How and When Did Tourism Start?

Most of us love to travel and when we think about travelling, what we probably have in mind are the best two or three weeks of the year. Tourism has become a major industry and it creates around 100 million jobs worldwide.

History of tourism - Photo by Stanislav Kondratiev from Pexels

Achim Riemann

In 1854, the first travel agency opened. In 1869, one of the first group tours was launched. It included attendance at the opening of the Suez Canal in Egypt.

But how did it all start?

A long time ago, people initially moved around for practical reasons, such as looking for food or water, or fleeing natural disasters or enemies. But as early as ancient Egypt and in the other “high” cultures found throughout the continents at the time, people started to travel for religious reasons. They set out on pilgrimages, for example to Mecca, or on journeys to take a ritual bath in the Ganges River. That was the beginning of tourism.

What about modern tourism?

Modern tourism can be traced back to the so-called “Grand Tour”, which was an educational journey across Europe. One of the first who embarked on this journey was the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Wladyslaw IV Vasa, also known as Wladislaus Sigismundus, Prince of Poland and Sweden. And yes, the grand tour was just for the super-rich. In 1624, Wladyslaw travelled to Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria and the Czech Republic. (1)

Poor or even normal people had neither the money nor the time to go on a holiday. However, that started to change at the end of the 19th century. Around 1880, employees in Europe and North America were granted their first work-free days besides Sundays and the mostly Christian holidays, such as Easter or Christmas. These extra work-free days were usually unpaid in the beginning. Since most people couldn’t spare the money for travel, this led to excursions into the surroundings rather than travelling.

History of tourism - Photo by Rachel Claire from Pexels

The founders of international “tourism” in Europe were the British

Thomas Cook is considered the founder of what is known as organized “package” holidays. In the last decades of the 19th century, the upper social classes in England were so wealthy due to the income from the British Empire that they were the first to be able to afford trips to far-flung areas. (1)

In 1854, the first travel agency opened. In 1869, one of the first group tours was launched. It included attendance at the opening of the Suez Canal in Egypt. From 1889, people took holiday cruises on steamships with musical performances. Seaside holidays became really popular around 1900 (and continue to be popular to this today). From the 1970s onwards, many in the industrialised countries could finally afford a holiday trip. The first criticism over this arose at the beginning of the 1970s: due to tourism, there were as many tourists in Spain in 1973 as there were inhabitants. (2)

In 2019, before the coronavirus pandemic, 1.5 billion tourist arrivals were recorded around the world, a 4% increase compared to 2018's figures. The most visited countries in 2019 were France with 89 million tourists, followed by Spain with 83 million tourists and the United States with 80 million tourists. China and Italy sit at fourth and fifth places, respectively, with 63 million tourists in China and 62 million tourists in Italy. (3)

And what are the most visited tourist attractions worldwide? According to a recent research from TripAdvisor, these are the top five: the Colosseum (Italy), the Louvre (France), the Vatican, the Statue of Liberty (USA), the Eiffel Tower (France) (4).

  • Wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismus , 12.03.2022
  • Wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massentourismus , 12.03.2022
  • TravelBook: https://www.travelbook.de/ziele/laender/die-meistbereisten-laender-der-welt
  • Travel Wanderlust: https://www.travelwanderlust.co/articles/most-visited-tourist-attractions-in-the-world/  12.03.2022

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A History of Modern Tourism

Book Cover: A History of Modern Tourism

Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world, yet leisure travel is more than just economically important. It plays a vital role in defining who we are by helping to place us in space and time. In so doing, it has aesthetic, medical, political, cultural, and social implications. However, it hasn’t always been so. Tourism as we know it is a surprisingly modern thing, both a product of modernity and a force helping to shape it. A History of Modern Tourism is the first book to track the origins and evolution of this pursuit from earliest times to the present. From a new understanding of aesthetics to scientific change, from the invention of steam power to the creation of aircraft, from an elite form of education to family car trips to see national ‘shrines,’ this book offers a sweeping and engaging overview of a fascinating story not yet widely known.

Tourism—A Short History

  • First Online: 13 September 2022

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tourism brief history

  • Christian J. Jäggi 2  

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Mobility and tourism are related but not identical. Tourism expresses a change of location that is not primarily for the purpose of earning income (migration, business travel), for self-protection (flight) or for the purpose of acquiring a qualification (study, training), but for recreation, for pleasure, for health or religious reasons. Up to 2019, tourism increased every year, in the Corona year 2020 there was a decline.

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The German word ,Fremdenverkehr' [comprises the] totality of relations and phenomena resulting from the change of place and the stay of persons for whom the place of stay is neither the principal and permanent place of residence nor the place of abode" (Kaspar 1996:16, cited in Schiele 2017:59). Today German speakingcountries talk also about "tourism".

For a detailed discussion of the question of overtourism, see Sect.  5.2 “Overtourism”.

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Jäggi, C.J. (2022). Tourism—A Short History. In: Tourism before, during and after Corona. Springer, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39182-9_2

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COMMENTS

  1. Tourism | Definition, History, Types, Importance, & Industry ...

    By the early 21st century, international tourism had become one of the world’s most important economic activities, and its impact was becoming increasingly apparent from the Arctic to Antarctica. The history of tourism is therefore of great interest and importance.

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    Modern tourism can be traced back to the so-called “Grand Tour”, which was an educational journey across Europe. One of the first who embarked on this journey was the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Wladyslaw IV Vasa, also known as Wladislaus Sigismundus, Prince of Poland and Sweden.

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    We can trace the origin of the modern concept of tourism back to the 17th century, when young nobles from western and northern European countries made what was called the Grand Tour - a trip around Europe (usually covering France, Germany, Italy and Greece) with the main purpose of soaking up history, art and cultural heritage. It was ...

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    Its era started in the late 1700s and early 1800s in the Western world and generated many forms of travel and tourism. Mass tourism expanded rapidly after World War II and included travel packages and large numbers of participants, becoming the dominant form of travel.

  6. A History of Modern Tourism

    Tourism as we know it is a surprisingly modern thing, both a product of modernity and a force helping to shape it. A History of Modern Tourism is the first book to track the origins and evolution of this pursuit from earliest times to the present.

  7. (PDF) The History and Evolution of Tourism - ResearchGate

    This book discusses significant travel, tourism and hospitality events while referring to tourism-related notions and theories that were developed throughout the history of tourism.

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  9. Tourism—A Short History - SpringerLink

    Tourism expresses a change of location that is not primarily for the purpose of earning income (migration, business travel), for self-protection (flight) or for the purpose of acquiring a qualification (study,...

  10. The History and Evolution of Tourism | CABI Books

    This book discusses significant travel, tourism and hospitality events while referring to tourism-related notions and theories that were developed throughout the history of tourism. Even so, its scope moves beyond a detailed historical account of facts and events that occurred in the past.