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Travel & tourism, unit - 1: introduction to tourism-i (ix notes).

  Unit - 1: Introduction to Tourism-I

1.1 Introduction

Ø    Family vacations, school excursions, picnics, and visits to holy sites are all examples of tourism-related activities.

Ø   Various industries like airlines, railways, and accommodations contribute to the tourism industry.

Ø   The tourism industry is the largest employment generator and rapidly growing.

 This unit aims to introduce the vast and thriving industry of tourism.

1.2 Defining Tourism

Ø   Tourism involves a significant movement of people across cultural boundaries, both within and across international borders, leading to economic benefits.

Ø   Defining tourism is important for analyzing and maintaining records of its benefits and identifying the participants involved.

Ø   The word "tourism" itself has origins in research and is derived from Latin and Greek words meaning "one's turn."

Ø   There is no clear consensus on the definition of tourism, but the 1939 definition by Hunziker and Krapf is widely accepted and popular.

Ø   Mathieson and Wall provide a working definition of tourism as the temporary movement of people outside their normal places of work and residence, involving activities and facilities catering to their needs.

Ø   The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defines tourism as the activities of individuals travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year, not related to earning income from the place visited.

Ø   UNWTO emphasizes that tourism requires displacement outside the usual environment, a purpose other than remuneration, and a maximal duration (with or without an overnight stay).

Ø   All tourism involves travel, but not all travel qualifies as tourism.

1. What do you understand by Tourism?

1.3 Tourist Typology

The relationship between travellers and tourists is illustrated in Figure 1.1. Every tourist is a traveller, and the distinction between them depends on the length of stay and the purpose of the journey.

(i) Tourists are temporary visitors who stay in a country for at least 24 hours but not more than one year. Their purpose of travel can be categorized as leisure (recreation, holiday, health, study, religion, and sport) or business, family, mission, or meeting-related.

(ii) Same-day Visitors or Excursionists are temporary visitors who stay less than 24 hours in the country they visit. This includes travellers on cruises or those attending specific events like conferences.

By understanding these distinctions, researchers can effectively study the impact of tourism and its various implications on a destination's social and economic aspects.

1.     What is the difference between a tourist and an excursionist?

On the other hand, an excursionist, also referred to as a same-day visitor, is a temporary visitor who stays less than twenty-four hours in the country visited. This includes individuals who may be on a cruise or visiting for specific purposes like attending a conference or meeting.

In conclusion, the primary difference between an excursionist and a tourist is the duration of their visit. While excursionists are same-day visitors who spend less than twenty-four hours at the site, tourists remain for at least twenty-four hours.

1.4 Purpose of Tourism

In modern times, the purpose of travel can be classified into the following headings:

1. Leisure: This includes activities undertaken during free time for relaxation, fun, and enjoyment. It encompasses recreation, holidays, health-related trips, educational trips, religious pilgrimages, and sports tourism.

2. Business: Travel undertaken for business purposes, such as attending conferences, meetings, trade shows, and other professional engagements.

3. Family: Trips taken to visit family members or for family-related events like reunions, weddings, or celebrations.

Each of these purposes plays a significant role in tourism:

ü   Recreation: Annual vacations or weekend getaways provide opportunities for relaxation and engaging in fun activities. People often choose destinations based on the availability of recreational activities and attractions.

ü   Holiday: Special destinations or sites with unique activities or attractions attract tourists for holiday purposes. These could include visiting historical monuments, participating in water sports, or experiencing unique cultural events.

ü   Health: Traveling to a different climate or location for the purpose of recuperation or medical treatment is becoming increasingly common. People seek destinations that offer specific health benefits or medical facilities.

ü   Education: Traveling to pursue higher education or participate in educational programs is considered educational tourism. Students often travel to different cities or countries for studying purposes.

ü   Religion: Tourism for religious purposes, such as pilgrimage, has a long history. People visit sacred sites and participate in religious events or rituals as an important aspect of their faith.

ü   Sports: International sporting events attract sports enthusiasts and participants from around the world. Tourists travel to attend these events as spectators or to participate in sports competitions themselves.

The purpose of tourism extends beyond leisure activities. There are various reasons why individuals participate in tourism activities out of necessity. These include:

1. Business: Businesses often need to travel to buy or sell products, attend trade fairs, establish business connections, or explore new markets.

2. Meeting: Professionals may travel to other cities or countries for meetings, conferences, seminars, or workshops, which provide networking and collaboration opportunities.

3. Family: Important family events like births, weddings, or funerals may require individuals to travel to be with their family members. This is commonly known as Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) tourism.

