travel pro nathnac

Protecting the health of the British traveller

• About NaTHNaC

Choose from our websites and some key resources below to learn more.

TravelHealthPro

Travel health information aimed at healthcare professionals advising travellers, and people travelling overseas from the UK including news, factsheets, outbreak reports and country information.

Yellow Fever Zone

Clinical and administrative resources for healthcare professionals and other staff running or managing a Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre (YFVC). Also find out how to apply to become a YFVC.

Telephone advice line for health professionals

Health professionals advising travellers with complex itineraries or specialist health needs can call weekdays to speak to one of NaTHNaC’s specialist travel health nurses. Find opening hours, contact number and more details.

NaTHNaC Training Portal

Health professionals can access booking information for online and classroom training in yellow fever vaccination, get guidance on how to gain experience in travel medicine and view a listing of forthcoming travel health courses.

Yellow fever vaccination centre search

Search by location or postcode to find a centre offering yellow fever vaccination in England, Wales or Northern Ireland. YFVCs generally also offer a wider travel health service. Search also Scotland, Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.

Outbreak Surveillance

Information on disease outbreaks and incidents worldwide from a wide variety of sources, and can be used along with the Country Information section of TravelHealthPro.

We were set up by the Department of Health in 2002 with the broad aim of Protecting the Health of British Travellers . We seek to improve the quality of travel health advice given by GP practices, travel clinics, pharmacies and other healthcare providers, and provide up to date and reliable information for the international traveller, travel industry and national government.

We are commissioned by UK Health Security Agency and hosted by University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH) ; we also work in partnership with our other network founders Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) , London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases (HTD) .

Health professionals and travellers seeking health information ahead of travel should visit our website: travelhealthpro.org.uk .

Our main goals

• To develop national guidance on travel health for health professionals advising the public.
• To advise on specific situations and circumstances that could affect the health of British travellers.
• To identify and report on disease outbreaks and other health hazards worldwide.
• To share our information and expertise widely.
• To keep a register of, monitor and train Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres (YFVCs) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
• To collaborate with organisations, particularly in the travel and insurance industries, and in the NHS and government, which share our aim of Protecting the Health of British Travellers.
• To train health professionals to provide best quality, evidence-based trave health advice and services.
• To initiate research, collect and analyse data to enable us to achieve our goals.

Annual reports

• NaTHNaC Annual report 2022-2023
• NaTHNaC Annual report 2021-2022
• NaTHNaC Annual report 2020-2021
• NaTHNaC Annual report 2019-2020
• NaTHNaC Annual report 2018-2019

Dr Dipti Patel OBE Director

Dr Vanessa Field Deputy Director

Administration Team

Masum Miah Operations Manager

Linda Pang YFVC Support

Sheena Ryan Business Support

Terence Corrigan Online Communications

Information

Sanch Kanagarajah Senior Information Analyst

Samia Richards-Zoubir Analyst for Travel Health

Dr Yasvita Gupta Intern Analyst for Travel Health

Clinical Team

Dr Lisa Ford (Liverpool) Clinical Advisor

Dr Catherine Smith Consultant

Dr Natalia Rodriguez-Valero Honorary Clinical Fellow

Dr Kirsten MacGregor Speciality Registrar

Hilary Simons (Liverpool) Senior Specialist Nurse (Travel Health)

Lynda Bramham Specialist Nurse (Travel Health)

Mary Gawthrop Specialist Nurse (Travel Health)

Alexandra Stillwell Specialist Nurse (Travel Health)

Rose Tucker Specialist Nurse (Travel Health)

Rachael Fletcher Specialist Nurse (Travel Health)

NaTHNaC has offices in London and Liverpool.

Membership of the Technical Advisory Group

Dr Nick Beeching Clinical Director, Tropical & Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool Hospitals; Senior Lecturer in Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Dr Mike Brown Infection Division Clinical Director, University College London Hospitals (UCLH); Senior Lecturer in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Kevin Dyer Senior Business Development Manager, UK Health Security Agency Dr Vanessa Field Deputy Director, NaTHNaC Prof James G. Logan Head of Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Dr Nicky Longley Consultant Physician and Clinical Lead in Travel Medicine, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals Prof Dilys Morgan MBE Chair of NaTHNaC Technical Advisory Group Dr Dipti Patel OBE Director, NaTHNaC Prof Bertie Squire Professor of Tropical Medicine and Dean of Clinical Sciences and International Public Health at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Dr Fiona Yung Divisional Manager Clinical Support Services, Pathology, Infection , Camden MSK, University College London Hospitals

Our partners

NaTHNaC was founded in 2002 by the Department of Health and is now commissioned by UK Health Security Agency. We work in partnership with our network founders.

