travel recreation and leisure

Leisure vs. Recreation

What's the difference.

Leisure and recreation are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct differences. Leisure refers to the free time or non-work hours that individuals have, which can be spent in various activities such as hobbies, reading, or simply relaxing. It is a subjective concept that varies from person to person. On the other hand, recreation refers to specific activities or experiences that individuals engage in during their leisure time. These activities are often structured and purposeful, aimed at providing enjoyment, entertainment, or physical and mental rejuvenation. While leisure is a broader term encompassing all free time, recreation is a subset of leisure that involves intentional and planned activities.

Further Detail

Introduction.

Leisure and recreation are two terms often used interchangeably, but they have distinct attributes that set them apart. While both involve activities pursued for enjoyment and relaxation, there are differences in their purpose, level of engagement, and the benefits they offer. In this article, we will explore the attributes of leisure and recreation, highlighting their unique characteristics and the impact they have on individuals and society.

Definition and Purpose

Leisure refers to the free time individuals have outside of work or other obligations. It is a period when people can engage in activities of their choice, without any external pressure or constraints. The purpose of leisure is primarily personal enjoyment, relaxation, and rejuvenation. It allows individuals to recharge their energy, reduce stress, and find fulfillment in activities they find pleasurable.

On the other hand, recreation involves specific activities that individuals participate in for amusement, entertainment, or physical and mental stimulation. Recreation often involves structured and organized pursuits, such as sports, hobbies, or games. The purpose of recreation is to engage in activities that provide a sense of challenge, achievement, and social interaction.

Level of Engagement

Leisure activities are generally more passive and require less physical or mental effort. Examples of leisure activities include reading a book, watching a movie, or simply lounging by the pool. These activities allow individuals to unwind and relax without exerting themselves too much. Leisure activities are often chosen based on personal preferences and interests, providing a sense of pleasure and escape from daily routines.

Recreation, on the other hand, involves more active engagement and participation. It often requires physical exertion, skill development, and mental focus. Engaging in recreational activities like playing a sport, hiking, or painting requires individuals to actively participate and invest their time and energy. Recreation activities offer opportunities for personal growth, skill enhancement, and the development of new interests and talents.

Benefits and Impact

Both leisure and recreation have numerous benefits for individuals and society as a whole. Leisure activities provide individuals with a much-needed break from the demands of work and daily responsibilities. They contribute to improved mental health, stress reduction, and overall well-being. Engaging in leisure activities also fosters creativity, self-expression, and personal growth.

Recreation activities, on the other hand, offer a range of physical, mental, and social benefits. Regular participation in recreational pursuits promotes physical fitness, enhances coordination and motor skills, and improves overall health. Recreation activities also provide opportunities for social interaction, teamwork, and the development of valuable life skills such as leadership, communication, and problem-solving.

From a societal perspective, both leisure and recreation play important roles. They contribute to the economy through the creation of jobs and the growth of industries such as tourism, entertainment, and sports. Leisure and recreation also promote community engagement and social cohesion by providing opportunities for individuals to come together, share experiences, and build relationships.

While leisure and recreation share the common goal of providing enjoyment and relaxation, they differ in their purpose, level of engagement, and the benefits they offer. Leisure activities focus on personal enjoyment and relaxation, allowing individuals to recharge and find fulfillment in activities of their choice. Recreation activities, on the other hand, involve more active engagement, skill development, and social interaction. Both leisure and recreation have significant benefits for individuals and society, contributing to improved well-being, physical fitness, and social cohesion. It is important to recognize and embrace the attributes of both leisure and recreation to lead a balanced and fulfilling life.

Comparisons may contain inaccurate information about people, places, or facts. Please report any issues.

What is leisure tourism, and what examples?

• March 2, 2023

Leisure tourism, a popular form of travel, refers to the act of taking a trip for the purpose of relaxation, recreation, or enjoyment. It involves participating in activities typically done during one’s free time, such as sightseeing, shopping, dining out, and engaging in cultural events. While leisure tourism can take many forms, it is often associated with vacations and getaways, allowing individuals to escape the stress of everyday life and explore new places.

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on travel, leisure tourism remains a popular choice for individuals looking to recharge and explore the world. From exploring famous landmarks in Paris to sunbathing on the beaches of Bali, there are countless examples of leisure tourism destinations and activities available worldwide. In this article, we will explore the concept of leisure tourism and provide several examples of popular destinations and activities you can add to your travel bucket list.

What is leisure travel?

Leisure travel refers to traveling for pleasure rather than business or work-related purposes. It is a type of travel that involves exploring new destinations, engaging in recreational activities, and relaxing and unwinding. Whether traveling alone or with friends and family, leisure travel provides a much-needed break from the daily routine and allows individuals to experience new cultures, environments, and experiences.

For the person traveling, leisure travel can provide a wide range of benefits, including learning about different cultures, making new friends, and creating lasting memories. It can also provide a sense of adventure, challenge, and excitement that can be hard to find in everyday life. Additionally, leisure travel can help reduce stress levels and improve mental health by providing a break from the daily routine.

As a tourist, leisure travel can also significantly impact the environment and local communities. Responsible tourism practices, such as supporting local businesses, using eco-friendly transportation, and being mindful of waste, can help minimize negative impacts and promote sustainable tourism.

Of course, finances are an essential consideration for leisure travel. Depending on the destination, activities, and accommodations chosen, leisure travel can be a costly endeavor. However, with careful planning, budgeting, and research, it is possible to enjoy leisure travel without breaking the bank. Many travel websites and apps offer discounts and deals on flights, hotels, and activities, making planning an affordable and enjoyable leisure travel experience easier than ever.

Types of leisure tourism

Adventure tourism.

One of the most popular types of adventure tourism is extreme sports. From bungee jumping to skydiving, there’s no shortage of heart-pumping activities to get your adrenaline flowing. These experiences are not for the faint of heart, but they offer a rush like no other and can be incredibly rewarding for those who take the plunge.

For those who prefer a slower pace, there are plenty of other adventure tourism options. Hiking, camping, and backpacking are all popular choices that allow you to explore the great outdoors and connect with nature. Whether traversing rugged mountain trails or pitching a tent in a remote wilderness area, these activities offer a chance to escape the hustle and bustle of everyday life and immerse yourself in the beauty of the natural world.

Of course, adventure tourism is only for some. Some people prefer to stick to more traditional types of leisure tourism, such as beach vacations or city breaks. However, you love a challenge and aren’t afraid to step outside your comfort zone. In that case, adventure tourism can be an incredibly rewarding and life-changing experience.

So, whether you’re looking to bungee jump off a bridge, hike through the wilderness, or explore a new city on foot, there’s an adventure tourism experience that’s perfect for you. So why not take the leap and try something new? You never know what amazing experiences and memories you might create!

Cultural tourism

One of the most exciting things about cultural tourism is that it can take you to places you never imagined. Whether exploring ancient ruins in Greece, visiting museums in Paris, or attending festivals in Japan, there are countless opportunities to learn and grow through cultural tourism.

Of course, cultural tourism doesn’t have to take you to far-flung destinations. There are plenty of opportunities to explore different cultures closer to home, whether visiting museums and art galleries, attending cultural events in your city, or trying new foods at ethnic restaurants.

For those who love to travel, cultural tourism offers a chance to see the world differently. Rather than just ticking off tourist attractions, cultural tourism allows you to connect with locals, learn about their way of life, and gain a deeper appreciation for the rich diversity of our planet.

So whether you’re a history buff, an art lover, or simply someone who wants to experience something new, cultural tourism has something for everyone. So why not step out of your usual environment and immerse yourself in the rich tapestry of cultures that make our world so fascinating? Who knows what incredible experiences and memories await you along the way!

Suppose you’re someone who cares deeply about the environment and wants to make a positive impact on the world. In that case, ecotourism might be the perfect choice for your next leisure tourism adventure. This tourism category is all about traveling responsibly and sustainably, focusing on preserving natural habitats and supporting local communities.

One of the main things to consider when it comes to ecotourism is your travel’s impact on the environment. This means choosing eco-friendly accommodations and activities, such as staying in lodges that use renewable energy, participating in wildlife conservation efforts, and using low-impact transportation methods like hiking or cycling.

Another important factor to consider is your travel’s impact on the local community. Ecotourism aims to support local economies and promote cultural exchange, so it’s important to choose tours and activities led by local guides and support local businesses.

Of course, ecotourism is not just about being responsible and sustainable – it’s also about having fun and experiencing the beauty of nature. Whether you’re exploring pristine forests, snorkeling in coral reefs, or observing wildlife in their natural habitats, there’s no shortage of amazing experiences to be had in ecotourism.

Suppose you’re passionate about the environment and want to positively impact the world while having fun and exploring new places. In that case, ecotourism might be the perfect fit for you. And as the tourism industry continues to grow and evolve, there are plenty of opportunities for jobs and careers in eco-tourism, making it a great choice for those who want to make a difference while pursuing their passions.

Beach tourism

Beach tourism is leisure tourism that revolves around visiting coastal destinations and enjoying the beach environment. This type of tourism is popular among people of all ages, from families with young children to solo travelers seeking relaxation and recreation.

Beach tourism destinations vary widely, from crowded beaches in popular tourist hotspots to secluded and pristine shorelines in remote locations. Some of the most popular beach tourism destinations include the Caribbean, Hawaii, the Maldives, and the Mediterranean.

Activities commonly associated with beach tourism include swimming, sunbathing, beach volleyball, surfing, and water sports such as jet skiing, parasailing, and snorkeling. Many beach tourism destinations also offer a range of amenities, such as beachfront restaurants, bars, cafes, and hotels and resorts catering to beachgoers.

Beach tourism can be a great way to escape the stresses of everyday life and enjoy some time in the sun and sand. It offers many experiences, from relaxing and soaking up the sun to more active pursuits such as water sports and beach games. For those who love the ocean and the beach environment, beach tourism is a must-try type of leisure tourism.

Health and wellness tourism

Health and wellness tourism is a type of leisure tourism that focuses on improving physical, mental, and emotional well-being through various activities and services. It involves traveling to destinations that offer specialized programs and services to help visitors achieve their health and wellness goals.

Some of the most common health and wellness tourism activities include spa treatments, yoga and meditation classes, fitness activities, healthy eating, and alternative medicine practices such as acupuncture and herbal remedies. Health and wellness tourism destinations can range from specialized wellness centers and retreats to traditional vacation spots that offer a variety of wellness-focused activities and services.

Health and wellness tourism has become increasingly popular in recent years as more people seek to prioritize their health and well-being. This type of tourism offers a range of benefits, including stress relief, improved physical health, and a renewed sense of energy and vitality.

In addition to the benefits for individual travelers, health and wellness tourism can also positively impact local communities. It can create job opportunities in the wellness industry and stimulate local economies through increased tourism.

Overall, health and wellness tourism is a great option for those seeking to prioritize their health and well-being while enjoying leisure travel’s benefits. With a wide range of activities and services available, there is something for everyone in the world of health and wellness tourism.

Can business travelers have leisure time on a business trip?

Yes, business travelers can have leisure time on a business trip, depending on their schedule and the purpose of their trip. Many business travelers often have free time during their trip, either before or after their work obligations are completed. During this time, they may choose to engage in leisure activities and explore the destination they are visiting.