1.5 Components of Tourism.

The components of tourism, also known as the 4 A's of tourism, are essential for the functioning of the tourism industry. They are as follows:

1. Attraction: Refers to the features of a destination that attract tourists, such as natural landscapes, historical monuments, theme parks, and events. The attractions of a destination contribute to its popularity among tourists.

2. Accessibility: Describes the ease of reaching a destination through transportation infrastructure, including roads, railways, and airports. If a destination lacks proper accessibility, it may remain unpopular among tourists.

3. Accommodation: Involves providing lodging and boarding facilities for tourists. Accommodation is crucial for boosting tourism, as tourists require a place to stay overnight. It contributes significantly to the local economy.

4. Amenities: Include basic facilities and services provided to tourists, such as medical aid, currency exchange, safety and security measures, and communication facilities. Amenities make the tourist's experience more convenient and comfortable.

Additionally, another important component of the tourism industry is "Activity." This refers to the various activities available for tourists at a destination, such as sightseeing, sports, shopping, and engaging in cultural or recreational activities. The type and number of activities offered can influence the duration of a tourist's stay at a destination.

These components collectively form the tourism industry and are vital for attracting and serving tourists. Further details about these components will be explored in higher-level classes or advanced discussions on tourism.

1.     Differentiate between inbound and outbound tourists.

Inbound Tourist and Outbound Tourist are terms used in the context of tourism to distinguish the direction of travel and the residence of tourists. The main difference between these two types of tourists is as follows:

1. Inbound Tourist:

·        An inbound tourist refers to a visitor who arrives in a particular country from another country for the purpose of tourism.

·        These tourists are commonly known as international tourists, foreign tourists, or overseas tourists.

·        They are considered visitors to the destination country, and their travel involves crossing international borders.

·        For example, if someone from France travels to India for sightseeing, they would be considered an inbound tourist to India.

2. Outbound Tourist:

·        An outbound tourist, on the other hand, refers to a resident of a particular country who departs from their home country to visit another country for tourism.

·        These tourists are often referred to as domestic tourists when they travel within their own country or international tourists when they leave their country for tourism purposes.

·        Outbound tourists are residents of the home country and travel to a foreign destination.

·        For instance, if a person from India goes on a vacation to France, they would be classified as an outbound tourist from India.

In summary, the key difference between inbound and outbound tourists lies in the direction of travel and the residency of the tourists. Inbound tourists travel into a destination country from another country, while outbound tourists depart from their home country to visit a foreign destination.

1.6   Forms of Tourism

Tourism is one activity where the peaceful movement of a large number of people can be seen. This large-scale movement of people involves movement within national boundaries as well as across international borders. In the International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008 (IRTS 2008)drafted by UNWTO, three basic forms of tourism were revised from earlier and updated as:

1. Domestic Tourism: comprises the activities of a resident visitor within the country of reference.

2. Inbound Tourism: comprises the activities of a non-resident visitor within the country of reference.

3. Outbound Tourism: comprises the activities of a resident visitor outside the

country of reference.

The above clearly mentions that when as Indians we visit cities and states within India

for a vacation or trip; we are taking part in Domestic Tourism activities. For example, a resident of Cuttak who visits Goa is participating in domestic tourism of India, popularly known as domestic tourist.

As an Indian, if one travels abroad to another country then he/ she is a part of outbound tourism activity. For example, a resident of Mumbai who visits New York is participating in outbound tourism of India, popularly known as outbound tourism.

While a tourist from another country visiting India is participating in the inbound tourism activity of India. For example, a resident of Melbourne who visits Bangalore is participating in inbound tourism of India, popularly known as inbound tourism.

Similarly, we must see here that an „Inbound Tourist of India‟ is also an outbound tourist of his / her country of origin while an „Outbound Tourist of India‟ is also an inbound tourist to his/ her destination country.

1. What do you understand by VFR?

VFR stands for Visiting Friends and Relatives. It is a term commonly used in the tourism industry to refer to a specific purpose of travel. VFR tourism refers to individuals or groups of people who travel to a destination primarily to visit their friends or relatives who reside there.

VFR tourism is driven by personal connections and social relationships. People may travel to attend family gatherings, celebrate special occasions, or simply spend time with their loved ones. It is a significant segment of the tourism industry, as visiting friends and relatives often involve overnight stays, dining out, and engaging in various activities in the destination.

VFR tourism can have a substantial impact on the local economy, as visitors contribute to tourism-related businesses and services. It also plays a role in promoting cultural exchange and strengthening interpersonal relationships between individuals and communities across different locations.

Overall, VFR tourism represents a distinct purpose of travel centred around visiting friends and relatives, fostering personal connections, and experiencing the social aspects of travel.