UK HEALTH SECURITY AGENCY

THE HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES

LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE

LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON HOSPITALS NHS FOUNDATION TRUST

• COUNTRY INFORMATION
• LATEST NEWS
• OUTBREAK SURVEILLANCE
• TOPICS IN BRIEF
• FACTSHEETS & RESOURCES
• WORLD OVERVIEW

Welcome to TravelHealthPro

Find travel health advice for destinations worldwide and a wealth of useful resources for travellers and health professionals providing travel health services in the UK. See our introduction to TravelHealthPro video here.

Latest News

Icc men's t20 cricket world cup 2024.

Tournament in June 2024 will be co-hosted in the West Indies and the USA

Travelling to Germany for Euro 2024?

Travel health advice for fans going to the 2024 Euros

Global risk of measles: travel reminder

All travellers are advised to be up to date with measles vaccination

Japanese encephalitis vaccine out of stock: advice for travellers and health professionals

Important advice on Japanese encephalitis vaccine shortage for health professionals

Cholera: worldwide risk reminder

A reminder of the risks of cholera worldwide and the importance of good food, water and personal hygiene for all travellers

Management and reporting of adverse events

Information on management and reporting of suspected adverse events or inadvertent administration following YF vaccination

Check the recommendations for your destination

• Featured  News and Factsheets
• Latest Outbreaks

Global dengue risk reminder

Dengue is a virus spread by mosquitoes found in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide, including parts of Europe

Health professionals: ICVP printing issue – action required

A batch of the 2024 International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis has a printing error

UKHSA publishes 2022 and 2023 UK malaria cases in returned travellers

Malaria risk reminder for travellers and health professionals as UK Health Security Agency confirm 2022 and 2023 imported UK malaria cases in England, Wales and Northern Ireland

‘Getting to grips with tick-borne encephalitis’ webinar video available

The recording of the tick-borne encephalitis webinar on 28 March 2024 now added to TravelHealthPro

Polio: Public Health Emergency of International Concern

An update on the polio Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

Yellow fever update

Yellow fever cases continue to be reported in Africa and South America

Qdenga® dengue vaccine guidance

Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) deliberations on Qdenga® vaccine now available

Yellow fever pre-vaccination checklist updated

Updates to the pre-vaccination checklist have been made in line with the new 'green book' yellow fever chapter

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Spain

On 27 April 2024, the Castile and León Ministry of Health reported a confirmed case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Salamanca.

Mpox in DRC

Between 1 January and 6 April 2024, a total of 5,133 suspected cases of Mpox including 321 deaths were reported from 19 provinces. This is an increase compared to the same period in 2023 when 2,332 suspected cases and 109 deaths were reported.

Cholera in Mayotte

As of 29 April 2024, a total of 29 cholera cases have been reported by the authorities in Mayotte for 2024. Cholera is rare in travellers, a vaccine is available for those who are at increased risk.

Yellow fever in Brazil

On 28 April 2024, Brazil's Ministry of Health issued a yellow fever alert reporting the detection of four yellow fever cases, with three deaths, over a period of six months. The two most recent cases were reported in February and March 2024. In addition, an imported case (ex Guyana) was detected in February 2024.

Cholera in Brazil

On 19 April 2024, the first locally acquired cholera ( Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa) case in Brazil since 2005 was confirmed. A resident of Salvador, presented with symptoms in March 2024 with no history of travel to risk countries or contact with suspected or confirmed cases. Cholera is rare in travellers, a vaccine is available for those who are at increased risk.

Lassa fever in Nigeria

As of 22 April 2024, 5,669 suspected, 832 confirmed and 17 probable cases, including 152 deaths, have been reported. In total for 2024, 27 states have recorded at least 1 confirmed case across 126 Local Government Areas.

Shigellosis in Belgium, Germany, Ireland & Netherlands

On 9 April 2024, 31 cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Shigella sonnei infections were reported in Belgium since January 2024. On 12 April 2024, cases were also reported from Germany (2), Ireland (2), and the Netherlands (1). All of the cases had links to a music festival in Belgium.

Botox reaction in USA

As of 12 April 2024, a total of 19 people from nine states have reported harmful reactions after receiving botulinum toxin injections from unlicensed or untrained individuals or in non-healthcare settings, such as homes and spas. Nine people have been admitted to hospital.

Cholera in Comoros

As of 14 April 2024, a total of 1,484 cholera cases, with 38 deaths (representing a 2.5% case mortality rate) have been reported since this cholera outbreak was declared on 2 February 2024. The three islands have reported cases, with most from Anjouan island.

Rabies in Timor-Leste

As of 22 March 2024, one fatal human case of rabies was confirmed in Pasabe Subregion, Oecusse. This is the first confirmed human case of rabies in Timor-Leste.