Business travelers may also extend their trip for a few days or a weekend to have more time to explore the destination and engage in leisure activities. This is often called “bleisure” travel, a combination of business and leisure travel.

However, it is important to note that the amount of leisure time a business traveler can have may depend on the nature of their business trip and the expectations of their employer. Sometimes, the schedule may be tightly packed with meetings, and there may be little free time for leisure activities. Additionally, some employers may have policies restricting the amount of leisure time a business traveler can have or the type of activities they can engage in during their free time.

Ultimately, it is up to the individual business traveler to determine how much leisure time they can have on a business trip and to balance their work obligations with their desire to explore and engage in leisure activities.

What are the examples of leisure tourism?

There are many examples of leisure tourism, as it encompasses many activities and destinations. Some examples of leisure tourism include:

• Beach tourism – visiting coastal destinations for sun, sand, and water activities.
• Adventure tourism – engaging in activities such as hiking, skiing, and whitewater rafting in natural environments.
• Cultural tourism – visiting destinations to learn about the local culture, history, and customs.
• Health and wellness tourism – traveling to destinations that offer specialized programs and services to improve physical, mental, and emotional well-being.
• Ecotourism – visiting natural environments to observe and learn about the local flora and fauna while minimizing environmental impact.
• Rural tourism – visiting rural destinations to experience rural life and engage in farming, fishing, and hunting activities.
• Wine tourism is visiting destinations known for their wine production and touring vineyards and wineries.
• Sports tourism – traveling to participate in or observe events such as marathons, golf tournaments, and soccer matches.
• Food tourism – traveling to destinations to experience local cuisine and food traditions.
• Educational tourism is traveling to destinations to learn about specific subjects, such as art, history, or language.

These are just a few examples of leisure tourism, and many other types of tourism can fall under this category. Ultimately, leisure tourism is about enjoying the free time and engaging in activities that provide relaxation, entertainment, and personal enrichment.

In conclusion, leisure tourism encompasses various activities and destinations, from beaches to educational tourism. The purpose of leisure tourism is to provide individuals with opportunities for relaxation, entertainment, and personal enrichment. People engage in leisure tourism to escape from their usual environment, explore new destinations, and engage in activities that they enjoy or that interest them.

While there are many types of leisure tourism, all of them share a common goal of providing individuals with a break from their daily routines and an opportunity to have fun and create memorable experiences. As the tourism industry continues to grow and evolve, we can expect to see new types of leisure tourism emerge, and existing types become more popular.

Ultimately, leisure tourism plays an important role in the tourism industry and the lives of individuals who engage in it. It provides opportunities for personal growth, cultural exchange, and economic development. Whether it’s a relaxing beach vacation, an adventurous trek through the wilderness, or an educational trip to a historic site, leisure tourism has something to offer everyone.

David Stokes

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What Is Leisure Travel and Why Is It Important?

Leisure Travel: An

Have you ever wondered why people travel? Sure, there are the obvious reasons, like seeing new places and experiencing different cultures. But there’s something more to it than that. For many people, travel is a way to relax and escape from the stresses of everyday life. It’s a chance to recharge and come back home feeling refreshed and rejuvenated.

Leisure travel is any type of travel that is done for pleasure rather than for business or other obligations. It can include everything from a weekend getaway to a month-long backpacking trip. And it can be done anywhere in the world, from your own backyard to the most exotic destinations.

No matter where you go or what you do, leisure travel is a great way to broaden your horizons and learn about new cultures. It’s also a great way to meet new people and make new friends. And most importantly, it’s a great way to have fun and create memories that will last a lifetime.

In this article, we’ll take a closer look at leisure travel. We’ll discuss the different types of leisure travel, the benefits of travel, and how to plan your next trip. So whether you’re a seasoned traveler or you’re just starting out, read on for some helpful tips and advice.

What is Leisure Travel?

Leisure travel is travel undertaken for pleasure or relaxation. It is a type of tourism that is distinct from business travel, which is undertaken for work-related purposes. Leisure travel can take many forms, from a weekend trip to a beach to a multi-month backpacking expedition.

Leisure travel is a popular activity for many people, as it offers a chance to escape from the stresses of everyday life and to experience new things. It can also be a way to learn about different cultures and to meet new people.

Types of Leisure Travel

There are many different types of leisure travel, each with its own unique appeal. Some of the most popular types of leisure travel include:

• Domestic travel is travel within one’s own country. This can include visiting cities, towns, and attractions within the country, as well as taking road trips or camping trips.
• International travel is travel to a different country. This can include visiting major cities, exploring smaller towns and villages, or taking part in adventure activities.
• Adventure travel is travel that involves physical challenges or activities, such as hiking, biking, skiing, or rafting. Adventure travel can be a great way to see new places and to push yourself physically and mentally.
• Cultural travel is travel that focuses on learning about different cultures. This can include visiting museums, taking cooking classes, or attending cultural events. Cultural travel can be a great way to broaden your horizons and to learn about different ways of life.
• Ecotourism is travel that is designed to minimize the impact on the environment. This can include staying in eco-friendly accommodations, eating locally-sourced food, and using sustainable transportation. Ecotourism can be a great way to learn about the natural environment and to help protect it.
• Wellness travel is travel that focuses on improving one’s physical and mental health. This can include visiting spas, taking yoga classes, or getting massages. Wellness travel can be a great way to relax and to de-stress.
• Educational travel is travel that is designed to learn about a particular subject. This can include taking courses at a university or college, visiting historical sites, or meeting with experts. Educational travel can be a great way to learn about new things and to expand your horizons.
• Volunteer travel is travel that involves volunteering your time to help others. This can include working with animals, teaching English, or building houses. Volunteer travel can be a great way to give back to the community and to make a difference in the world.

Benefits of Leisure Travel

Leisure travel has many benefits for both the individual and the community. Some of the benefits of leisure travel include:

• Physical and mental health benefits: Leisure travel can help to improve physical and mental health. It can reduce stress, improve mood, and boost energy levels. Leisure travel can also help to improve sleep quality and to reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
• Cultural and educational benefits: Leisure travel can help to broaden one’s horizons and to learn about different cultures. It can also provide opportunities to learn about new languages, history, and customs.
• Social and relationship benefits: Leisure travel can help to strengthen social relationships and to build new friendships. It can also be a great way to reconnect with family and friends.
• Economic benefits: Leisure travel can help to boost the economy by creating jobs and stimulating tourism. It can also help to promote international understanding and cooperation.

Leisure travel is a popular activity that offers many benefits for both the individual and the community. It is a great way to escape from the stresses of everyday life, to learn about new things, to meet new people, and to make a difference in the world.

What Is Leisure Travel?

Leisure travel is travel undertaken for pleasure or relaxation. It is often contrasted with business travel, which is travel undertaken for work purposes. Leisure travel can take many forms, from a weekend getaway to a month-long vacation. It can be done by car, plane, train, or boat. And it can be taken to any destination in the world.

There are many reasons why people choose to travel for leisure. Some people travel to experience new cultures and meet new people. Others travel to learn about history or nature. And still others travel simply to relax and have fun.

No matter what your reason for traveling, leisure travel can be a rewarding experience. It can help you to broaden your horizons, learn new things, and make memories that will last a lifetime.

Planning a Leisure Trip

Planning a leisure trip can be a fun and exciting experience. However, it can also be a lot of work. To make the most of your trip, it is important to do your research and plan ahead.

Here are some tips for planning a leisure trip:

• Set a budget. The first step in planning a trip is to set a budget. This will help you to determine how much you can spend on airfare, lodging, food, and other expenses.
• Choose a destination. Once you have a budget in mind, you can start to choose a destination. There are many factors to consider when choosing a destination, such as your interests, budget, and travel time.
• Book transportation and accommodations. Once you have chosen a destination, you need to book transportation and accommodations. This can be done online or through a travel agent.
• Get travel insurance. It is always a good idea to get travel insurance when you are traveling internationally. This will protect you in case of cancellations, medical emergencies, or lost luggage.
• Prepare for your trip. In the weeks leading up to your trip, you should start to prepare for your trip. This includes packing your bags, getting your passport and visas, and updating your vaccinations.

By following these tips, you can plan a leisure trip that is both enjoyable and affordable.

Travel Safety

When you are traveling for leisure, it is important to stay safe. Here are some tips for staying safe while traveling:

• Be aware of your surroundings. Be aware of your surroundings at all times, especially when you are in unfamiliar places. Pay attention to people who are following you or who seem suspicious.
• Don’t leave your belongings unattended. Never leave your belongings unattended, especially in crowded areas. If you have to leave your belongings, make sure they are in a safe place.
• Be careful about what you eat and drink. Be careful about what you eat and drink when you are traveling. Avoid eating food from street vendors or drinking tap water.
• Stay aware of local laws and customs. Before you travel, make sure you are aware of the local laws and customs. This will help you to avoid any problems.

By following these tips, you can stay safe while traveling for leisure.

Leisure travel can be a wonderful way to experience new cultures, meet new people, and learn new things. By following these tips, you can plan a leisure trip that is both enjoyable and affordable. And by staying safe, you can ensure that your trip is a success.

What is leisure travel?

Leisure travel is travel that is done for pleasure rather than for business or other purposes. It can include activities such as visiting tourist attractions, relaxing on a beach, or taking part in sports or other recreational activities.

What are the benefits of leisure travel?

There are many benefits to leisure travel, including:

• Relaxation: Leisure travel can help you to relax and de-stress from the stresses of everyday life.
• Exploration: Leisure travel can allow you to explore new places and cultures, and learn about different ways of life.
• Social interaction: Leisure travel can provide you with opportunities to meet new people and make new friends.
• Improved health: Leisure travel can help to improve your health and well-being by getting you out of your usual routine and providing you with opportunities to exercise and be active.

What are some popular destinations for leisure travel?

Some of the most popular destinations for leisure travel include:

• Beaches: Beaches are a popular destination for leisure travel, as they offer the opportunity to relax and enjoy the sun, sand, and surf. Some of the most popular beach destinations include the Caribbean, Hawaii, and the Mediterranean.
• Cities: Cities are also popular destinations for leisure travel, as they offer a variety of attractions, such as museums, theaters, and restaurants. Some of the most popular city destinations include London, Paris, and New York City.
• National parks: National parks are another popular destination for leisure travel, as they offer the opportunity to explore natural wonders, such as mountains, forests, and deserts. Some of the most popular national park destinations include Yellowstone National Park, Yosemite National Park, and the Grand Canyon.

How can I plan a leisure travel trip?

Planning a leisure travel trip can be a fun and rewarding experience. Here are a few tips to help you get started:

• Set a budget: The first step is to set a budget for your trip. This will help you to narrow down your options and make the most of your money.
• Choose a destination: Once you have a budget in mind, you can start to choose a destination for your trip. Consider your interests and budget when making your decision.
• Book your transportation: Once you have chosen a destination, you will need to book your transportation. This may include flights, trains, or buses.
• Book your accommodations: You will also need to book your accommodations. This may include hotels, hostels, or Airbnbs.
• Create an itinerary: Once you have booked your transportation and accommodations, you can start to create an itinerary for your trip. This will help you to make the most of your time and see all of the sights that you want to see.

What are some common mistakes to avoid when planning a leisure travel trip?

