes imperative. They can have an impact on your gynecological health and may lead to increased risk of heart disease or exacerbate menopausal symptoms. Regular blood tests and other assessments during your gynecology visits can help manage these chronic conditions effectively.

Common Gynecological Issues in Seniors

As women age, their bodies undergo various changes that can give rise to specific gynecological issues. Awareness and timely medical care can significantly improve the quality of life for senior women.

Urinary Tract Infections and Incontinence

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are more prevalent in older women due to changes in the urinary system. A UTI can cause symptoms like a strong urge to urinate, pain during urination, and cloudy urine.  Urinary incontinence , the involuntary leakage of urine, can also be a concern, often stemming from weakened pelvic floor muscles, and can significantly affect daily activities.

Strategies to manage these conditions  include:

• Regular health screenings : A urine test can detect UTIs early, while bladder function tests can assess the cause of incontinence.
• Lifestyle changes : such as pelvic floor exercises, can strengthen muscles and improve bladder control.

Pelvic Pain and Prolapse

Pelvic pain in older women could signify a range of conditions. Pelvic organ prolapse, where the pelvic organs drop due to weakened muscles, can lead to a feeling of pressure or fullness in the pelvic area. This condition is closely associated with incontinence and bladder leakage.

Management may involve :

• Pelvic exams : Essential for evaluating pain and signs of prolapse.
• Treatment options : Ranging from lifestyle adjustments to surgical interventions for more severe cases of  genital prolapse .

Vaginal Atrophy and Painful Sex

Vaginal atrophy occurs due to decreased estrogen levels, leading to thinning of vaginal walls and decreased vaginal lubrication, which can result in painful sexual intercourse. This is a common aspect of gynecological health affecting geriatric women.

Approaches to alleviating symptoms:

• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) : To help restore hormone levels and relieve symptoms.
• Estrogen replacement therapy : Applied topically to reduce discomfort and improve vaginal dryness.

It’s crucial for senior women to have an open dialogue with their healthcare provider about any signs of vulvovaginal inflammation, vaginal discharge, or pain during sexual activity as these may be indicative of underlying health concerns that require medical care. Regular gynecology visits and discussing treatment options can significantly contribute to maintaining good health in your later years.

Sexuality and Intimacy

As senior women navigate through their golden years, understanding the facets of sexuality and intimacy is crucial for maintaining a fulfilling quality of life. During this time, gynecological health becomes a vital component of overall health, influencing both physical and emotional well-being.

Sexual Activity in Older Age

You may wonder about the continuation of sexual activity as you age. It’s important to know that being sexually active is common among older adults, and you can maintain a satisfying sexual life well into your senior years. Vulvar and vaginal health are key to sexual function; however, changes like vaginal dryness or pelvic pain may affect your sexual experiences. These can be addressed with treatments such as vaginal lubrication or  hormone replacement therapy . Regular gynecological care, including an annual exam and a pap test, ensures that you stay ahead of issues like vulvovaginal inflammation or more serious health conditions.

Addressing Sexual Dysfunction

If you face sexual dysfunction, it’s essential to consult with your healthcare provider. Senior women may experience a range of symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats during menopause, which can impact sexual function. Discussing these symptoms with a primary care physician or an OB-GYN is a confident step toward finding effective treatment options.

Conditions like urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse can also influence sexual health, and you might benefit from lifestyle changes, pelvic floor exercises, or medical intervention. Remember, maintaining good health through regular screenings and health screenings like blood pressure checks and blood tests is pivotal, as these can be independent risk factors for sexual dysfunction among older women.

Cancer Awareness and Management

Your health as a senior woman should include awareness and management strategies for cancers pertinent to your age group, such as cervical cancer, breast cancer, and uterine cancer. Regular screenings and understanding the symptoms are crucial for early detection and treatment.

Understanding Cervical and Breast Cancer

Cervical Cancer:  Regular pelvic exams and Pap tests are important as they can detect precancerous conditions of the cervix. If you are over the age of 65 and have had normal Pap test results for several years, or if you have had your cervix removed (during a hysterectomy) for reasons not related to cancer, you may not need screening, but consult your doctor and follow his/her recommendation. However, if you’re still sexually active or have a history of cervical cancer or precancerous conditions, your doctor may advise continuing regular screenings.