Advice Line for health professionals

020 7383 7474.

Monday to Friday 09:00 – 11:00

Monday 13:00 – 14:00 Tuesday 13:00 – 15:30 Wednesday 14:30 – 17:00 Thursday 13:00 – 15:30 Friday 13:00 – 14:00

Subscribe to our News Alerts and Newsletter

Enter your email address to subscribe and manage the news you receive from us.

Preferences

The Yellow Fever Zone

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A short introduction to using the TravelHealthPro website for travellers and health professionals .

FEEDBACK SURVEY

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UK Health Security Agency

Hospital for Tropical Diseases

Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

Introducing Marshall Islands

About marshall islands.

• Images of Marshall Islands
• History, language & culture
• Weather & geography

Plan your trip

• Travel to Marshall Islands
• Where to stay

While you’re there

• Things to see & do
• Shopping & nightlife
• Food & drink
• Public Holidays
• Getting around

Pacific Islands Of Micronesia: Key Info

• Passport & visa
• Money & duty free

Book your flights

Marshall Islands travel guide

The Marshall Islands form a nation of scattered atolls and remote islands, which are known for their marine life and diving opportunities. Many of the atolls are dotted with Flame of the Forest, hibiscus and different-coloured plumeria flowers. There are also at least 160 species of coral surrounding the islands. The atolls are noted for their coconut and papaya plantations and for pandanus and breadfruit trees.

The Marshallese are an interesting bunch. Apart from being a skilled seafaring people who know fishing and navigating as well as anyone, they're a thoroughly multicultural bunch. After two millennia of being isolated, the islands began to be settled and colonised from the 18th century by a wave of successive visitors and occupiers, from British and Russians, to Germans, Japanese and Americans.

The most modern atolls bear the marks of all the above, with diverse restaurants and cuisine on offer. The capital of Majuro Atoll leans towards the Western, being relatively developed though still pretty laid-back. The real tropical wonders are the outer islands, which for the most part are immaculate freckles of paradise, though some have witnessed the horrors of nuclear testing.

The Marshall Islands are undoubtedly a diving hotspot, with many enthusiasts skipping the capital altogether and heading for a spot of nature diving at Rongelap. Diving among wrecks from World War II is also popular, though perhaps the main diving attraction is Bikini Island. You may have heard of Bikini. From or near here, some 23 nuclear devices were detonated in tests by the US in the reef, inside the atoll, by air and even underwater. Divers can go on guided tours to explore the history of nuclear testing, while UNESCO has declared Bikini a World Heritage Site for the fact the remaining, direct tangible evidence of nuclear testing. Leased to the US military, Kwajalein Atoll remains in use for missile testing.

181.4 sq km (70 sq miles).

53,069 (UN estimate 2016).

398.8 per sq km.

Republic in free association with the USA.

President Hilda C. Heine since 2024.

Travel Advice

Before you travel.

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide and any specific travel advice that applies to you:

• women travellers
• disabled travellers

LGBT+ travellers

• solo and independent travel
• volunteering and adventure travel

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance . Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ( FCDO ) provides advice about risks of travel to help British nationals make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice .

Follow and contact FCDO travel on Twitter , Facebook and Instagram . You can also sign up to get email notifications when this advice is updated.

This advice reflects the UK government’s understanding of current rules for people travelling on a full ‘British citizen’ passport from the UK, for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in the Marshall Islands set and enforce entry rules. If you’re not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Marshall Islands Office of Commerce, Investment and Tourism or the Marshall Islands Visitors Authority (MIVA):

Email: [email protected] Phone: +692 625 6482 Fax: +692 625 6771

COVID-19 rules

There are no COVID-19 testing or vaccination requirements for travellers entering the Marshall Islands.

Passport validity requirements

To enter the Marshall Islands, your passport must have an ‘expiry date’ at least 6 months after the date you arrive and one blank page for an entry stamp.  

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

Visa requirements

You must have a visa to enter the Marshall Islands.

If you are visiting, you will get a visa on arrival. To work or study, you must apply before you travel.

Applying for a visa

To apply for a visa, contact Marshall Islands Office of Commerce, Investment and Tourism or the Marshall Islands Visitors Authority (MIVA) before you travel:

Travelling through a US territory

If you’re travelling through a US territory to reach the Marshall Islands, you must apply for an Electronic System for Travel Authorisation (ESTA). See USA travel advice .

Airport tax

You must pay a departure tax of 20 US dollars in cash at the airport.

Vaccine requirements

For details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro’s Marshall Islands guide .