There are a few common mistakes that people make when planning a leisure travel trip. These include:

• Not setting a budget: One of the biggest mistakes that people make is not setting a budget for their trip. This can lead to overspending and stress.
• Not doing enough research: Another common mistake is not doing enough research on your destination. This can lead to missed opportunities and disappointments.
• Not being flexible: It is important to be flexible when planning a leisure travel trip. Things can change, so it is important to be able to adapt to unexpected circumstances.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can help to ensure that your leisure travel trip is a success.

leisure travel is a vast and varied industry that offers something for everyone. Whether you’re looking to relax on a beach, explore a new city, or learn about a different culture, there’s a leisure travel experience out there for you.

When planning your next leisure travel adventure, be sure to do your research and choose a destination that’s right for you. Consider your interests, budget, and time constraints, and make sure to book your trip well in advance. With a little planning, you can have the vacation of a lifetime.

Here are some key takeaways from this article:

• Leisure travel is a broad term that can encompass a variety of activities, including sightseeing, shopping, dining, and cultural exploration.
• Leisure travel can be a great way to relax, learn about new cultures, and make new memories.
• When planning your next leisure travel adventure, be sure to do your research and choose a destination that’s right for you.

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The many benefits of leisure travel.

The benefits you can get from leisure travel are incredible, and are a big part of people’s lives. Lucky for us, technology has afforded us the chance to travel anywhere, if only we take the time to actually travel.

For many people, leisure travel is a way to reward themselves after working hard, while for some, traveling is a routine that can’t be broken. People, both old and young alike, love traveling. For older people, leisure travel could include relaxing on a cruise, by the beach, or going on pre-planned tours on a bus with plenty of other people.

For younger people however, leisure travel is finding that next great adventure, getting lost in extraordinary and exotic places, eating exotic delicacies, and backpacking through Europe, America, Asia, or Australia. For them, everything is possible, and it’s what makes traveling more exciting.

So whether sightseeing, visiting museums, temples, beaches, historical sites, rainforests, mountains, parks, aquariums, cruising, backpacking, or whatever activity  floats your boat, you come back from your travels different and for the better. Below are just some of the great benefits you can get from leisure travel.

•    Leisure travel provides you unlimited opportunities to learn things about yourself and the world around you .

Traveling gives you the chance to increase your knowledge and wisdom about yourself and the world, in order to widen your perspective on many things. From seeing Paris atop the Eiffel Tower, running with the bulls in Spain, getting lost in the temples of Asia and the pyramids of Egypt, taking in the world from on high in the Swiss Alps, dancing in the Carnivale at Brazil, or taking a road trip in America, you will experience a lot of things that will take you out of your comfort zone. You may be afraid at times, but this is normal.

Likewise, traveling gives us a chance to feel like a kid again and discover people and places you only get to see on TV, books, and the Internet. When you travel to different places, you will be able to better understand the people who live there, their background, history, and culture. You will be able to experience firsthand the differences and similarities you have with them.

•    Traveling lets you create your own treasure box of memories that will surely last you a lifetime.

When traveling, you will get to experience and see the world, and keep all the memories you have from your journeys. You meet new people which can turn into lifelong friends, or fall head over heels with a place that you will come back to visit time and time again. Every single journey is different, and you will treasure each and every second of it by yourself or with a loved one.

Likewise, when you travel with your loved ones, you create and share memories that you can treasure collectively. What’s better than traveling with those that you love? In addition, giving your loved ones a travel experience to remember is far better and more fulfilling than merely giving them material presents. Presents break and get old, while memories last forever.

•    Leisure travel promotes quality bonding time away from all the stresses of daily life.

In relation to the above, traveling is a great way to bond with your loved ones because you will be away from the stresses of work and typical family life. When you travel, you will also get to know more about your family since nothing will distract you from having the time of your lives. Ultimately, what matters in life is your family relations and the good and fun memories you create together, not the money you have in your bank.

•    Travel provides you with the chance to heal your heart and soul.

If you’re in the unfortunate circumstance of dealing with a tragic loss of a loved one, traveling can make you see that indeed there is life after death or a major loss, and that you can go on living your life. When you immerse yourself in new experiences and see the wonders the world has to offer, you will realize that everything is possible. This does not mean that you will be healed instantly; rather, traveling can take you one step forward to healing yourself.

•    Traveling revitalizes and refreshes not only your body, but most importantly, your mind and soul as well.

According to different studies, leisure travel is actually a necessity more important than any material thing your money can buy - so invest wisely. This is especially true for people with very stressful jobs. Nowadays, relaxing on weekends at home is simply not enough to recharge their batteries. What works is traveling to different places occasionally. Money need not be a concern since you can travel to places nearer to home and still get the same benefits. After traveling, all your stress will go out the window and you will be able to face your job and work more productively, all the while planning your next journey.

•    Lastly, leisure travel affords you the chance to live your life like there’s no tomorrow.

Traveling gives you that general sense of freedom and wonderment and makes you feel more alive. It doesn’t matter what state or country you end up going to - what matters is that you decided to get out and travel. Likewise, as the old saying goes, there’s no time like the present, so better be on your way if you want to reap all the benefits leisure travel has to offer.

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Chapter 5. Recreation

Don Webster

Learning Objectives

• Differentiate between recreation, outdoor recreation, adventure tourism, and nature-based tourism
• Describe the significance, size, and economic contribution of this sector to the overall tourism industry in BC
• Identify key industry organizations in recreation, outdoor recreation, and adventure tourism
• Classify different subsectors of recreation, outdoor recreation, and adventure tourism
• Recognize the unique challenges facing recreation, outdoor recreation, and adventure tourism in BC

In this chapter, we discuss the concept of recreation in tourism and hospitality. Recreation can be defined as the pursuit of leisure activities during one’s spare time (Tribe, 2011) and can include vastly different activities such as golfing, sport fishing, and rock climbing. Defining recreation as it pertains to tourism, however, is more challenging.

Let’s start by exploring some recreation-based terms that are common in the tourism industry.  Outdoor recreation can be defined as “outdoor activities that take place in a natural setting, as opposed to a highly cultivated or managed landscape such as a playing field or golf course” (Tourism BC, 2013, p. 47).  This term is typically applied to outdoor activities that individuals engage in and that are located close to their community. When these activities are further away, and people must travel some distance to participate in them, they are often described as adventure tourism.

According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), adventure tourism is “a trip that includes at least two of the following three elements: physical activity, natural environment, and cultural immersion” (UNWTO, 2014, p.12).  Examples of adventure tourism in BC include river rafting, helicopter skiing, and rock climbing.

Take a Closer Look: UNWTO Global Report 

The Global Report on Adventure Tourism by UNWTO offers an in-depth analysis of the global adventure travel sector. It can be found at http://affiliatemembers.unwto.org/publication/global-report-adventure-tourism

Adventure tourism can be “soft” or “hard.” Differentiating between the two is somewhat subjective, but is loosely based on the level of experience required, the level of fitness required, and the degree to which the participant is exposed to risk (UNWTO, 2014).  Examples of soft adventure include wildlife viewing or moderate hiking, whereas river rafting or rock climbing would usually be considered hard adventure.

Another term that is used, one that overlaps with the definitions of outdoor recreation and adventure tourism, is  nature-based tourism, which refers to “those tourism experiences that are directly or indirectly dependent on the natural environment” (Tourism BC, 2005b, p.6).  This term is often used to describe activities that are closely connected to nature, such as whale watching, birding, or self-propelled travel such as hiking and kayaking.

As you can see, there are challenges in classifying recreation in tourism. For instance, if people kayak near their home or community, it may be considered outdoor recreation. If they travel afar for that same activity, it likely is designated as adventure tourism. If the kayaking is done in protected, mild conditions, it would be considered soft adventure, but if done in a challenging and risky river descent, it may be classified as hard adventure.

Of course, each of the above scenarios of kayaking could be considered nature-based tourism if it is strongly linked to the natural environment. Ultimately, categorization is based on a combination of several factors, including manner of engagement in the activity (risk exposure, experience requirement, group or solo activity), the distance travelled to access the activity, and the type of environment (proximity to nature, level of challenge involved) that that the activity occurs in.

A 2013 adventure tourism market study discovered that people who travel for adventure experiences tend to be well-educated, with 48% holding a four-year degree or higher credential. They value natural beauty and rank this as the highest factor when choosing a destination, and the most cited reasons for their travel are relaxation “relaxation, exploring new places, time with family, and learning about different cultures” (UNWTO, 2014, p.15).

Globally, it is estimated that the continents of Europe, North America, and South America account for 69% of adventure tourism, or US$263 billion in adventure travel spending. Adventure tourists tend to be seen as high-value visitors, with as much of 70% of their expenditures remaining in the communities visited (UNWTO, 2014).

The size, extent, and economic contribution of recreation, outdoor recreation, and adventure tourism in British Columbia is also substantial. The rest of this chapter explores the sector in the province in more detail.

Recreation and Adventure Tourism in BC

Studies have shown that nearly all residents of BC partake in some kind of outdoor recreation activity during any given year. Approximately 85% of those participants indicate that these recreational activities were very important to them (Tourism BC, 2013).

Spotlight On: Outdoor Recreation Council of BC

The Outdoor Recreation Council of BC (ORC) describes itself as “promoting access to and responsible use of BC’s public lands and waters for public outdoor recreation” (Outdoor Recreation Council of BC, 2014). The Council promotes the benefits of outdoor recreation, represents the community to government and the general public, advocates and educates about responsible land use, provides a forum for exchanging information, and connects different outdoor recreation groups. For more information, visit the Outdoor Recreation Council of BC website : http://orcbc.ca

It is estimated that there are approximately 2,200 outdoor/adventure tourism operators in BC. In 2001, this accounted for 21,000 jobs and $556 million in direct wages. The last sector-wide study in 2005 estimated that business revenues in outdoor adventure tourism accounted for approximately $854 million in annual business revenues (Tourism BC, 2013). Given the growth of adventure tourism over the last decade, it is likely these numbers have risen.

Additionally, in the current five-year provincial tourism strategy, entitled Gaining the Edge, outdoor/adventure tourism is indicated as one of six key areas targeted for growth ( British Columbia Ministry of Jobs, Tourism and Innovation , 2012). This government support, combined with the rapid growth of the outdoor and adventure tourism industry, point to a strong future for this sector.

Take a Closer Look: Outdoor Adventure Sector Profile

Outdoor Adventure: Tourism Sector Profile, a report produced by Destination BC, includes information on the size, type, and characteristics of tourism companies in this sector. Also included is market demand for these activities and future challenges the sector faces. You can find the report at Outdoor Tourism Sector Profile [PDF] : http://www.destinationbc.ca/getattachment/Research/Research-by-Activity/All-Sector-Profiles/Outdoor-Adventure-Sector-Profile,-May-2014/Tourism-Sector-Profile_OutdoorAdventure_May2014.pdf.aspx

This section covers two key types of recreation and tourism, with a focus on British Columbia:

• Land-based recreation and tourism
• Water-based recreation and tourism

It’s not possible to detail all the recreational activities available in BC, but by the end of this section, you will have an understanding of the key unique activities available in the province.

Land-Based Recreation and Tourism

Golf courses and resorts.