2.     What are the A‟s of Tourism?

The A's of tourism, also known as the 4 A's of tourism, refer to the key components or elements that are essential for the functioning and success of the tourism industry. These components contribute to attracting tourists, providing them with a positive experience, and ensuring the sustainable development of tourism destinations. The 4 A's of tourism are as follows:

1. Attraction: Attraction refers to the features, sites, or activities that draw tourists to a destination. It can include natural attractions such as national parks, beaches, and mountains, as well as cultural attractions like historical sites, museums, festivals, and events. Attractions play a vital role in enticing tourists and shaping their destination choices.

2. Accessibility: Accessibility refers to the ease of reaching and exploring a destination. It involves the availability of transportation infrastructure, including airports, seaports, roads, railways, and public transportation systems. Good accessibility ensures that tourists can conveniently travel to and move around a destination, making it more appealing and feasible for visitors.

3. Accommodation: Accommodation encompasses the provision of lodging facilities for tourists during their stay. It includes hotels, resorts, guesthouses, vacation rentals, and other types of accommodations. Adequate and diverse accommodation options are crucial for attracting tourists and providing them with comfortable and suitable places to stay while they explore the destination.

4. Amenities: Amenities refer to the supporting services and facilities that enhance the overall tourist experience. These can include medical facilities, shopping centres, restaurants, entertainment venues, recreational activities, tourist information centres, safety and security measures, and communication infrastructure. Amenities contribute to the convenience, satisfaction, and enjoyment of tourists during their visit.

These four components, namely attraction, accessibility, accommodation, and amenities, collectively form the foundation of the tourism industry. They are interconnected and depend on each other to create a favourable environment for tourism development, visitor satisfaction, and the economic growth of destinations.

1.7   Summary

You have learned about the tourist sector in this unit. The meanings of tourism, tourism, and excursion have been taught to you. It has been explained how a traveller and a tourist differ from one another as well as from other kinds of travellers. The elements of tourism—the so-called "A's of tourism"—such as accommodations, amenities, accessibility, and attraction, have all been covered. Additionally, you now know more about the many types of tourism, including inbound, outbound, and domestic travel. This course provides an overview of the broad subject of tourism and establishes the groundwork for additional research on this topic.

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Notes-class 9-geography-chapter-12-tourism-maharashtra board, maharashtra board-class 9-geography-chapter-12.

Tourism : Visiting various places away from our homes for getting joy, entertainment, trading, staying, etc. is called tourism.

• Other than above (i) availing of health facilities, (ii) getting a glimpse of agricultural life, (iii) performing religious activities, are also the objective of tourism.
• We undertake short or long journeys or various purposes like festivals, family functions, fairs, sports, wanderings, recreation, etc. We need to carry out some preparations before going on a tour.

Major attractions for tourists :

The places of tourism become famous due to some special reasons.

Natural beauty, pleasant weather, exquisite scenery, hot springs, sea coasts, historical monuments, religious places, forest areas, etc. are major attractions for tourists.

Types of Tourism :

On the basis of political boundaries, tourism can be classified into domestic tourism and foreign tourism.

• Domestic tourism : Tourism within the boundaries of one’s own country is called domestic tourism. Example, a person from Maharashtra going to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu for tourism, a person from Nagpur visiting Ellora Caves in Aurangabad, etc.
• International/Foreign tourism : Tourism that involves crossing boundaries of one’s own country is called foreign tourism. Example, an Indian going to Switzerland for tourism, an American coming to India for tourism, etc.

Types of tourism on the basis of the aim of tourism and specialities of destination :

On the basis of the aim of tourism and specialities of destination, tourism can be classified into religious tourism, coastal (sea) tourism, health tourism, sports tourism, ecotourism, agro tourism, film tourism, etc.

(1) Eco-friendly tourism (Ecotourism) :

• The concept of eco-friendly tourism came into light when it was realised that due to increasing population, pollution and urbanization, environment is degrading.
• The nature of ecotourism is eco-friendly.
• In ecotourism, the tourists the place are visited by taking precautions of not damaging or degrading the environment.
• Ecotourism includes avoiding sound pollution and air pollution, not hurting trees, birds, animals, etc. in the forests, etc. -

(2) Agro tourism :

• Recently the concept of agro tourism has arisen.
• In this type of tourism, a pollution free location away from the city holding agricultural activity is visited.
• In this type of tourism, tourists are shown a glimpse of agricultural life.
• Tourists from urban areas live on the farms for a change. They accept the hospitality of farmers by making payments for the services like stay, food, etc.
• Number of agro tourism centres have been developed in Pune and Kolhapur districts of Maharashtra.