Proof of MMR vaccination for children   

To enter the Marshall Islands, you must show proof children aged 4 and under have had the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. For details, see the Ministry of Health and Human Services .

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into or out of the Marshall Islands. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

Duty-free allowances for travellers aged 18 and over include:

• 2 half-cartons of cigarettes
• 2 litres of liquor
• 8 ounces of chewing tobacco

You must get certification from the Quarantine Division if you bring:

It is illegal to export coral and turtle shell.

It is illegal to import firearms, ammunition and drugs.

Taking money into the Marshall Islands  

You must declare cash in any currency worth more than 10,000 US dollars.

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.    

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad .

Terrorism in the Marshall Islands

Although there’s no recent history of terrorism in the Marshall Islands, attacks cannot be ruled out.   

Crime rates are low in the Marshall Islands, but there is a risk of petty crime, including break-ins and non-violent theft. Take the same precautions you would in the UK to protect your belongings.

Laws and cultural differences

Illegal drugs penalties.

There are severe penalties for all drug offences, including long prison sentences and heavy fines. 

Same-sex relationships are legal in the Marshall Islands.

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers .

Using a mobile phone

Your UK mobile phone will not work in the Marshall Islands. International roaming is not available. You can buy a Marshall Islands SIM card when you arrive.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism

Water safety.

Wear a life jacket for canoeing, kayaking or fishing. Follow your dive centre’s safety advice when scuba diving and take local advice before swimming or snorkelling.

See water safety on holiday from the Royal Life Saving Society.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

There is a risk of cyclones, floods and severe drought in the Marshall Islands, although they are rare.

Cyclone season is normally from November to April, but cyclones can happen throughout the year. Severe weather may cause flooding, landslides and disruption to essential services and infrastructure.

Monitor local and international weather updates from the World Meteorological Organization and follow instructions issued by the local authorities.

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards .

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Call 625 4142 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance company quickly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Health risks and recommended vaccines

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for the Marshall Islands
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you’ll face in the Marshall Islands , including:

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro .

The NHS has information on whether you can take your medicine abroad .

Healthcare facilities in the Marshall Islands

Medical facilities are very limited. Make sure you have comprehensive travel insurance which covers all medical costs, including medical evacuation. Bring sufficient supplies of prescription medicines with you.

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health . There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro .

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ( FCDO ) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in the Marshall Islands

Ambulance: 625 4142  

Police: 625 8666

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans , including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• getting help if you’re a  victim of crime
• what to do if you’re  in hospital
• if you’re affected by a crisis , such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO

Follow and contact FCDO travel on Twitter , Facebook and Instagram . You can also sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.

You can also contact FCDO online .

Help abroad in an emergency

If you are in the Marshall Islands and you need emergency help from the UK government, contact the British High Commission in Suva, Fiji , who provide consular assistance for the Marshall Islands.

FCDO in London

You can call FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)

Find out about call charges

Book a Hotel

© Columbus Travel Media Ltd. All rights reserved 2024

• COUNTRY INFORMATION
• LATEST NEWS
• OUTBREAK SURVEILLANCE
• TOPICS IN BRIEF
• FACTSHEETS & RESOURCES
• WORLD OVERVIEW

Welcome to TravelHealthPro

Find travel health advice for destinations worldwide and a wealth of useful resources for travellers and health professionals providing travel health services in the UK. See our introduction to TravelHealthPro video here.

Latest News

Icc men's t20 cricket world cup 2024.

Tournament in June 2024 will be co-hosted in the West Indies and the USA

Travelling to Germany for Euro 2024?

Travel health advice for fans going to the 2024 Euros

Global risk of measles: travel reminder

All travellers are advised to be up to date with measles vaccination

Japanese encephalitis vaccine out of stock: advice for travellers and health professionals

Important advice on Japanese encephalitis vaccine shortage for health professionals

Cholera: worldwide risk reminder

A reminder of the risks of cholera worldwide and the importance of good food, water and personal hygiene for all travellers

Management and reporting of adverse events

Information on management and reporting of suspected adverse events or inadvertent administration following YF vaccination

Check the recommendations for your destination

• Featured  News and Factsheets
• Latest Outbreaks

Global dengue risk reminder

Dengue is a virus spread by mosquitoes found in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide, including parts of Europe

Health professionals: ICVP printing issue – action required

A batch of the 2024 International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis has a printing error

UKHSA publishes 2022 and 2023 UK malaria cases in returned travellers

Malaria risk reminder for travellers and health professionals as UK Health Security Agency confirm 2022 and 2023 imported UK malaria cases in England, Wales and Northern Ireland

‘Getting to grips with tick-borne encephalitis’ webinar video available

The recording of the tick-borne encephalitis webinar on 28 March 2024 now added to TravelHealthPro

Polio: Public Health Emergency of International Concern

An update on the polio Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

Yellow fever update

Yellow fever cases continue to be reported in Africa and South America

Qdenga® dengue vaccine guidance

Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) deliberations on Qdenga® vaccine now available

Yellow fever pre-vaccination checklist updated

Updates to the pre-vaccination checklist have been made in line with the new 'green book' yellow fever chapter

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Spain

On 27 April 2024, the Castile and León Ministry of Health reported a confirmed case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Salamanca.