A 2009 economic impact study found that more than six million Canadians participate in the game of golf each year, making this sport the number one outdoor recreational activity in Canada based on participation. Golf also directly employs more than 155,000 people and contributes more than $11 billion directly to Canada’s gross domestic product. BC has over 300 golf course facilities, and with over $2 billion annually in direct economic activity, the golfing industry in the province is the fourth largest in Canada (Strategic Networks Inc., 2009).

Golf is a significant tourism attraction in BC; in 2007 the province was chosen as the “Best Golf Course Destination in North America” by the International Association of Golf Tour Operators (Destination BC, 2014c).  Part of the draw is the diverse environment; golfers can choose from lush coastal forests to desert environments, and many courses have a viewscape of mountains or the ocean.

A 2006 study by the Canadian Tourism Commission (CTC) detailed both demographic and economic factors related to the Canadian golf industry. Significant findings included that there were more than 3.4 million golf travellers in Canada annually, and that of those travellers, approximately 34% travelled to BC. In addition, the Canadian golf participation rate (for the total Canadian population) was 21.5%, which is among the highest golf participation rates of any country in the world. Golfing provides an opportunity to attract significant tourism revenue as the average golf traveller has a much higher than average income level, with up to 50% of all golf travellers earning $100,000 or more per annum (Tourism BC, 2009b).

Spotlight On: British Columbia Golf Marketing Alliance

The British Columbia Golf Marketing Alliance is a strategic alliance that represents 58 regional and destination golf resorts in BC. The purpose of the alliance is to grow the game of golf in BC and achieve recognition nationally and internationally as a leading golf destination. The alliance supports and distributes information about research, lobbying efforts, and golf industry events. For more information, visit the Allied Golf Association of BC website : http://aga-bc.org/committees/recreational-golf-committee/

Mountain Resorts and Nordic Centres

Resorts in British Columbia range from smaller eco-lodges to large ski areas. Mountain resorts and nordic centres are part of the larger resort tourism sector, which in 2004 was valued at $1.9 billion (Tourism BC, 2011c).

Ski/Snowboard Mountain Resorts

BC’s many world-class facilities and high-quality snow conditions provide mass appeal for downhill skiing and snowboarding. Mountain resorts in BC can be separated into two principal categories: destination resorts and regional resorts. Destination mountain resorts are often significantly larger and offer a greater range of amenities such as on mountain accommodation and food services; they are also generally marketed to out-of-area and international visitors. Examples of a destination resort would include Whistler Blackcomb Ski Resort. On the other hand, regional mountain resorts are usually smaller in size and capacity, have fewer amenities, and often cater more directly to the local community (Tourism BC, 2011c) such as Whitewater Ski Resort in the Kootenay Rockies.

Spotlight On: Canada West Ski Areas Association

Ski areas in Western Canada (Alberta and BC) are represented by the Canada West Ski Areas Association (CWSAA), which has a diverse mandate that includes marketing, advocacy, environmental stewardship, and risk management. For more information, visit the Canada West Ski Areas Association website : http://www.cwsaa.org

The aggregate economic value of destination mountain resorts is significant; one study by Tourism BC found that 13 of these resorts were responsible for generating approximately 1.1 billion in revenue, or 8% of the total provincial tourism revenues in 2008. Additionally, they provided the equivalent of 14,267 full-time equivalent jobs (Tourism BC, 2011c). Furthermore, BC’s top mountain resorts have received many prestigious awards (Tourism BC, 2011c, p. 11):

• Whistler Blackcomb has consistently been named the #1 ski resort in North America.
• In 2009, Sun Peaks was named one of the “Top 20 Ski Resorts in North America” by 
Condé Nast Traveler.
• Big White Ski Resort was recognized in 2009 as a “Top 5 Family Resort” by the UK-based Sunday Times.

The publicity that these resorts receive has undoubtedly reflected positively on the rest of the BC tourism industry.

Spotlight On: “Ski It to Believe It”

Destination BC offers a specific mountain resort marketing website for 13 destination resorts in BC called “Ski It to Believe It.” The site features live updates on snow conditions, resort info, a map featuring all BC ski destinations, blogs, and dynamic content featuring visitors enjoying various skiing experiences including heli, cat, backcountry, and downhill skiing. For more information, visit the Ski It to Believe It website : http://skiittobelieveit.com

Nordic Centres

Nordic skiing, also commonly known as cross-country skiing, is a low-risk, low-impact winter sport popular across Canada. It differs from backcountry skiing in that participants ski on groomed trails typically maintained as part of an established facility (Cross Country BC, n.d.).

Spotlight On: Whistler Sport Legacies

Leading up to the 2010 Winter Olympics held in Vancouver and Whistler, there was much debate about the need for a continuing legacy from the event. Whistler Sport Legacies is an example of a recreational, tourism, and sport legacy that can emerge out of a mega event such as the Olympics. For more information, visit the Whistler Sport Legacies website : http://www.whistlersportlegacies.com

With more than 50 cross-country ski centres across BC, and a season that often exceeds that of downhill skiing (November to May in many areas), the sport attracts large numbers of local and inbound recreation enthusiasts. Trail networks have been developed in both stand-alone environments, as well as in partnership with large mountain resorts such as Silver Star in Vernon, Sun Peaks in Kamloops, Cypress Mountain above Vancouver, and Rossland in the Kootenays. Many of these trail networks offer both groomed and track-set trails, a number are lit for night skiing.

Spotlight On: Silver Star’s Sovereign Lake Nordic Centre

Located just outside Vernon, Sovereign Lake is Canada’s largest daily groomed trail network that includes 105 kilometres of trails varying from green (easy) to black diamond (most difficult); a further trail expansion is planned for 2015. For more information, visit Sovereign Lake’s website : http://www.sovereignlake.com

Backcountry Skiing and Snowboarding

Backcountry skiing and snowboarding offers a recreational activity in a wilderness setting, away from any established mountain resorts, lifts, or trails. BC is regarded as a world-class destination for backcountry access, and has recently seen considerable and sustained growth in this sector (Porteus, 2013). The motivator for pursuing this activity for most people is primarily the lure of fresh, untracked snow in a beautiful mountain setting. Some backcountry skiers and snowboarders combine this activity with helicopter or snowcat skiing.

Spotlight On: Backcountry Lodges Association of British Columbia

The Backcountry Lodges Association of British Columbia (BLABC) represents backcountry lodges in the province. Its consumer site features a find-a-lodge function, profiles for summer and winter lodges, the ability to check conditions in various backcountry areas, and consumer content including a blog and videos. For more information, visit the Backcountry Lodges Association of BC : www.backcountrylodgesofbc.com

Helicopter skiing transports skiers and snowboarders by helicopter to the backcountry. It is typically a professionally guided activity, with packages ranging in duration from a single day to weeks. The skiing/snowboarding is often packaged with a luxury lodge accommodation, gourmet meals, and access to spa treatments.

Heliskiing was pioneered in Canada by Swiss mountain guide Hans Gmoser, who founded the company Canadian Mountain Holidays, which has grown to be the largest heliskiing company in the world (Canadian Mountain Holidays, n.d.).  Today, there are close to 20 helicopter skiing companies in BC, which represents the largest concentration of commercial operations in the world (HeliCat Canada, n.d.).

Snowcat skiing is alpine skiing accessed by travelling to the top of the ski area in a snowcat (an enclosed cab vehicle on tracks). As with heliskiing, this activity also has its commercial roots in BC. Snowcat skiing was pioneered in 1975 by Selkirk Wilderness Skiing as an alternative to both lift-serviced and helicopter-accessed riding and skiing (Selkirk Wilderness Skiing, n.d.).  It is typically a guided activity due to the avalanche risk associated with the terrain. As with heliskiing, snowcat skiers have the option of choosing single-day or multi-day vacation packages. During the winter of 2015, there were 11 established snowcat skiing operations in BC (HeliCat Canada, n.d.).

Spotlight On: Avalanche Canada

This organization provides public avalanche forecasts and education for any backcountry travellers venturing into avalanche terrain. This vital service is provided to the public free of charge, as Avalanche Canada is a not-for-profit society dedicated to a vision of eliminating avalanche injuries and fatalities in Canada. In addition to the website, it provides training programs and shares safety best practice. For more information, visit  Avalance Canada : http://www.avalanche.ca

Guides for these operations are typically certified by either the Association of Canadian Mountain Guides (ACMG) or the Canadian Ski Guide Association (CSGA).  Both organizations assess the guides for their expertise in technical skills, avalanche forecasting, risk management and emergency response before issuing certification. The process is extensive and rigorous, taking much time and commitment for guides to become fully certified.

Spotlight On: HeliCat Canada  

Based in Revelstoke, BC, HeliCat Canada is an industry organization that represents heliskiing and snowcat skiing operators in Canada.  It provides regulation, advocacy, and marketing for the operators. Since 1978, the organization has worked closely with government and industry to develop operations guidelines. For more information, visit  Helicat Canada : www.helicatcanada.com

Off-Road Recreational Vehicles

An off-road recreational vehicle (ORV) is any vehicle designed to be driven off road that is not included within any other vehicle classification framework. This includes snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and dirt bikes (British Columbia Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, 2014). ORV use is recognized as a considerable contributor to the BC economy, owing primarily to recreational users, but also from tourist visits.

Recreational snowmobiling in BC is represented by the British Columbia Snowmobile Federation (BCSF).  The BCSF’s mandate is to represent recreational snowmobile clubs through advocacy, education, and stewardship (BCSF, n.d.). Commercial snowmobiling is represented by the British Columbia Commercial Snowmobile Operators Association (BCCSOA), a group of snowmobile tour operators who have mobilized to support marketing, product development, and government advocacy initiatives (BCCSOA, n.d.).

ORV use has long been the subject of conflict between non-motorized and motorized recreational users of the wilderness. Non-motorized users claim that motorized users negatively impact the wilderness through noise pollution and environmental damage by degrading trails and scaring wildlife (Webster, 2013).  Recently, wilderness tourism operators who hold Crown land tenure to operate in remote areas have complained that ORVs negatively affect their visitors’ experiences. Some of these conflicts may now be mitigated through the implementation of the Off-Road Vehicle Act, which was passed in 2014.  This Act requires mandatory registration of ORVs, and includes elements that promote safety, enforcement of regulations, education, and outreach (British Columbia Ministry Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, 2014).

Guest Ranchers and Hunting Outfitters

Guest and dude ranches.

Guest ranches and dude ranches offer personal and home-like vacation experiences centered on horseback riding and an authentic ranch experience. These operators typically offer accommodation in a ranch-type environment, and include as part of the experience the opportunity to participate in ranch activities such as horse riding and cattle wrangling. Other services and activities may also be available, such as spa treatments, hiking, canoeing, and fishing (BC Guest Ranchers Association, n.d.).