(3) Film tourism :

• In film tourism, the locations where films are shot are shown to the tourists.
• A number of amenities and facilities are provided at such places to attract tourists.
• Mumbai film city, Ramoji film city are the famous film tourist places in India.

(4) Coastal (sea) tourism :

• Coastal (sea) tourism is a new type of tourism.
• Tarkarli in Konkan is famous for snorkelling and scuba diving. It is also famous for its seabed and the biodiversity.
• MTDC has started a ‘scuba diving training centre’ of international standards at Tarkarli of Malwan taluka in Sindhudurg district.

(5) Religious tourism :

• In religious tourism tourists travel for pilgrimage, missionary, etc.
• Various religious places, temples, churches, etc. are visited for performing religious activities and gaining spiritual peace.

(6) Cultural tourism :

• In cultural tourism tourists travel for gathering new information and experiencing culture of a particular region.
• Art, architecture, religion, customs, traditions, lifestyle, etc. of a particular region are experienced and studied in cultural tourism.

(7) Health Tourism :

• Some tourists visit India to avail the health facilities.
• Visiting the places of tourist interest and achieving mental peace and physical strength through Indian Ayurveda and yoga is the objective behind it.
• The medical and surgical treatment in Indian hospitals are cost effective.
• Therefore, many patients from various developing countries come in India for treatment.

Importance of tourism :

• Tourism is an important tertiary occupation.
• Through tourism, the world gets introduced to a region’s natural, social and cultural environment.
• Tourism helps in increasing inflow of foreign currency. It boosts the development of tourist places. It generates employment opportunities.
• Tourism should be promoted through advertisements in various media which will help in its growth.

Importance of tourism development in India :

• India is diverse in terms of culture and nature.
• Tourism has lot of potential here.
• The factors like the richness of natural beauty, attractive landscapes, high mountains like the Himalaya, exquisite coastal areas, diversity in culture, festivals, traditions, costumes, variety of dishes, hospitality, etc. are helpful in increasing opportunities of tourism in India.

Tourism and economic development :

• Tourism helps the Indian economy in a great way.
• Tourism boosts the development of various services.
• It improves infrastructure and generates employment opportunities.
• Therefore, tourism is said to be invisible trade.

Tourism and environmental development :

• Tourism is good for environmental development.
• Economic investment is made by the government for the development of tourism industry.
• In ecotourism, factors like housing, resorts, traffic routes, etc. are also designed in an eco-friendly manner and the concept of recycle and reuse is also applied.

Tourism and health :

• Some tourists visit India to avail of health facilities. Visiting the places of tourist interest and achieving mental peace and physical strength through Indian Ayurveda and yoga is the objective behind it.

Tourism and social development :

• Some specific social programmes can be accomplished through tourism. If facets like rural lifestyle, tribal life and culture are included in tourism, tourism gets a social dimension and the neglected components of the society can be included in development.
• There is a great potential for the development of such a type of tourism in India.
• In future, tourism will be an important factor in the Indian economy.

Opportunities due to development of tourism :

• Tourists often need various types of services at tourists places.
• As its effect, tourism generates employment opportunities in restaurants, shops, transportation, entertainment, health industry, trading, banking, etc.
• In this way, people get employment due to tourism.

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Previous Year Question Paper with Answer of “Introduction to Tourism – Code 406” for Class 9 NSQF Vocational, CBSE Session 2021-2022.

CBSE | Vocational Education

Introduction to Tourism – Code 406

Session 2021-2022

Sample Question Paper for Term – 2

Max. Time Allowed: 1 Hour (60 min) Max. Marks: 25

General Instructions:

• Please read the instructions carefully
• This Question Paper is divided into 03 sections, viz., Section A, Section B and Section C.
• Section A is of 05 marks and has 06 questions on Employability Skills.
• a) Questions numbers 1 to 4 are one mark questions. Attempt any three questions.
• b) Questions numbers 5 and 6 are two marks questions. Attempt any one question.
• Section B is of 12 marks and has 12 questions on Subject Specific Skills.
• a) Questions numbers 7 to 12 are one mark questions. Attempt any four questions.
• b) Questions numbers 13 to 18 are two marks questions. Attempt any four questions.
• Section C is of 08 marks and has 03 competency-based questions.
• a) Questions numbers 19 to 21 are four marks questions. Attempt any two questions.
• Do as per the instructions given in the respective sections.
• Marks allotted are mentioned against each section/question.