Mpox in DRC

Between 1 January and 6 April 2024, a total of 5,133 suspected cases of Mpox including 321 deaths were reported from 19 provinces. This is an increase compared to the same period in 2023 when 2,332 suspected cases and 109 deaths were reported.

Cholera in Mayotte

As of 29 April 2024, a total of 29 cholera cases have been reported by the authorities in Mayotte for 2024. Cholera is rare in travellers, a vaccine is available for those who are at increased risk.

Yellow fever in Brazil

On 28 April 2024, Brazil's Ministry of Health issued a yellow fever alert reporting the detection of four yellow fever cases, with three deaths, over a period of six months. The two most recent cases were reported in February and March 2024. In addition, an imported case (ex Guyana) was detected in February 2024.

Cholera in Brazil

On 19 April 2024, the first locally acquired cholera ( Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa) case in Brazil since 2005 was confirmed. A resident of Salvador, presented with symptoms in March 2024 with no history of travel to risk countries or contact with suspected or confirmed cases. Cholera is rare in travellers, a vaccine is available for those who are at increased risk.

Lassa fever in Nigeria

As of 22 April 2024, 5,669 suspected, 832 confirmed and 17 probable cases, including 152 deaths, have been reported. In total for 2024, 27 states have recorded at least 1 confirmed case across 126 Local Government Areas.

Shigellosis in Belgium, Germany, Ireland & Netherlands

On 9 April 2024, 31 cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Shigella sonnei infections were reported in Belgium since January 2024. On 12 April 2024, cases were also reported from Germany (2), Ireland (2), and the Netherlands (1). All of the cases had links to a music festival in Belgium.

Botox reaction in USA

As of 12 April 2024, a total of 19 people from nine states have reported harmful reactions after receiving botulinum toxin injections from unlicensed or untrained individuals or in non-healthcare settings, such as homes and spas. Nine people have been admitted to hospital.

Cholera in Comoros

As of 14 April 2024, a total of 1,484 cholera cases, with 38 deaths (representing a 2.5% case mortality rate) have been reported since this cholera outbreak was declared on 2 February 2024. The three islands have reported cases, with most from Anjouan island.

Rabies in Timor-Leste

As of 22 March 2024, one fatal human case of rabies was confirmed in Pasabe Subregion, Oecusse. This is the first confirmed human case of rabies in Timor-Leste.

Advice Line for health professionals

020 7383 7474.

Monday to Friday 09:00 – 11:00

Monday 13:00 – 14:00 Tuesday 13:00 – 15:30 Wednesday 14:30 – 17:00 Thursday 13:00 – 15:30 Friday 13:00 – 14:00

Subscribe to our News Alerts and Newsletter

Enter your email address to subscribe and manage the news you receive from us.

Preferences

The Yellow Fever Zone

Get TravelHealthPro on your site

A short introduction to using the TravelHealthPro website for travellers and health professionals .

FEEDBACK SURVEY

Personal information:, successfully submitted .

UK Health Security Agency

Hospital for Tropical Diseases

Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

• COUNTRY INFORMATION
• LATEST NEWS
• OUTBREAK SURVEILLANCE
• TOPICS IN BRIEF
• FACTSHEETS & RESOURCES
• WORLD OVERVIEW

Capital City: Bangkok

Official Languages: Thai

Monetary Unit: baht (THB)

• General Information
• Vaccine Recommendations
• Other Risks

TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS ARE IN PLACE FOR THIS COUNTRY

There are entry requirements for anyone who plans to travel to England from this country. Please check here for further information. Advice may vary in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

The information on these pages should be used to research health risks and to inform the pre-travel consultation.

Due to COVID-19, travel advice is subject to rapid change. Countries may change entry requirements and close their borders at very short notice. Travellers must ensure they check current Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) travel advice in addition to the FCDO specific country page (where available) which provides additional information on travel restrictions and entry requirements in addition to safety and security advice.

Travellers should ideally arrange an appointment with their health professional at least four to six weeks before travel. However, even if time is short, an appointment is still worthwhile. This appointment provides an opportunity to assess health risks taking into account a number of factors including destination, medical history, and planned activities. For those with pre-existing health problems, an earlier appointment is recommended.