Spotlight On: The British Columbia Guest Ranchers Association

The British Columbia Guest Ranchers Association (BCGRA) represents guest and dude ranch operators in the province. It serves and represents its members through cooperative marketing, advertising, development of operational standards, and member pricing on liability insurance plans (BCGRA, n.d.). For more information, visit the British Columbia Guest Ranchers Association website : http://www.bcguestranches.com

A 2011 study of guest ranches by Tourism BC found that there were 57 operating ranches in the province. Most of these were small operations with one to five employees and serving fewer than 1,000 clients per year (Tourism BC, 2011a). There are also large operations such as the Hills Health Guest Ranch located near 100 Mile House, which can accommodate hundreds of guests at one time. The ranch features a full on-site spa and two dining rooms, and hosts a multitude of special events each year. Two other examples of unique guest ranch operations are the Siwash Lake Ranch in south-central BC, a “high-end” exclusive resort featuring executive-chef prepared meals, and the Echo Valley Ranch and Spa in the BC interior, offering an alternative therapy spa and gold-panning excursions.

Hunting Outfitters

Hunting is a traditional recreational activity in BC, and it is also one of the original tourism products in the province (GOABC, n.d.). BC is fortunate to have a vast amount of wilderness available for hunting activities.  The exact size of the hunting market is difficult to quantify, but in 2003, a study found that 5,000 non-resident hunting licences were sold in BC, contributing $46 million to the provincial economy (CTC, 2012).

Some people choose self-guided hunting activities, but to hunt certain species, a guide outfitter must be hired. Guide outfitters are licensed by the BC Government to provide commercial hunting services for non-residents. This commercial hunt service directly employs more than 2,000 BC residents and generates approximately $116 million in economic activity annually (GOABC, n.d.). Many of these outfitters are small family operations  based in rural areas; they are a source valuable economic activity in areas with limited resources (GOABC, n.d.).

Spotlight On: Guide Outfitters Association of BC

Guide Outfitters Association of BC (GOABC) was established in 1966 to promote and preserve the interests of guide outfitters who take hunters out into wildlife habitat. GOABC is also the publisher of Mountain Hunter magazine. Its website outlines a code of conduct and standards for guide outfitters as well as a wildlife DNA collection program to help provide insight into animal populations. For more information, visit the Guide Outfitters Association of BC website : http://www.goabc.org

Cycling is a popular recreational activity in BC thanks to a variety of terrain, spectacular scenery, and favourable weather conditions, with approximately 44% of residents participating each year (Tourism BC, 2013). Cycling also attracts out-of-province visitors. One study from 2008 reported that out of 5.6 million Canadians who travelled to BC over a two-year period, almost one million (17%) had participated in a cycling activity (Tourism BC, 2009).

Spotlight On: Cycling Destinations

Several BC destinations have developed cycling as a key tourism product. For example, the Salt Spring Island group Island Pathways helped make the island more bike-friendly in recent years by installing bike racks, developing a map with bike routes, encouraging local transportation to accommodate bikes, and establishing local bike rentals and service. For more information, visit Salt Spring Island Cycling : http://www.saltspringtourism.com/cycling/

Another great example of cycling tourism is the Kettle Valley Railway in the Okanagan, built on an abandoned railbed. This 600-kilometre trail network includes a multitude of tunnels and trestles, and is most often travelled by cycling. Sections of the trail system are also now included in the Trans Canada Trail. For more information, visit the Kettle Valley Railway website : http://www.kettlevalleyrailway.ca/

Cycling can be generalized into two styles: road cycling and mountain biking.

Road cycling appeals to those who want to travel on paved roads on bikes designed for travelling long distances efficiently and effectively. Road cycling may refer to racing, both recreational and professional, or cycle touring, where cyclists travel by bike on single- or multi-day trips. Given the multitude of rolling hills, mountain passes, and stunning vistas, BC is regarded as a premier cycle touring destination (Destination BC, 2014b).

Mountain biking generally involves riding on unpaved routes and trails either specially designed for biking or for multipurpose use. BC’s reputation as a prime mountain biking destination has grown because of the unique array of trails available, ranging from the steep, challenging routes of Vancouver’s North Shore, to the high alpine cross-country routes found in the South Chilcotin Mountains (Tourism BC, 2011b).

Take a Closer Look: Mountain Bike Tourism

The report Tourism Essentials Guide: Mountain Bike Tourism is a valuable resource for operators or communities seeking to develop or promote mountain biking tourism in their area. It can be found at Tourism Essentials Guide: Mountain Bike Tourism [PDF] : http://www.destinationbc.ca/getattachment/Programs/Guides-Workshops-and-Webinars/Guides/Tourism-Business-Essentials-Guides/TBE-Guide-Mountain-Biking-May2011.pdf.aspx

Over the years, mountain biking has grown from being a fringe activity to a mainstay of the tourism economy. In fact, the growth potential of mountain biking is so highly regarded that the BC Government now considers it as one of the top growth areas in the outdoor adventure sector (Tourism BC, 2011b).

Indeed, numerous mountain winter resorts such as Whistler Blackcomb, Silverstar, and Kicking Horse have developed mountain biking trail infrastructure and lift-accessed biking to provide off-season activities. World-class mountain biking races such as the Test of Metal and the BC Bike Race bring thousands of riders through small communities for mountain biking. The economic impact of these events is significant. Over the course of a single four-month season in the Sea-to-Sky Corridor in 2006 (including the communities of North Vancouver, Squamish, and Whistler), the economic contribution of mountain biking to local economies was $10.3 million (Western Canada Mountain Bike Tourism Association, 2006).

Spotlight On: Test of Metal and GranFondo 

Two major bike races bring significant visitors to the Sea-to-Sky Corridor.  The Test of Metal, held in Squamish, has sold out every year since 1998, and brings upward of 1,000 mountain bikers into the area for a one-day event each June. For more information, visit The Test of Metal : http://testofmetal.com/. The GranFondo Whistler is a road biking race from Vancouver to Whistler that now attracts upward of 7,000 participants each year. For more information, visit  The GranFondo : http://granfondowhistler.com

Spotlight On: Western Canada Mountain Bike Tourism Association

Western Canada Mountain Bike Tourism Association (MBTA) is a not-for-profit organization working toward establishing BC, and Western Canada, as the world’s foremost mountain bike tourism destination. It has hosted a symposium on mountain bike tourism and works with Bike Parks BC to ensure terrain development. For more information, visit the Mountain Bike Tourism Association website : http://www.mbta.ca/

Camping and Hiking

In 2012, over 19.3 million people visited BC provincial parks, including 16.8 million day visitors, many of whom used the parks for hiking and exploration in addition to picnics, swimming, and other outdoor activities. Of these visitors, 2.3 million were overnight campers, generating $15.5 million in user fees, with an average guest satisfaction rating of 82% (BC Parks, 2012). As discussed in Chapter 3, there are also a number of private camping providers in the province.

Wildlife Viewing

Given the diversity and richness of our natural environment, it is not surprising that there is a thriving wildlife viewing industry in BC. This includes whale, bird, and bear watching as well as travelling to view the northern lights or alpine flowers (CTC, 2007). One study conducted by the Canadian Tourism Commission established that within BC, approximately 37% of tourists took part in wildlife viewing while visiting. Significantly, for 13% of visitors, the primary motivation for their travel to BC was wildlife viewing (CTC, 2007).

Spotlight On: Wilderness Tourism Association of British Columbia

The Wilderness Tourism Association of British Columbia (WTA) provides industry support and advocacy for those operators offering nature-based tourism products. For more information, visit the Wilderness Tourism Association of BC website : www.wilderness-tourism.bc.ca

Whale watching occurs along the coast of BC, with tours sometimes leaving from major urban centres, but more commonly from smaller communities such as Telegraph Cove on northern Vancouver Island. Tours are typically by boat, on vessels ranging from open, 10-passenger Zodiacs, to comfortable cabin cruisers with inside seating. The most commonly observed whale is the orca, one of the province’s most distinctive animals. Other whales like the humpback, minke, and Pacific grey are also frequently encountered. The province’s vast diversity of marine life is a key attraction of the tours; in addition to whale watching, a typical tour may encounter bald eagles, sea lions, porpoises, and a variety of sea birds (Destination BC, 2014,d).

Take a Closer Look: Mammal Viewing Guidelines

Marine mammal viewing in Canada has grown in popularity to the point where the federal government has established marine wildlife viewing guidelines. These establish parameters such as safe viewing distances and time limits. For more information, visit the marine wildlife viewing guidelines : http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/fm-gp/species-especes/mammals-mammiferes/view-observer-eng.html

Bear viewing — whether for black bears, grizzly bears, or the rare kermode bear — is also popular. Black bears are common across all regions of BC. Grizzly bears are more likely to be found in remote and mountainous regions; they have an estimated population in the province of approximately 16,000. Kermode bears, also called spirit bears, are a subspecies of black bears with a genetic trait that produces white fur instead of black. They are found primarily in the Great Bear Rainforest of the Central Coast, and figure prominently in the spiritual traditions of BC’s Coastal First Nations. The spirit bear is also BC’s official animal (Destination BC, 2014a).

Tourism operators that offer bear viewing typically operate in remote regions of BC. They may utilize raised viewing areas or operate from a boat-based platform, and offer accommodation at night. The season is typically limited to May through October, with the highest chances of viewing success during the salmon spawning season in the fall.

Spotlight On: Commercial Bear Viewing Association of BC

Bear viewing is a complex activity with potential for physical risk to visitors and impacts to the bears. The Commercial Bear Viewing Association of BC (CBVA) sets standards for operators offering bear viewing. For more information, visit the Commercial Bear Viewing Association website : http://www.bearviewing.ca

Now that we’ve explored some of the key land-based tourism and recreational experiences in BC, let’s turn to the water.

Water-Based Recreation and Tourism

Water-based recreation and tourism in BC is extensive and varied. The coastline of more than 25,000 kilometres in length provides ideal opportunities for recreation and tourism (BC Adventure, n.d.).  Activities include scuba diving, boat tours, sport fishing, paddle sports, and more. Following is an overview of a few core water-based activities offered by BC tourism operators, as well as a brief description of their economic contributions and related industry organizations.

Scuba Diving

BC waters offer scuba divers a rich diversity of marine life such as giant Pacific octopuses, wolf eels, sixgill sharks, soft corals, and cloud sponges. As well, a variety of dive sites are available, including marine parks, protected natural areas, sunken naval vessels, artificial reefs, historic wrecks, and even a submerged fuselage of a Boeing 737 airliner (Dive Industry Association of BC, n.d.).

A 2004 study conducted by the Dive Industry Association of BC found that the dive industry in BC consisted of 116 operators offering services to tourists and residents alike. The many segments of the industry include manufacturers, distributers, dive charters, dive shops, and instructional centres. The study estimated that gross revenues from this industry at $15 million, although this number failed to account for other indirect spending such as trip-related accommodation and transportation. It is likely that the actual economic value of this subsector is actually significantly larger (Ivanova, 2004).

Spotlight On: Dive Industry Association of British Columbia

Established in 2002, the Dive Industry Association of British Columbia (DIABC)  is a not-for-profit that represents and supports the recreational diving industry in BC. Funded in part by matching donations from Destination BC, their diverse membership includes dive shops, tour operators, and individual dive guides. For more information, visit the Dive Industry Association of BC : http://diveindustrybc.com

Sport Fishing and Lodges

There is a long and rich history of sport fishing in BC. Anglers are drawn to the province’s tidal waters (for salmon and halibut) and to freshwater rivers and lakes (for trout, steelhead, and sturgeon). The annual rate of recreational participation is significant; a 2009 study estimated that there are nearly 600,000 anglers (either fresh or saltwater) in any given year in BC (Tourism BC, 2009). Furthermore, non-resident anglers contributed almost $6 million by way of licensing fees, and an additional $46 million in non-fishing expenditures to the economy of BC. The British Columbia Fishing Resorts and Outfitters Association (BCFROA) represents commercial freshwater resorts and outfitters and delivers advocacy, conservation, and marketing efforts on behalf of its members (BCFROA, n.d.).