• Pap test: Should begin at age 21 and follow your healthcare provider’s guidelines for frequency.
• HPV test: Possible requirement, especially if you’ve had exposure to HPV, which is an independent risk factor for cervical cancer.

Breast Cancer:  Mammograms should be a key part of your health care routine. Breast exams, either performed by your physician or through self-examinations, are also important for noticing any changes in your breast tissue.

• Age : The risk increases as you get older.
• Family history : If breast cancer is recurrent in your family, discuss the appropriate screening schedule with your healthcare provider.
• Hormone therapy : Especially estrogen replacement therapy, which can be associated with breast cancer development.

Uterine Cancer – Risks and Symptoms

Uterine cancer often presents symptoms such as vaginal bleeding after menopause or abnormal discharge. It’s essential to report these symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly for further investigation.

• Age: It’s more common in women over 50 years of age.
• Endometrial hyperplasia: A condition characterized by thickening of the uterus lining, which can increase the risk of developing uterine cancer.
• Obesity: Being overweight can produce more estrogen, which can heighten the risk.
• Postmenopausal bleeding
• Unusual vaginal discharge
• Pelvic pain

Treatment Options and Hormone Therapies

As you navigate the senior years of women’s health, understanding the various treatment options, particularly hormone therapies, is crucial. These therapies are tailored to alleviate symptoms associated with menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, while also addressing long-term health concerns linked to decreased estrogen levels.

Hormone Replacement Therapy Pros and Cons

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) caters to replenishing hormones, primarily estrogen, that are in lower quantities as you approach and enter menopause. HRT is highly effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness, and may also help in preventing osteoporosis.

• Alleviates menopausal symptoms
• May reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fractures
• Can improve vaginal health and alleviate urinary tract symptoms
• Increased risk for certain conditions, such as blood clots and breast cancer
• Risk of endometrial cancer if estrogen is taken without progesterone
• Potential side effects, including nausea and bloating

It’s essential that you discuss your personal and family history with your primary care physician or ob-gyn to weigh these factors, especially if you have a history of heart disease, breast cancer, or are at risk for gynecological cancers.

Alternatives to Traditional Hormone Therapy

For those for whom traditional HRT isn’t suitable or for senior women looking for other options, alternatives can help manage menopausal symptoms and maintain overall health.

• Lifestyle Changes : Implementation of dietary changes, regular exercise, and stress-reducing practices such as yoga can have a meaningful impact on symptoms.
• Non-Hormonal Medications : Treatments like low-dose antidepressants can mitigate hot flashes, while medications aimed at strengthening bone density can be a preventive measure against fractures.
• Vaginal Estrogen : To specifically target vaginal dryness and related discomfort, local estrogen treatments are available in the form of creams or rings.

Choosing the right treatment in your later years should be a collaborative process with your healthcare provider aimed at ensuring a healthy lifestyle and minimizing discomfort during menopause.

Navigating Healthcare

When it comes to gynecological care as you age, navigating the healthcare system effectively is essential for maintaining good health. It’s important to make informed choices about your healthcare providers and to understand the resources available to support you in managing your women’s health needs.

Choosing the Right Gynecologist

For senior women, choosing the right gynecologist or ob-gyn is a foundational step in healthcare. Your gynecologist should not only have expertise in senior health concerns such as menopausal symptoms, postmenopausal bleeding, and pelvic organ prolapse but also be someone with whom you are comfortable discussing sensitive information. Consider factors such as the doctor’s experience with senior women, their approach to  t reatment opti ons , and how they involve you in decisions about your health.

• Look for a doctor who is board-certified and a member of credible organizations like the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).
• If you have a primary care physician, ask for referrals to reputable gynecologists who specialize in elderly women’s health.
• Before scheduling an appointment, confirm the gynecologist’s experience with health screenings relevant to your age group, like mammograms for breast cancer, pap tests, and HPV tests.

Patient Advocacy and Support Networks

Patient advocacy plays a critical role in ensuring that individual healthcare needs are met, especially for geriatric women managing chronic conditions or navigating complex health systems. Reliable support networks can also guide you through the process of finding appropriate healthcare providers, understanding your health conditions, and making lifestyle adjustments to manage symptoms like hot flashes or vaginal dryness.