All travellers should ensure they have adequate travel health insurance .

A list of useful resources including advice on how to reduce the risk of certain health problems is available below.

• Food and water hygiene
• Insect and tick bite avoidance
• Personal safety
• Sexually transmitted infections
• Sun protection

Details of vaccination recommendations and requirements are provided below.

All travellers

Travellers should be up to date with routine vaccination courses and boosters as recommended in the UK . These vaccinations include for example measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and diphtheria-tetanus-polio vaccine.

Country-specific diphtheria recommendations are not provided here. Diphtheria tetanus and polio are combined in a single vaccine in the UK. Therefore, when a tetanus booster is recommended for travellers, diphtheria vaccine is also given. Should there be an outbreak of diphtheria in a country, diphtheria vaccination guidance will be provided.

Those who may be at increased risk of an infectious disease due to their work, lifestyle choice, or certain underlying health problems should be up to date with additional recommended vaccines. See the individual chapters of the 'Green Book' Immunisation against infectious disease for further details.

Certificate requirements

Please read the information below carefully, as certificate requirements may be relevant to certain travellers only. For travellers further details, if required, should be sought from their healthcare professional

• There is no risk of yellow fever in this country, however, there is a certificate requirement.
• Under International Health Regulations, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
• According to World Health Organization (WHO), from 11 July 2016 (for all countries), the yellow fever certificate will be valid for the duration of the life of the person vaccinated. As a consequence, a valid certificate, presented by arriving travellers, cannot be rejected on the grounds that more than ten years have passed since the date vaccination became effective as stated on the certificate; and that boosters or revaccination cannot be required.
• View the WHO list of countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Most travellers

The vaccines in this section are recommended for most travellers visiting this country. Information on these vaccines can be found by clicking on the blue arrow. Vaccines are listed alphabetically.

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is a viral infection transmitted through contaminated food and water or by direct contact with an infectious person. Symptoms are often mild or absent in young children, but the disease can be more serious with advancing age. Recovery can vary from weeks to months. Following hepatitis A infection immunity is lifelong.

All travellers should take care with personal, food and water hygiene.

Hepatitis A vaccination

As hepatitis A vaccine is well tolerated and affords long-lasting protection, it is recommended for all previously unvaccinated travellers.

Hepatitis A in brief

Tetanus is caused by a toxin released from Clostridium tetani bacteria and occurs worldwide. Tetanus bacteria are present in soil and manure and may be introduced through open wounds such as a puncture wound, burn or scratch.

Travellers should thoroughly clean all wounds and seek medical attention for injuries such as animal bites/scratches, burns or wounds contaminated with soil.

Tetanus vaccination

• Travellers should have completed a tetanus vaccination course according to the UK schedule.
• If travelling to a country or area where medical facilities may be limited, a booster dose of a tetanus-containing vaccine is recommended if the last dose was more than ten years ago even if five doses of vaccine have been given previously.

Country-specific information on medical facilities may be found in the 'health' section of the FCDO foreign travel advice pages.

Tetanus in brief

Some travellers.

The vaccines in this section are recommended for some travellers visiting this country. Information on when these vaccines should be considered can be found by clicking on the arrow. Vaccines are listed alphabetically.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a viral infection; it is transmitted by exposure to infected blood or body fluids. This mostly occurs during sexual contact or as a result of blood-to-blood contact (for example from contaminated equipment during medical and dental procedures, tattooing or body piercing procedures, and sharing of intravenous needles). Mothers with the virus can also transmit the infection to their baby during childbirth.

Hepatitis B in Thailand

2% or more of the population are known or thought to be persistently infected with the hepatitis B virus (intermediate/high prevalence).

Travellers should avoid contact with blood or body fluids. This includes:

• avoiding unprotected sexual intercourse.
• avoiding tattooing, piercing, public shaving, and acupuncture (unless sterile equipment is used).
• not sharing needles or other injection equipment.
• following universal precautions if working in a medical/dental/high risk setting.

A sterile medical equipment kit may be helpful when travelling to resource poor areas.

Hepatitis B vaccination

Vaccination could be considered for all travellers, and is recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk including:

• those who may have unprotected sex.
• those who may be exposed to contaminated needles through injecting drug use.
• those who may be exposed to blood or body fluids through their work (e.g. health workers).
• those who may be exposed to contaminated needles as a result of having medical or dental care e.g. those with pre-existing medical conditions and those travelling for medical care abroad including those intending to receive renal dialysis overseas.
• long-stay travellers.
• those who are participating in contact sports.
• families adopting children from this country.