Paddle Sports

River rafting, canoeing, sea kayaking, and standup paddle boarding (SUP) are common activities for both recreationists and tourists alike in BC.  Collectively, these sports fall under the paddle sports category, which encompasses any activity that takes place in small boats propelled by paddles (Education Scotland, n.d.).  Although all paddle sports are popular recreational activities, two of the more sizable and commercially productive paddle sports subsectors are river rafting and sea kayaking.

River rafting operators can be found on many rivers across BC. Product offerings may range from a three-hour adrenaline-fuelled tour on the famous Fraser River to a 14-day wilderness exploration down the UNESCO World Heritage Tatshenshini-Alsek Rivers in northern BC.  These trips consist primarily of three types of rafting: paddle rafting, motorized rafting, and float trips (Destination BC, n.d.).

Commercial rafting in BC is represented by the British Columbia River Outfitters Association (BCROA), which acts as a regulatory and marketing organization for river rafting in the province. Guides are required to be certified at one of three levels: guide, senior guide, or trip leader.  Each river in BC that is commonly rafted has an extensive set of safety requirements called “provisions” listed by the BCROA. These provisions set out the minimum level of guide required, acceptable water levels ranges, and type of equipment needed for each river excursion (BCROA, n.d.).

A 2005 study conducted by Tourism BC identified 59 operators offering river rafting trips in the province. With an average of 5.5 employees, these operations are typically small in comparison to other industry subsectors. Collectively, however, they provided services to 216,000 customers and contributed almost $15 million in gross revenues to the BC economy in 2005. The same study also indicated that up to 75% of participants had travelled to join in the activity, indicating that they can predominantly be classified as adventure tourists (Tourism BC, 2007a).

Sea kayaking in BC has grown into a sizable recreational and commercial industry in recent years. The province is highly regarded internationally for its long coastline punctuated by many inlets and fjords. Kayaking trips may be as short as an afternoon harbour tour, or as long as a seven-day wilderness exploration to the remote regions of Vancouver Island. Noteworthy areas for sea kayakers include Pacific Rim National Park on western Vancouver Island, Johnstone Strait on northern Vancouver Island, and Gwaii Haanas National Park in Haida Gwaii.

A 2005 report entitled British Columbia’s Sea Kayaking Sector identified more than 114 operators offering rentals, instruction, day tours, or multi-day tours.  These operators reported gross revenues of approximately $14 million in 2005 (Tourism BC, 2005a).

Spotlight On: The Sea Kayak Guides Alliance of BC

Commercial operators offering tours are represented by the Sea Kayak Guides Alliance of BC (SKGABC), which represents more than 600 individual and company members working in the commercial sea kayaking industry. It provides operating standards, guide certification, advocacy, and government liaison services for its members. For more information, visit the Sea Kayak Guides Alliance of BC website : www.skgabc.com

Trends and Issues

As shown throughout this chapter, recreation, outdoor recreation, and adventure tourism play predominant roles in the tourism and hospitality industry in BC. However, there are challenges that impact the viability of this sector, as well as barriers that limit the growth. These topics are discussed briefly here.

Access to wilderness areas for tourism operators is an ongoing challenge. Some zones across the province are set aside for recreation, such as provincial and national parks. However, when it comes to conducting commercial operations in these same places, gaining access often involves an extensive permitting process that may impose restrictions on the type of activity and the number of visitors allowed.

In addition, parks are generally limited to non-motorized activities, thus presenting barriers for tourism operators that seek to offer mechanized recreation. Operators using Crown land for commercial activities also require authorization from the provincial government; in some instances, priority may be given to resource extraction or development. The permitting process can be onerous and time consuming, which for small operators, may be a barrier to growth (Wilderness Tourism Association, 2005).

Environmental issues are discussed in detail in Chapter 10.

Environmental Impacts

Environmental impacts from climate change, deforestation, and resource extraction all have significant potential to affect this sector of the tourism economy. On a local scale, competition with resource extraction for wilderness areas is a vital issue; without reliable access to pristine wilderness, many operators are facing threats to their sustainability (Wilderness Tourism Association, 2005).  Indeed, conflicts with the oil and gas industry, forestry, and mining are constant management challenges for wilderness tourism operators. On a global scale, climate change threatens tourism in BC in many ways, including irregular and insufficient snowfall for winter operations, the pine beetle epidemic sweeping through the province’s forests, and climate-related stress impacting prime wildlife viewing of species such as whales and bears. Environmental issues are discussed in detail in Chapter 10: Environmental Stewardship.

Risk Management

Concerns over risk management and litigation are ongoing for any operator that offers activities with an element of risk. When lawsuits in adventure tourism occur, they are often extensively publicized by the media, creating a perception of risky, dangerous, and irresponsible adventure operators. This can negatively affect the sector through rising insurance rates, increasing governmental regulation, challenging certification requirements, and permitting difficulties when interfacing with land management agencies.

With the popularity of backcountry skiing, snowboarding, snowmobiling, snowshoeing, and other winter sports on the rise in BC, the number of participants accessing backcountry areas is increasing (Mitsui, 2013). This is becoming a concern for long-time backcountry enthusiasts as well as safety monitors such as Avalanche Canada. As winter and summer backcountry equipment becomes more readily accessible, people are able to equip themselves without having received advanced safety training.

The increase of backcountry users will continue to expose users to possible dangerous situations. The best scenario is to ensure users receive proper training and education before they venture into the backcountry areas.

Other elements of risk and liability are discussed further in Chapter 11.

Despite some of the challenges faced by recreation, outdoor recreation, and adventure tourism, the industry as a whole remains an exciting, dynamic, and growing sector of the BC tourism economy. Employment opportunities abound, and the potential for economic contribution to the province, protection of wilderness areas, and diversification of rural economies away from resource extraction are exciting prospects. BC is uniquely positioned to maintain positive growth in this area, contingent upon government support to address the barriers and challenges listed above. Students looking to develop professionally in this field should strive to gain both hands-on experience in a specialized activity, and a strong tourism focused education; this combination will offer the best chance to open doors to a long-term career in this exciting industry.

Now that we understand the importance of recreation to the tourism industry, especially in BC, let’s explore Chapter 6, which looks at entertainment, the other half of this industry classification.

• Adventure tourism: outdoor activities with an element of risk, usually somewhat physically challenging and undertaken in natural, undeveloped areas
• Association of Canadian Mountain Guides (ACMG):  Canada’s only internationally recognized guiding association, offering a range of certifications
• Avalanche Canada : a not-for-profit society that provides public avalanche forecasts and education for backcountry travellers venturing into avalanche terrain, dedicated to a vision of eliminating avalanche injuries and fatalities in Canada
• British Columbia Golf Marketing Alliance: a strategic alliance representing 58 regional and destination golf resorts in BC with the goal of having BC achieve recognition nationally and internationally as a leading golf destination
• British Columbia Guest Ranchers Association (BCGRA): an organization offering marketing opportunities and development support for BC’s guest ranch operators
• British Columbia Snowmobile Federation (BCSF): an organization offering snowmobile patrol services, lessons on operations, and advocating for the maintenance of riding areas in BC
• Canada West Ski Areas Association (CWSAA): founded in 1966 and headquartered in Kelowna, BC, CWSAA represents ski areas and industry suppliers and provides government and media relations as well as safety and risk management expertise to its membership
• Canadian Ski Guide Association (CSGA): founded in British Columbia, an organization that runs a training institute for professional guides, and a separate non-profit organization representing CSGA guide and operating members
• Commercial Bear Viewing Association of BC (CBVA):  promoters of best practices in sustainable viewing, training, and certification for guides, and advocating for land use practices.
• Destination mountain resorts:  large-scale mountain resorts where the draw is the resort itself; usually the resort offers all services needed in a tourism destination
• Dive Industry Association of BC: a marketing and advocacy organization protecting the interests of divers, dive shops, guides, dive instructors, and diving destinations in BC
• Guide Outfitters Association of BC (GOABC): established in 1966 to promote and preserve the interests of guide outfitters, who take hunters out into wildlife habitat; publishers of Mountain Hunter magazine
• Nature-based tourism: tourism activities where the motivator is immersion in the natural environment; the focus is often on wildlife and wilderness areas
• Off-road recreational vehicle (ORV): any vehicle designed to travel off of paved roads and on to trails and gravel roads, such as an ATV (all-terrain vehicle) or Jeep
• Outdoor recreation : recreational activities occurring outside; generally in undeveloped areas
• Outdoor Recreation Council of BC (ORC): a not-for-profit organization that promotes the benefits of outdoor recreation, represents the community to government and the general public, advocates and educates about responsible land use, provides a forum for exchanging information, and connects different outdoor recreation groups
• Recreation: activities undertaken for leisure and enjoyment
• Regional mountain resorts : small resorts where the focus is on outdoor recreation for the local communities; may also draw tourists
• Sea Kayak Guides Alliance of BC : representing more than 600 members in the commercial sea kayaking industry, providing operating standards, guide certification, advocacy, and government liaison services
• Western Canada Mountain Bike Tourism Association (MBTA): a not-for-profit organization working toward establishing BC, and Western Canada, as the world’s foremost mountain bike tourism destination
•  Wilderness Tourism Association (WTA): an organization that advocates for over 850 nature-based tourism operators in BC, placing a priority on protecting natural resources for continued enjoyment by visitors and residents alike
• Compare and contrast the terms recreation, outdoor recreation , and adventure tourism . How can we differentiate between each of these terms?
• Do you believe that ORV tourism operators should be considered nature-based tourism? Explain.
• What is the difference between a regional mountain resort and a destination mountain resort?
• Of the smaller subsectors of tourism economy discussed in this chapter, name three that are commonly found in small, rural communities. What is their significance to the local community?
• Name a well-known destination for mountain biking in BC. What is the attraction of that area?
• Why is backcountry skiing/snowboarding sometimes considered a risky activity? Explain. How can these risks be mitigated?
• List three industry organizations described in this chapter that represent outdoor tourism subsectors. What general services do they offer to those they represent?
• What unique advantages does BC offer for recreation, outdoor recreation, and adventure tourism?
• Review the section Trends and Issues. What suggestions would you give to the BC Government to support tourism in this subsector?

Case Study: The Wind Within

In late 2014, Destination British Columbia launched a video and set of corresponding marketing materials that sought to expand on the “Super, Natural” brand promise for the province.

Watch the video here:  “The Wild Within: British Columbia, Canada” : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNFrZNjs2ng

On your own or as part of a team, consider the following:

• What natural elements are being promoted?
• What recreational activities are featured in the video?
• Which industry groups or associations are needed to support these activities? Name at least five.
• What are the advantages of promoting BC’s natural elements as a pillar of marketing campaigns?
• What are the disadvantages? How might these be mitigated?