• Utilize patient advocacy groups specifically focused on senior women’s health for resources and guidance.
• Online communities and local support groups can offer personal insights and recommendations for managing gynecological health in your later years.
• Maintain open communication with your healthcare provider about any healthcare concerns, including urinary tract infections, bladder control issues, and changes in your menstrual periods or vaginal discharge.

As you navigate through your golden years, staying informed about gynecological health is crucial. This section answers common queries regarding gynecological care for senior women.

Is there a recommended age for women to cease gynecological examinations?

There is no set age for women to stop gynecological examinations, as individual health needs can vary. Women should discuss with their primary care physician or ob-gyn to make a personal decision based on their overall health, medical history, and family history. It’s important to continue these health visits, as they play a crucial role in the early detection and treatment of gynecological problems.

How often should senior women schedule gynecological exams?

Senior women should continue to have gynecological exams on a regular basis, at least annually unless advised otherwise by their healthcare provider. These exams are important for monitoring changes in the pelvic organs, screening for cervical cancer with a pap test, and evaluating any symptoms like pelvic pain or urinary incontinence.

How can seniors find a gynecologist specializing in geriatric care?

Ask for referrals from primary care physicians, check with local healthcare networks, and ensure the selected gynecologist has experience in geriatric gynecology.

Additional Reading

About Arthritis and Rheumatism

Chronic Pain Management for Older Adults

How To Increase Sodium Levels In Elderly Naturally

In your senior years, maintaining good health becomes paramount, and gynecological care is no exception. Regular health screenings, including a pelvic exam and a breast exam, are vital for early detection of conditions like cervical cancer and breast cancer. Although menstrual periods have ceased, you should remain vigilant about any postmenopausal bleeding, as it could indicate serious health issues such as uterine cancer or ovarian cancer.

A gynecological exam should continue to take place on a regular basis. Senior women often experience menopausal symptoms like hot flashes and vaginal dryness. Your healthcare provider can discuss treatment options, which might include hormone replacement therapy. Additionally, issues like urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse need to be monitored, as they can affect your quality of life in the later years.

Your primary care physician or ob-gyn can help you manage gynecologic needs, tailoring care to any family history of chronic diseases or individual health conditions. Remember, an annual visit is not only about reproductive health; it’s a comprehensive review of your overall health—from blood pressure checks to bladder function assessments.

In summary, don’t overlook the importance of annual exams and foster a proactive relationship with your medical care team to navigate your golden years with confidence.

Have you found going for gynecological exams helpful in managing your healthcare? Please comment below.

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I am 71years old and it has been a while since I have seen a gynocologist. I am having some female health issues and would like to see a female gynocologist in the Flowood area, if possible. Can you help me or put me in touch with someone who can? Thank you in advance for your help?

Hello Judy,

Thank you for visiting LivingYourSeniorLife and taking the time to reach out.I understand the importance of finding the right healthcare provider, especially when it comes to sensitive matters like female health issues.

While I’m not personally able to refer you to specific healthcare providers, I can certainly offer some guidance on how to find a female gynecologist in the Flowood area. One option is to reach out to your primary care physician for recommendations. They often have networks of specialists they can refer you to.

Additionally, you can utilize online resources such as healthcare provider directories or websites like Healthgrades or Zocdoc. These platforms allow you to search for gynecologists in your area and filter by gender preferences.

Another avenue is to contact local hospitals or women’s health clinics in the Flowood area. They may be able to provide you with a list of female gynecologists who are accepting new patients.

I hope these suggestions are helpful to you in your search for a healthcare provider. If you have any further questions or need assistance, please don’t hesitate to reach out.

Wishing you the best of health,

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Things to Do in Elektrostal, Russia - Elektrostal Attractions

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1. Electrostal History and Art Museum

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• Electrostal History and Art Museum

You can spend time exploring the galleries in Electrostal History and Art Museum in Elektrostal. Take in the museums while you're in the area.

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• Places of interest
• Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center
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• Fairy Tale Children's Model Puppet Theater
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• Church of Vladimir
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ELECTROSTAL HISTORY AND ART MUSEUM: All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (with Photos)

• (0.19 mi) Elektrostal Hotel
• (1.21 mi) Yakor Hotel
• (1.27 mi) Mini Hotel Banifatsiy
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• (1.36 mi) Hotel Djaz
• (0.07 mi) Prima Bolshogo
• (0.13 mi) Makecoffee
• (0.25 mi) Amsterdam Moments
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