Hepatitis B in brief

Japanese encephalitis.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. These mosquitoes usually bite between dusk and dawn, mainly in rural areas; especially where there are rice fields, swamps and marshes. Mosquitoes become infected by biting JE infected animals (particularly pigs) or birds.

Travellers are at increased risk of infection when visiting rural areas. Short trips (usually less than a month) especially if only travelling to urban areas, are considered lower risk.

Japanese encephalitis in Thailand

JE occurs countrywide, with year-round transmission, except in northern regions, where it occurs May to October. Cases may be reported outside these months. 

All travellers should avoid mosquito bites particularly between dusk and dawn.

Japanese encephalitis vaccination

• Vaccination is recommended for those whose activities put them at increased risk (see above).
• Vaccination could be considered for those on shorter trips if the risk is considered to be sufficient e.g. those spending time in areas where the mosquito breeds such as rice fields, marshlands, or pig farming areas.

Japanese encephalitis in brief

Rabies is a viral infection which is usually transmitted following contact with the saliva of an infected animal most often via a bite, scratch or lick to an open wound or mucous membrane (such as on the eye, nose or mouth). Although many different animals can transmit the virus, most cases follow a bite or scratch from an infected dog. In some parts of the world, bats are an important source of infection.

Rabies symptoms can take some time to develop, but when they do, the condition is almost always fatal.

The risk of exposure is increased by certain activities and length of stay (see below). Children are at increased risk as they are less likely to avoid contact with animals and to report a bite, scratch or lick.

Rabies in Thailand

Rabies is considered a risk and has been reported in domestic animals in this country. Bats may also carry rabies-like viruses.

• Travellers should avoid contact with all animals. Rabies is preventable with prompt post-exposure treatment.
• Following a possible exposure, wounds should be thoroughly cleansed and an urgent local medical assessment sought, even if the wound appears trivial.
• Post-exposure treatment and advice should be in accordance with  national guidelines.

Rabies vaccination

A full course of pre-exposure vaccines simplifies and shortens the course of post-exposure treatment and removes the need for rabies immunoglobulin which is in short supply world-wide.

Pre-exposure vaccinations are recommended for travellers whose activities put them at increased risk including:

• those at risk due to their work (e.g. laboratory staff working with the virus, those working with animals or health workers who may be caring for infected patients).
• those travelling to areas where access to post-exposure treatment and medical care is limited.
• those planning higher risk activities such as running or cycling.
• long-stay travellers (more than one month).

Rabies in brief

Tuberculosis.

TB is a bacterial infection most commonly affecting the lungs but can affect any part of the body. When a person with TB in their lungs or throat coughs or sneezes they could pass TB on to other people. TB is curable but can be serious if not treated.

The BCG vaccination helps to protect some people, particularly babies and young children who are at increased risk from TB.

Tuberculosis in Thailand

This country has reported an annual TB incidence of greater than or equal to 40 cases per 100,000 population at least once in the last five years ( further details ).

Travellers should avoid close contact with individuals known to have infectious pulmonary (lung) or laryngeal (throat) TB.

Those at risk during their work (such as healthcare workers) should take appropriate infection control and prevention precautions.

Tuberculosis (BCG) vaccination

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk of developing severe disease and/or of exposure to TB infection. See UK Health Security Agency Immunisation against infectious disease, the 'Green Book '.

For travellers, BCG vaccine is recommended for:

• unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live for more than 3 months in this country. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to vaccination for all children from 6 years of age and may be recommended for some younger children.
• unvaccinated, tuberculin skin test-negative individuals at risk due to their work such as healthcare or laboratory workers who have direct contact with TB patients or potentially infectious clinical material and vets and abattoir workers who handle animal material, which could be infected with TB.

There are specific contraindications to BCG vaccine. Health professionals must be trained and assessed as competent to administer this vaccine intradermally.

Following administration, no further vaccines should be administered in the same limb for 3 months.

The BCG vaccine is given once only, booster doses are not recommended.

Tuberculosis in brief

Typhoid is a bacterial infection transmitted through contaminated food and water. Previous typhoid illness may only partially protect against re-infection.

Travellers who will have access to safe food and water are likely to be at low risk. Those at increased risk include travellers visiting friends and relatives, frequent or long-stay travellers to areas where sanitation and food hygiene are likely to be poor, and laboratory personnel who may handle the bacteria for their work.

Typhoid in Thailand

Typhoid fever is known or presumed to occur in this country.

Typhoid vaccination

• Vaccination could be considered for those whose activities put them at increased risk (see above).
• Oral and injectable typhoid vaccinations are available.

Typhoid in brief

Malaria is a serious illness caused by infection of red blood cells with a parasite called Plasmodium. The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes which predominantly feed between dusk and dawn.