BC Adventure. (n.d.)  BC Adventure Planner .  Retrieved from: http://www.bcadventure.com/adventure/planner/quick.htm

BC Fishing Resorts and Outfitters Association. (n.d.). About BCFROA . Retrieved from: http://bcfroa.ca/about-bcfroa

BC Guest Ranchers Association. (n.d.).  Requirements .  Retrieved from: www.bcguestranches.com

BC Parks. (2012). 2011/2012 Statistics Report . [PDF] Retrieved from http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/research/statistic_report/statistic_report_2012.pdf

British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations. (2014). Off-Road Vehicle Act. Retrieved from: https://www.leg.bc.ca/40th2nd/1st_read/gov13-1.htm

British Columbia Ministry of Jobs, Tourism and Innovation. (2012). Gaining the edge: A five-year strategy for tourism in BC. [PDF]   Retrieved from: http://www.jtst.gov.bc.ca/tourismstrategy/documents/mjti_tourismstrategyreport_fnl.pdf

British Columbia River Outfitters Association. (n.d.). Provisions. [PDF] Retrieved from www.bcroa.com/sites/default/files/river_raft2002_revisedmanual.pdf

British Columbia Snowmobile Federation (n.d.). About BCSF . Retrieved from: http://bcsf.org

British Columbia Snowmobile Operators Association. (n.d.). About us – Snowmobile British Columbia. Retrieved from http://www.snowmobilebritishcolumbia.com/?page_id=450

Canadian Mountain Holidays. (n.d.). About us. Retrieved from: www.canadianmountainholidays.com/about-us.aspx

Canadian Tourism Commission. (2007). TAMS 2006-Canadian activity profile: Wildlife viewing while on trips . [PDF] Retrieved from: http://en-corporate.canada.travel/sites/default/files/pdf/Research/Product-knowledge/TAMS/Canadian%20Travellers%20Outdoor%20Activity/CDN_Wildlife_Viewing_en.pdf

Canadian Tourism Commission. (2012). Sport fishing and game hunting in Canada: An assessment on the potential international tourism opportunity. [PDF] Retrieved from: http://en-corporate.canada.travel/sites/default/files/pdf/Research/Product-knowledge/Product-research/07082013_the_hunting_landscape_rev1.pdf

Cross Country BC. (n.d.). About us. Retrieved from: http://www.crosscountrybc.ca/about

Destination BC. (2014a). Bear viewing. Retrieved from: www.hellobc.com/british-columbia/things-to-do/parks-wildlife/bear-watching.aspx

Destination BC. (2014b). Biking. Retrieved from: www.hellobc.com/british-columbia/things-to-do/outdoor-activities/biking.aspx

Destination BC. (2014c). Golfing. Retrieved from: http://www.hellobc.com/british-columbia/things-to-do/outdoor-activities/golf.aspx

Destination BC. (2014d). Whale watching. Retrieved from: www.hellobc.com/vancouver-island/things-to-do/parks-wildlife/whale-watching.aspx

Destination BC. (n.d.) River rafting British Columbia . Retrieved from http://www.hellobc.com/british-columbia/things-to-do/water-activities/river-rafting.aspx

Dive Industry Association of BC. (n.d.). About us. Retrieved from: www.diveindustrybc.com

Education Scotland. (n.d.). Paddlesports. Retrieved from: http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/learningteachingandassessment/approaches/outdoorlearning/healthandsafety/guides/activityguidance/paddlesports.asp

Guide Outfitters Association of BC. (n.d.).  Economic contribution. Retrieved from: www.goabc.org/economic-contribution.aspx

HeliCat Canada. (n.d.). Our members.  Retrieved from: http://www.helicatcanada.com/our-members/heliskiing-members.html

Ivanova, I. (2004). Recreational diving in British Columbia survey report. [PDF] Retrieved from: http://www.destinationbc.ca/getattachment/Research/Research-by-Activity/Water-based/Recreational_Scuba_Diving_in_British_Columbia-sflb.pdf.aspx

Mitsui, E. (2013). Popularity of backcountry skiing worries some in industry. CBC News. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/popularity-of-backcountry-skiing-worries-some-in-industry-1.1313223

Outdoor Recreation Council of BC. (2014). About Us. Retrieved from: http://orcbc.ca/about_mission.htm

Porteus, S. (March 6, 2013). The growing business of the backcountry. BC Business. Retrieved from: www.bcbusiness.ca/tourism-culture/the-growing-business-of-the-backcountry

Selkirk Wilderness Skiing (n.d.). About us. Retrieved from: www.selkirkwilderness.com/about_us/

Strategic Networks, Inc. (2009). Economic impact for golf in Canada. [PDF] Retrieved from:  http://www.pgaofcanada.com/Userfiles/SNG_NAGA_Impact%20GolfCanada_2009_KeyFindings_EN_Issued%20Aug17_09(1).pdf

Tourism BC. (2005a). British Columbia River Outfitters report . Retrieved from: http://www.destinationbc.ca/Research/Research-by-Activity/Water-based.aspx#.VIYlbb4irzI

Tourism BC. (2005b). Characteristics of commercial nature-based tourism industry in British Columbia [PDF] . Retrieved from:  http://www.destinationbc.ca/getattachment/Research/Research-by-Activity/Land-based/Economic_Impacts_of_Commercial_Nature-Based_Tourism_Report-sflb.pdf.aspx

Tourism BC. (2007a). British Columbia’s sea kayaking sector 2005. [PDF] Retrieved from: http://www.destinationbc.ca/getattachment/Research/Research-by-Activity/All-Research-by-Activity/British-Columbia-s-Sea-Kayakers-Report-(2005),-Dec/British_Columbia_s_Sea_Kayakers_Report_2005-sflb.pdf.aspx

Tourism BC. (2007b). Travel activities and motivations of Canadian residents: An overview. [PDF] Retrieved from: http://www.destinationbc.ca/getattachment/Research/Travel-Motivations-(TAMS)/Canadian-Travel-Motivations/Canadian_TAMS_Overview_Report.pdf.aspx

Tourism BC. (2009a). Fishing product overview. Retrieved from: http://www.destinationbc.ca/getattachment/Research/Research-by-Activity/Water-based/Fishing_Sector_Profile.pdf.aspx

Tourism BC. (2009b). Golf sector profile [PDF] . Retrieved from: http://www.destinationbc.ca/getattachment/Research/Research-by-Activity/Land-based/Golf_Sector_Profile.pdf.aspx

Tourism BC. (2009c). Wildlife viewing product overview . [PDF] Retrieved from: http://www.destinationbc.ca/getattachment/Research/Research-by-Activity/Land-based/Wildlife_Viewing_Sector_Profile.pdf.aspx

Tourism BC. (2011a). Guest ranchers business survey 2008/2009. [PDF] Retrieved from:  http://www.destinationbc.ca/getattachment/Research/Research-by-Activity/All-Research-by-Activity/Guest-Ranchers-Business-Survey-2008-2009,-January/GuestRanchersReport2008_2009.pdf.aspx

Tourism BC. (2011b). Mountain bike tourism guide. Retrieved from: http://www.destinationbc.ca/Research/Research-by-Activity/Land-based.aspx#.VIYqOr4irzI

Tourism BC. (2011c). The value of mountain resorts to the British Columbia economy. [PDF] Retrieved from: http://www.destinationbc.ca/getattachment/Research/Research-by-Activity/All-Research-by-Activity/Value-of-Mountain-Resorts-to-the-British-Columbia/Value_of_Mountain_Resort_Properties_Phase_One_June-2012.pdf.aspx

Tourism BC. (2013). 2009/2010 Outdoor recreation study . [PDF] Retrieved from: http://www.destinationbc.ca/getattachment/Research/Research-by-Activity/All-Research-by-Activity/Outdoor-Recreation-Study-2009-2010,-January-2013/Outdoor-Recreation-for-Distribution-14Jan13-FINAL-DRAFT-(2).pdf.aspx

Tribe, J. (2011).  The economics of recreation, leisure, and tourism. 4th Edition. Oxford, England: Elsevier.

United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2014). Global report on adventure tourism. Retrieved from: http://affiliatemembers.unwto.org/publication/global-report-adventure-tourism

Webster, D. (2013). Adventure tourism operators and snowmobiles: Managing interactions. [PDF] Retrieved from: https://dspace.royalroads.ca/docs/bitstream/handle/10170/660/webster_donald.pdf?sequence=1

Western Canada Mountain Bike Tourism Association. (2006). Sea-to-sky mountain biking economic impact study . [PDF] Retrieved from:  http://www.mbta.ca/assets/pdfs/S2S_E_I_Study.pdf

Wilderness Tourism Association. (2005). Characteristics of the commercial nature-based Tourism industry in British Columbia . [PDF] Retrieved from http://www.wilderness-tourism.bc.ca/docs/Commercial_Nature-Based%20Tourism.pdf

Attributions

Figure 5.1   Up and over by Ruth Hartnup is used under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Figure 5.2   Row Your Boat by Matt Hosford is used under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Figure 5.3   Blackcomb by Jeff Wilcox is used under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Figure 5.4   Snowmobiling by Shazron is used under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Figure 5.5   Cyclists by Jason Sager is used under a CC-BY-SA 2.0 license.

Figure 5.6   A bear in Bute Inlet, BC by John Critchley is used under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Figure 5.7  Waiting in line by Ruth Hartnup is used under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Figure 5.8   Rafting Adventure in Squamish, BC by Raj Taneja is used under a CC-BY-NC 2.0 license.

Figure 5.9   Absolutely Nothing is Allowed Here by Vicki & Chuck Rogers is used under a CC-BY-NC-SA 2.0 license.

Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality in BC Copyright © 2015 by Don Webster is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Business Vs Leisure Travel: Knowing the Main Differences

Home » B2B » Business Vs Leisure Travel: Knowing the Main Differences

People travel for various reasons, like attending a family function, a job interview, a business meeting, seeking adventure, sightseeing, etc. We can broadly classify travelers into two groups. These are business travelers and leisure travelers. Tourist is a common term to describe people traveling for leisure. When comparing business vs leisure travel, one should know that the needs, objectives, and travel patterns of business and leisure travelers are radically different. Whether a leisure or business trip, the trip’s duration can range from less than 24 hours to a couple of months and everything in between. Leisure travel encompasses a broad spectrum of travel activities, including sports, entertainment, and recreation.

Who are leisure travelers?

Leisure travelers are people who travel for personal reasons such as vacations, marriages, etc. They can be divided into various groups such as family travelers, solo travelers, couples and more. The itinerary is highly flexible as individuals can take their own decisions without obligations of fulfilling a role.

Difference between business travel and leisure travel

There is a big difference between business vs leisure travel. The former is carried out with a clear purpose of performing business related activities while leisure travel is done for relaxation and fun. However, there are numerous other differences. We can understand the differences between business vs leisure travel using the following main travel parameters:

1. Purpose of travel

Business travel involves traveling from one’s hometown or headquarters to one or more destinations and staying in hotel accommodations while there to meet clients and other business contacts before returning. The business traveler has a specific purpose, like sales, networking, customer service, project work, training, or conference participation. The purpose of leisure travel is to visit tourist destinations for a vacation. It mainly focuses on recreation and sightseeing. Adventure tourism is also part of leisure travel. People plan leisure travel with family or friends to escape the monotonous routine.