(3 + 2 = 5 marks)

Answer any 3 questions out of the given 4 questions. 1 x 3 = 3

Q.1 Explain the concept of Hybrid business. 1

Q.2 Define Service Business. 1

Q.3 When and in which report the term ‘Green Economy’ was coined? 1

Q.4 Who is a green consumer? 1

Answer any 1 question out of the given 2 questions. 2 x 1 = 2

Q.5 List any four characteristics of Entrepreneurship. 2

Q.6 Write any four components of Green economy. 2

(4 + 8 = 12 marks)

Answer any 04 questions out of the given 06 questions 1 x 4 = 4

Q.7 Name any two luxury trains of India. 1

Q.8 Expand LCC. 1

Q.9 Who was the first Tourism Intermediary who introduced a combined tourist services by combining railway travel and food and provided a tour experience to their guests? 1

Q.10 Write any 02 components of tourism product. 1

Q.11 Define historic site. 1

Q.12 What is Flora and Fauna? 1

Answer any 04 questions out of the given 06 questions 2 x 4 = 8

Q.13 What do you understand by Travel intermediaries? 2

Q.14 When and how Modern Tourism Business Period started? 2

Q.15 What is the role of intermediaries in tourism? 2

Q.16 Write any four steps that can be taken for protection of tourism product. 2

Q.17 Define Symbiotic tourism products with examples. 2

Q.18 List differences between natural and manmade tourism products. 2

(2 x 4 = 8 marks)

(COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS)

Answer any 02 questions out of the given 03 questions

Q.19 Air, water and land are the most commonly used modes of transportation. A study says most of the people are comfortable with Railways as compared to airways and waterways. Railways have played a prominent role in the growth of tourism in the country. Describe the importance of Railways in Tourism. 4

Q.20 Rohan is fond of travelling. He travelled to several countries, places and also visited many monuments. After experiencing many tourism products, he gained a lot of experience about the Tourism products and was able to identify some common characteristics of tourism products.  List out the characteristics of Tourism product. 4

Q.21 India is incredible because of its tourism resources as well as efficient tourism products. An area may have tourism resources like favorable climate, beautiful scenery, monuments, and hospitable people. Tourism resources of a place can become useful when certain facilities or activities are added to that resource. So that the tourism resource becomes a tourism product.

If we have to convert a tourism resource like – monument in your city into a tourism product, then enlist the facilities or activities you should include to convert that resource into a tourism product. 4

Ans.1 Hybrid business is a mix of product and service business. 1

Ans.2 A business where a seller a helps the buyer to finish some work, which cannot be seen or stored for example plumbing, teaching, hair dressing, etc., are is called as service-based businesses. 1

Ans.3 The term ‘Green Economy’ was first coined in a 1989 report for the Government of the United Kingdom by a group of leading environmental economists, entitled Blueprint for a Green Economy. 1

Ans.4 A green consumer is someone who is very concerned about the environment and, therefore, only purchases products that are environment-friendly or eco-friendly. 1

Ans.5 Characteristics of entrepreneurship. (any four can be considered)

• Ability to take up risks
• Believe in hard work and discipline
• Adaptable and flexible to achieve the goals of enhancing quality and customer satisfaction
• Knowledge of the product and services and their need or demand in the market
• Financial literacy and money management skills
• Effective planning and execution

Ans.6 Components of a Green Economy:

A green economy includes the following components

• Renewable energy
• Green building
• Well-managed (Sustainable) transport
• Water management
• Waste management
• Land management

Answer any 04 questions out of the given 06 questions. 1 x 4 = 4

Ans.7 The Maharaja Express, Palace on Wheels, Golden Chariot 1

Ans.8 Low Cost Carrier 1

Ans.9 Mr. Thomas Cook was the first tourism intermediary. 1

Ans.10 The components of tourism product includes: Attractions, Services & facilities Activities. (any two can be written) 1

Ans.11 A historic site is an official location where pieces of political, military or social history have been preserved. A historic site can also be defined as any building, landscape, site or structure that is of local, regional, or national significance. 1

Ans.12 Flora and fauna refer to plant and animal wildlife, respectively. The term is often used to refer to the indigenous plant and animal wildlife of a geographical region. 1

Ans.13 The term intermediaries refer to the mediator who acts as a link between the producer and the customer. Intermediaries, also at times referred to as distributors, typically add some value to the transaction which was not possible through direct trading. 2

Ans.14 The Modern Tourism Business period is considered to have started from Second World War onwards. The growth in the tourism industry was directly linked with the development of the jet aircraft in the 1950’s and the creation of the commercial airline industry. As travel time got reduced with improved, less expensive mode of transportation; people started to travel for leisure. 2

Ans.15 In tourism, the distribution channel and intermediaries play a very important role. Their main job is to ensure that the services provided to the customer i.e. tourist meets and satisfies the customer expectation. At the same time the intermediary ensures that the seller such as hotels or guides understands the buyer needs. 2

Ans.16 Following can be adopted to protect tourism products:

• One should not scribble, deface or encroach any monuments
• One should not litter and make use of dustbins
• There should be correct information available about the product
• Say no to polythene bags
• Do not smoke
• Do not make noise
• Respect the local customs and traditions. 2

Ans.17 Symbiotic tourism product refers to the tourism products that are a blend of natural and manmade resources.

Nature has provided the natural resources and manmade infrastructure and facilities have turned them into a perfectly blended tourism product.

Examples: Wildlife Sanctuaries, Marine Parks, guided snorkeling trips to coral reef and so on. 2

Ans.18 Difference Between Natural and Manmade tourism Products:

• Natural Tourism Products: Natural Tourism Product refers to the tourism sites and destinations that are closely associated with the Natural Environment and act as a tourism product in itself. Natural Tourism Products include beaches, islands, mountains, hills, desert, wildlife (flora and fauna), caves, glaciers, lakes, waterfalls, rivers. Examples: Palm fringed beaches of Goa, snow-capped mountain in Kashmir, the flora and fauna of Kaziranga National Park in Assam, Dudhsagar fall in Goa, Thar Desert in Jaisalmer, etc.
• Man Made Tourism Products: The manmade tourism products are those which are built by humans. There can be manmade tourism products which are purposely built for tourists, such as museums, casinos, theme parks and so on. There are manmade attractions which are not originally designed to attract tourists, like forts, palaces, temples etc. The manmade attractions also include customs and traditions of a destination. Folk dance, classical dance, music, handicrafts, fairs and festivals etc. are other manmade attractions. 2

Answer any 02 questions out of the given 03 questions.

Ans.19 Indian Railways, the fourth largest railway network in the world and second largest in terms of passenger aboard, have played a prominent role in the growth of tourism in the country. The large network of Indian railways means that people, irrespective of their economical means can travel in relative comfort. The extensive railways network, spanning over 63,000kms route and 6,909 stations, allows a person to travel to the remote corners of the country in relative ease and at the same time a person from the remote corner of the country can visit tourist places across the country. Indian Railways have many enticing Rail Tour packages on offer.

Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC), a subsidiary of the Indian Railways is actively involved in the development of budget and deluxe tour packages for both domestic and International tourists. Tour packages include conventional packages like Pilgrimage Tour as well as Adventure Tour and customized tour packages. Special Trains like Budhhist Circuit Trains are also being operated by IRCTC. 4

Ans.20 Characteristics of Tourism Product:

• Tourism products are available only at the destination. They cannot be moved outside the destination.
• Tourism products cannot be brought back with the tourist to his/her home. Only memories of the tourism products in the form of photographs, videos can be with the tourist.
• Tourism products cannot be stored.
• Tourism products cannot be owned by the tourist.
• Tourism products have to be purchased and then consumed by the buyer at the destination.
• Tourism products are made available by people and therefore, they are highly dependent on people who are providing it.
• Tourism products are highly dependent upon the experience of the tourist, and therefore, it becomes difficult to measure the level of product quality. Revie

Ans.21 To convert a monument in to a tourism product the following facilities and activities can be included:

Services and facilities

• Parking area for Tourist Vehicles,
• Ticket Counters,
• Safety & Security arrangements,
• Cafeteria, Washrooms,
• Sign boards,
• Printed material/brochure,
• Walking path,
• Lighting facility,
• Facilities for people with disability,
• Cleanliness and Conservation
• Tourist Guides,
• Souvenir shops,
• Light and Sound Programme,
• Greenery / Gardens (special tours of the garden),
• Points to click photographs

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Communication Skills Class 9 Notes

 unit 1: communication skills class 9, session 1: introduction to communication.

Session 2: Verbal Communication

Session 3: non-verbal communication.

Session 4: Writing Skills: Parts of Speech

Session 5: writing skills: sentences.

• Rahul plays cricket.
• Cricket is played by Rahul.

Session 6: Pronunciation Basics

Session 7: greetings and introductions, session 8: talking about self, session 9: asking questions i, session 10: asking questions ii, post a comment.

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Entrepreneurial Skills Class 9 Notes

Teachers and Examiners collaborated to create the Entrepreneurial Skills Class 9 Notes . All the important Information are taken from the NCERT Textbook Employability Skills as per the board pattern. The CBSE Employability Skills Class 9 Notes is a useful resource for students studying in class 9. The page offers notes and other study materials that can help students prepare for exams, including the CBSE and other competitive exams. It is a good idea for students to regularly visit the page and stay up to date with the latest information and resources.

An entrepreneur is a person who decides to start their own company based on a concept they have or a product they have developed, taking on the majority of the risks and enjoying the majority of the advantages.