2. Flexibility in time and location

Business travelers have relatively limited flexibility when choosing a hotel or destination for business travel. It is because they need to adhere to a rigid schedule of meetings, appointments, and trade events. Business travelers most often book accommodations near the city center and therefore have a limited choice of accommodations. As business meeting schedules depend upon the availability and convenience of clients, business trips are not flexible in terms of timing. There is no seasonality in business travel, as employees travel on business throughout the year.

Since leisure travel involves recreation, adventure, and entertainment, destinations differ from business travel. They usually head to tourist locations like beaches and resorts rather than cities. The ideal time to travel for leisure is on weekends or vacations. Travel for leisure offers greater flexibility in terms of travel times and accommodations, as tourists do not have to follow strict schedules.

3. Travel cost considerations

Cost considerations are common in business and leisure travel. However, business travel involves a focus on returns on travel expenses. It makes business travel less price sensitive. Companies may allow employees to book business travel with some flexibility for cost consideration in the interest of employee travel experience.

Several studies confirm over 6 out of 10 leisure travelers are price sensitive, as there is no monetary gain from their travel, unlike business travel. Many leisure travelers do not mind postponing their travel plans for better deals on transportation and accommodation. They look for affordable tour packages that include groups of tourists for better cost-effectiveness.

4. Connectivity requirements

Connectivity is crucial for business travel as it helps ensure seamless communications with the office, clients, and line managers. Easy access to high-speed internet is necessary to hold online meetings and access a company’s online ERP system for reporting. Business travelers spend more time away from their near ones and need connectivity to stay in touch. They prefer booking hotels offering round-the-clock access to quality Wi-Fi connectivity. Leisure travel focuses on getting away from the routine, so connectivity is not crucial. Leisure travelers need internet access to book travel and explore tourist destinations online. They may not pay extra to get Wi-Fi facilities in hotels.

5. Hotel amenities

Hotel amenities differ according to whether you are traveling on business or for leisure. Business travelers need essential amenities that support their work and comfort. A work desk, access to a mini meeting room, a fitness center, and plenty of food choices are some amenities a business traveler may need. The hotel room should have sufficient charging points as a business traveler uses several gadgets like a laptop, smartphone, power bank, iPad, and Bluetooth headphones that demand frequent charging.

Leisure travelers look for extras or package deals to improve their travel experience. For leisure travelers, entertainment and recreation facilities are essential. They prefer staying in hotels close to tourist destinations rather than city centers. Amenities for leisure travelers should support family entertainment and relaxation. Spas, swimming pools, good sightseeing places, markets, massage parlors, and pubs are more relevant for leisure travelers.

The travel industry represents the fifth largest industry sector that ranks first by the size of employment across all industry verticals. Business and leisure travel are two main categories that boost the growth of the global travel industry. One must consider the focus of travel to understand the principal differences between business vs leisure travel. Productivity is the focus of corporate travel . Travel managers strive to enhance the travel experience of employees to enhance productivity by booking convenient transportation and comfortable accommodation. Leisure travel focuses on relaxation, fun, entertainment, and recreation. Most leisure travelers opt for economical tour packages, that include travel and accommodation, besides other activities like sightseeing. Additionally, corporate travelers can use Paxes to book the best flights and hotels for their next trip.

Business Vs Leisure Travel FAQs

What is the main difference between business and leisure travel.

Business travel involves working, while leisure travel is purely for relaxation.

Which travel category combines business and leisure?

Bleisure travel is the blend of business and leisure travel.

What is the share of business travel in international travel?

Business travel accounts for 9 percent of international travel.

What are the main activities of leisure travel?

Sightseeing, relaxing, enjoying exotic destinations, eating at popular restaurants, swimming, and spending quality time with family or friends are a few leisure travel activities.

Who bears the cost of business travel?

Organizations pay for business travel for their employees or consultants. Entrepreneurs bear the expenses of their business travel.

What is business leisure travel called?

Business leisure travel is known as Bleisure Travel

What is an example of business travel?

A salesperson traveling to meet potential client for the business is an example of business travel.

What are the benefits of business travel?

Business travel helps in building relationships, conducting businesses, and creating awareness for the brand.

What is leisure in travel?

When individuals conduct travel for relaxations and enjoyment, it is called leisure travel.

Pratyush is a traveling enthusiast who always looks for innovations in business travel management. He has 5 years of experience writing content on corporate travel management and working closely with expert business travel facilitators.

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Leisure, tourism

• Living reference work entry
• Later version available View entry history
• First Online: 01 January 2015
• Cite this living reference work entry

• Garry Chick 3 , 4  

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Like many social science concepts based on terms from natural languages, leisure can be considered with regard to its definition and its meaning. Scholars are concerned with the former, inasmuch as a clear and precise definition of a concept is necessary for proper study of it. They are also interested in the meaning of leisure but usually in terms of understanding how members of particular social or cultural groups experience it.

With respect to the definition of leisure, scholars commonly regard it as having three qualities, each necessary but none sufficient to fully characterize it. First, leisure requires time that is relatively unobligated and where freedom of choice is available. Second, certain kinds of activities, usually without external reward but intrinsically pleasurable, are commonly associated with leisure. These include play, games, sport, resting, participating in festivals or the arts, watching television, or engaging in other forms of social and individual...

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Chan, N., H. Xiao, C. Chau, and H. Ma 2012 The Meaning of Leisure for Residents in Hong Kong. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management 21:311-329.

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Chick, G., R. Makopondo, and W. Winneshiek 2013 Lexicons of Leisure: An Ethnographic Approach to Representations of Leisure in Three Cultures. Unpublished Manuscript: Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University.

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Chick, G., and S. Shen 2011 Leisure and Cultural Complexity. Cross-Cultural Research 45:59-81.

Ito, E., G. Walker, and H. Liang 2014 A Systematic Review of Non-Western and Cross-Cultural/National Leisure Research. Journal of Leisure Research 46:226-239.

Liu, H., C. Yeh, G. Chick, and H. Zinn 2008 An Exploration of the Meanings of Leisure: A Chinese Perspective. Leisure Sciences 30:482-488.

Nawijn, J., O. Mitas, Y. Lin, and D. Kerstetter 2012 How Do We Feel on Vacation? A Closer Look at How Emotions Change over the Course of a Trip. Journal of Travel Research 52:265-274.

Paris, C., G. Musa, and T. Thirumoorthi 2014 A Comparison between Asian and Australasia Backpackers using Cultural Consensus Analysis. Current Issues in Tourism doi:10.1080/13683500.2014.920771.

Purrington, A., and B. Hickerson 2013 Leisure as a Cross-Cultural Concept. World Leisure Journal 55:125-137.

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Shaw, S. 1985 The Meaning of Leisure in Everyday Life. Leisure Sciences 7:1-23.

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The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA

Garry Chick

Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management, 701 C Donald H. Ford Building, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

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School of Hospitality Leadership, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin, USA

Jafar Jafari

School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR

Honggen Xiao

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© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Chick, G. (2014). Leisure, tourism. In: Jafari, J., Xiao, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Tourism. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_317-1

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_317-1

Received : 15 September 2014

Accepted : 15 September 2014

Published : 19 September 2015

Publisher Name : Springer, Cham

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_317-2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_317-1

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What Is Recreational Tourism?

By Michael Ferguson

Recreational tourism is a type of travel that focuses on leisure activities and entertainment. It involves exploring new destinations, trying out new experiences, and relaxing in beautiful surroundings. Recreational tourism has become increasingly popular in recent years as people seek to escape the stresses of modern life and enjoy some downtime.

What Does Recreational Tourism Involve?

Recreational tourism can involve a wide range of activities, depending on the interests and preferences of the traveler. Some common recreational activities include:

• Sightseeing

These activities can be enjoyed individually or as part of a group. Many recreational tourists prefer to travel with friends or family members who share their interests.

Benefits of Recreational Tourism:

Recreational tourism has many benefits for travelers. For one, it provides an opportunity to disconnect from daily routines and recharge both physically and mentally. It can also help individuals gain new perspectives on life, learn new skills, and make lasting memories with loved ones.

In addition to personal benefits, recreational tourism can also have positive impacts on local communities. By supporting local businesses such as restaurants, hotels, and tour companies, recreational tourists help stimulate economic growth in these areas.

Challenges of Recreational Tourism:

Despite its many benefits, recreational tourism also poses some challenges. One major issue is overtourism – when destinations become overcrowded with tourists during peak seasons. This can lead to environmental damage, strain on infrastructure, and decreased quality of life for locals.

Another challenge is the impact of recreational tourism on wildlife habitats. Activities such as hiking or camping can disrupt natural ecosystems if not properly managed.

Conclusion:

9 Related Question Answers Found

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Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, Zvenigorod

• #Suburbs of Moscow

The Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery is an Orthodox monastery of the Moscow Diocese. The monastery is located on the Storozha Mount, at the confluence of the Storozhka River into the Moskva River, two kilometers west of the town of Zvenigorod, Moscow Region.

Historians say that Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich gave Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery status of the first monastery of Russia, and only then the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra and the Trinity- St. Sergius Monastery received the same status.

The monastery was founded in 1398 by monk Savva, a disciple of St. Sergius of Radonezh, at the instance and with the support of the Zvenigorod Prince Yuri Dimitrievich. At first, there was built a wooden church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. For his privacy, Sawa dug a cave,  where he spent time in prayer. At first, the area of the monastery was small, but over time the number of monks increased, and the territory of the monastery increased significantly. In the XV-XVII centuries, the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery executed as a military outpost in the west of the Moscow Principality. 

The monastery was a favorite place of prayer for many Russian tsars. It was in particular visited by Ivan IV the Terrible, his wife Anastasia Romanovna, and their son Theodore Ivanovich. During the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the monastery became a suburban royal residence. There were built the palace of the sovereign and the tsar’s chambers. At the same time, the monastery was surrounded by stone walls. The churches of the monastery were painted by the painters of the Kremlin Armory.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, the Russian shrines — the Vladimir and Iberian Icons of the Mother of God — were taken from the monastery for public prayer for the protection of the Russian land. The monastery, occupied by the French, was not ransacked: according to a legend, St. Savva appeared before the French commander Eugene de Beauharnais and told him not to touch the monastery.

In 1919, the monastery was closed. In 1941, during the evacuation, a unique 35-ton Great Bell pictured on the arms of Zvenigorod was destroyed. According to witnesses, the sound of the bell went even to Moscow. At the beginning of the XXI century, the bell was replaced by the equally massive one. Today the monastery numbers 50 residents. Over the last years, the iconostasis of the XVII century and frescoes were restored.

The architectural ensemble of the monastery consists of the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin, the refectory complex with a belfry, the Top of the Gate Tower Church of the Trinity, Tsarina's Chambers, the Monks’ house, the residential building of religious schools, the Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the Observation deck, the Fence with towers and Cells of the XIX century. The architectural complex of the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery is typical for Russian architecture of the middle and the 2nd half of the XVII century. Remaking of the heritage of the Old Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, and Western European architecture, the emergence of new forms and effective compositions of buildings, a variety of decorative ornaments, and borrowing of techniques from folk wooden architecture are the characteristic features of Russian architecture of that time, embodied in the architecture of the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery.

• New Jerusalem Monastery read
• Nikolo-Ugreshsky Monastery read
• The Transfiguration Church in Ostrov read
• The Volokolamsk Kremlin read

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