Business – Meaning and Types

A business is described as an ongoing activity in which people engage in economic activity with the intention of making a profit through the production, sourcing, purchase, and sale of goods and services.

Businesses share the following characteristics regardless of their type, size, scale, or ownership:

Trade-related – Trade-based enterprises are those that primarily involve the buying and selling of goods or services.

Economic or social motive – Typically, the main goal of most firms is to make a profit. This is why they engage in economic activities including production, distribution, trade, and expansion.

Presence of an entrepreneur – Every business has a founder who is more than just an entrepreneur. This person is in charge of taking the initiative to launch, manage, and expand the firm, as well as to make important decisions and accept the associated risks.

Regular Transactions – A company needs to conduct transactions and deal with customers frequently. Even if a profit is made, an activity that only involves one transaction in which products and services are exchanged or transferred cannot necessarily be regarded as a business.

Uncertainty – Every firm is characterized by uncertainty regarding sales, profits, and success. There is no assurance that the money invested will yield a return or that the company will make a certain quantity of money.

Types of Businesses

There are basically four types of Businesses – 

Manufacturing Business – Manufacturing businesses source product s that can be used as raw materials, with the intention of converting these materials to make an end product.

Service Business – A company that provides services to its clients is known as a service business. Transportation, cleaning, travel, hospitality, maintenance, and consultation are a few examples of service business.

Merchandising Business – One of the most common business types is a merchandising company. A company that buys finished goods and resells them to customers is known as a merchandiser. Think about supermarket or clothes retailer.

Trading Business – Reselling products is another activity done by a trade company. The distinction between a trading business and a merchandising business is that a trader is not required to maintain an inventory. For example Real estate brokers, middlemen, importers, exporters, foreign exchange traders, etc. are a few examples of trading firms.

Hybrid Business – Combining various organisational patterns to create goods and/or services is what is meant by a hybrid business model. Businesses have realised that hiring virtual assistants is the most effective approach to streamline operations, cut expenses, and expand their operations.

Features of Types of Businesses

Types of businesses in our community, based on size –.

Micro Enterprise – A micro enterprise is a business enterprise where the investment in plant and machinery or equipment is not more than INR 1 crore and turnover does not exceed INR 5 crores. 

Small Enterprise – A small enterprise is a business enterprise where the investment in plant and machinery or equipment is not more than INR 10 crore and turnover does not exceed INR 50 crores. 

Medium enterprise – A medium enterprise is a business enterprise where the investment in plant and machinery or equipment is not more than INR 50 crore and turnover does not exceed INR 250 crores. 

Based on legal form –

Sole proprietorship – In a sole proprietorship, the ownership and control of the business is with one single person, and the liability of the owner is not separate from the entity. 

One Person Company – A One Person company also has only one person as a member, who acts in the capacity of both, a shareholder and a director, but an OPC is legally separate from its owners. There is no threat on the owner’s personal property in case of unmet liabilities. 

Partnership – Partnership is a legal form, where at least two people, or more start a business as co-founders or co-owners and divide the share as per agreement. The partners are personally liable for an unlimited amount of liabilities.

Limited Liability Partnership – In a Limited Liability Partnership, there are two or more partners. In this, no one single partner or owner is individually responsible for any other partner’s or member’s negligence or misconduct or liability. 

Company – A company is defined as a legal entity formed to get engaged in business, by a group of individuals. Usually, these individuals have limited liability, and the capital in units of equal value of a company are called ‘shares’. Company can be public or private.

Based on sector –

Primary sector –  Businesses that extract, retrieve, harvest, and produce raw materials using earth-based natural resources are included in this category. Coal, wood, wheat, iron, corn, and other raw commodities are some examples. Mining, agriculture, fishing, horticulture, and other core sectors are examples.

Secondary sector – The conversion of raw materials into finished items is the primary activity of enterprises in this industry. It organises all manufacturing variables using primary sector items to create both utility and luxurious goods.

Tertiary sector – This sector is defined by provision of services to businesses and customers. It is completely based on a service and there is no production of goods involved.

Objectives of Entrepreneurship Development

Some of the core objectives of entrepreneurship development include: 

• Assisting entrepreneurs in undergoing the process of entrepreneurship. 
• Handholding budding entrepreneurs to recognize and design unique business opportunities. 
• Helping aspiring entrepreneurs start and grow dynamic businesses that provide high value add. 
• Developing the motivational needs of entrepreneurs. 
• Training entrepreneurs to develop the required skills and gain knowledge for running and managing a new business. 
• Providing support to entrepreneurs for effective business planning 
• Accelerating and incubating new ideas. 
• Aiding in the availability of technology or raw material. 
• Creating adequate infrastructure for entrepreneurial activities. 
• Providing financial assistance from banks and other financial institutions. 
• Enabling a suitable entrepreneurship ecosystem and business environment. 
• Implementing norms, policies and rules for establishment of new ventures and enterprises. 
• Providing tax benefits, incentives, subsidies etc. for creation of new enterprises. 
• Encouraging research and development across industries

Phases of Entrepreneurship Development

Stimulatory phase.

Stimulatory phase involves stimulating or generating need, interest, motivation and awareness among individuals to become entrepreneurs. It is done by orienting them towards the meaning, process, benefits and practice of entrepreneurship.

Support phase

The support phase involves helping new businesses with their varied activities through mentoring, incubating, funding, and counselling the entrepreneurs. Some of these actions include choosing a business strategy, creating a prototype or product, registering a company legally, consulting on management issues, providing money, providing a building and power, choosing the right equipment and plant, obtaining licences and permissions, etc.

Sustenance phase

The goal of the maintenance phase is to aid businesses in making expansion plans. Strategies for growth, expansion, diversification, modernization, etc. are all given guidance. Additionally, assistance is provided in the form of research and development, additional funding, market research, etc.

Challenges of Entrepreneurship Development

• Lack of continued motivation 
• Lack of formal education 
• Low technical knowledge 
• Absence of managerial skills 
• Inadequate infrastructure and resources 
• Lack of finance availability 
• Lack of awareness about entrepreneurship schemes 
• Strict regulatory framework 
• Low margin market linkages

Entrepreneurship – Characteristics, Role and Rewards

Characteristics of entrepreneurship.

innovation can be understood as creative use of one’s ideas to propose a solution that introduces something unique or new to the world. There are many types of innovation such as product, process, disruptive etc.

 Dynamic Economic Activity

Entrepreneurship involves creation of value or wealth through a business enterprise, that buys and sells commodities/product/services and uses resources optimally.

Risk bearing

When putting certain decisions and ideas into practise, entrepreneurs must take risks. Businesses can anticipate certain risks, such supply constraints, rising raw material costs, price volatility, shifts in governmental laws, etc.

Potential For Profit

“Profit potential is the likely level of return or compensation to the entrepreneur for taking on the risk of developing an idea into an actual business venture.” For a commercial entrepreneur, profit is usually the main goal.

Entrepreneur Vs. Entrepreneurship Vs. Enterprise – Characteristics

Role of Entrepreneurship

Capital Formation – Entrepreneurship leads to value addition and creation of wealth, because entrepreneurs promote capital formation by mobilising the idle savings of public. 

Employment Generation – Increased entrepreneurial activity has the potential to lead to more prospects for large-scale employment. Numerous employment opportunities for skilled, unskilled, and jobless people are produced as more firms, offices, factories, trade entities, etc. are established, especially in emerging nations.

Balanced Regional Development – Entrepreneurship helps to remove regional disparities through setting up of industries in less developed and backward areas. Micro businesses and cottage industries also play a role in increasing entrepreneurial activity in many specific cultural regions.

Value Creation – Value creation happens when a client base recognizes a product or service as having more value and a firm makes money by selling the good or service to satisfy the customer’s requirements and wants.

Wealth Distribution – Due to entrepreneurship and transaction-based activities, wealth and income are distributed among people and regions. Salary payments are made to employees, suppliers are compensated for their supplies, commodities are sold in a variety of markets, large-scale services are rendered, etc.

Industrialization and Development – If a business is established in an area and is perceived as a lucrative prospect, it is possible that other people will be inspired to establish businesses of a similar nature.

Rewards of Entrepreneurship

Economic development – The most effective use of resources, the development of new concepts, wealth creation, constant money flow, skill development, etc. are some characteristics of economic development. These aspects are all made possible by entrepreneurship and are crucial for a country’s economic growth.

Enterprise and Business Creation – Entrepreneurship has a direct impact on the growth of businesses. By merging and coordinating various resources, including human, financial, physical, and intellectual capital, as well as entrepreneurial aptitudes like risk-taking, creativity, leadership, and resource management.

Capacity Building – As an entrepreneur spends in educating staff members and enhancing their managerial skills, skill development and training is a big benefit of becoming an entrepreneur. Similar to this, an entrepreneur also improves his or her own skills by resolving issues, making choices, accepting setbacks, trying out other strategies, etc.

Improved Standard of Living – Customers have various options when choosing from a variety of goods and services to fulfil the same need thanks to entrepreneurship. Higher standards of life are a result of the diversity and accessibility of better goods and services provided by businesses.

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