Symptoms usually begin with a fever (high temperature) of 38°C (100°F) or more. Other symptoms may include feeling cold and shivery, headache, nausea, vomiting and aching muscles. Symptoms may appear between eight days and one year after the infected mosquito bite.

Prompt diagnosis and treatment is required as people with malaria can deteriorate quickly. Those at higher risk of malaria, or of severe complications from malaria, include pregnant women, infants and young children, the elderly, travellers who do not have a functioning spleen and those visiting friends and relatives.

Travellers should follow an ABCD guide to preventing malaria:

A wareness of the risk – Risk depends on the specific location, season of travel, length of stay, activities and type of accommodation.

B ite prevention – Travellers should take mosquito bite avoidance measures.

C hemoprophylaxis – Travellers should take antimalarials (malaria prevention tablets) if appropriate for the area (see below). No antimalarials are 100% effective but taking them in combination with mosquito bite avoidance measures will give substantial protection against malaria.

D iagnosis – Travellers who develop a fever of 38°C [100°F] or higher more than one week after being in a malaria risk area, or who develop any symptoms suggestive of malaria within a year of return should seek immediate medical care. Emergency standby treatment may be considered for those going to remote areas with limited access to medical attention.

• There is mefloquine resistance in Thailand.
• There is a low risk of malaria in the rural, forested borders of Thailand with Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar: awareness of risk and bite avoidance recommended.
• There is a very low risk of malaria in the remaining areas of Thailand including Kanchanaburi (Kwai Bridge): awareness of risk and bite avoidance recommended.
• There is no risk of malaria in the cities of Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Koh Phangan, Koh Samui, and Pattaya: bite avoidance recommended.

Special risk groups

In low risk areas, antimalarials may be considered in exceptional circumstances for travellers who are at higher risk of malaria (such as long term travellers visiting friends and relatives), or of severe complications from malaria (such as the elderly [over 70 years], the immunosuppressed, those with complex co-morbidities, pregnant women, infants and young children). The final decision whether or not to advise antimalarials rests with the travel health advisor and the traveller after individual risk assessment.

Travellers with an absent or poorly functioning spleen should be dissuaded from travel to any area with risk of malaria. Where travel is essential, awareness, rigorous bite avoidance and antimalarials should be advised even for the low risk areas. For the areas regarded as ‘very low’ malaria risk, antimalarials would not be advised, but bite avoidance and awareness of risk would still apply.

For special risk groups, you may wish to seek specialist advice. For the low risk areas in this country/area atovaquone/proguanil OR doxycycline would be suitable options.

Antimalarial recommendations map

• Click on map to open in a new window
• Malaria in brief
• Malaria factsheet
• Children's antimalarial dose table
• Malaria prevention guidelines for travellers from the UK

There are some risks that are relevant to all travellers regardless of destination. These may for example include road traffic and other accidents, diseases transmitted by contaminated food and water, sexually transmitted infections, or health issues related to the heat or cold.

Some additional risks (which may be present in all or part of this country) are mentioned below and are presented alphabetically. Select risk to expand information.

There is a risk of altitude illness when travelling to destinations of 2,500 metres (8,200 feet) or higher. Important risk factors are the altitude gained, rate of ascent and sleeping altitude. Rapid ascent without a period of acclimatisation puts a traveller at increased risk.

There are three syndromes; acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral oedema (HACE) and high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE). HACE and HAPE require immediate descent and medical treatment.

Altitude illness in Thailand

There is a point of elevation in this country higher than 2,500 metres.

• Travellers should spend a few days at an altitude below 3,000m.
• Where possible travellers should avoid travel from altitudes less than 1,200m to altitudes greater than 3,500m in a single day.
• Ascent above 3,000m should be gradual. Travellers should avoid increasing sleeping elevation by more than 500m per day and ensure a rest day (at the same altitude) every three or four days.
• Acetazolamide can be used to assist with acclimatisation, but should not replace gradual ascent.
• Travellers who develop symptoms of AMS (headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and sleep disturbance) should avoid further ascent. In the absence of improvement or with progression of symptoms the first response should be to descend.
• Development of HACE or HAPE symptoms requires immediate descent and emergency medical treatment.

Altitude illness in brief

Biting insects or ticks.

Insect or tick bites can cause irritation and infections of the skin at the site of a bite. They can also spread certain diseases.

Diseases in South-eastern Asia

There is a risk of insect or tick-borne diseases in some areas of South eastern Asia. This includes diseases such as Chikungunya , leishmaniasis and scrub typhus.

• All travellers should avoid insect and tick bites day and night.
• There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent these diseases.

Further information about specific insect or tick-borne diseases for this country can be found, if appropriate on this page, in other sections of the country information pages and the insect and tick bite avoidance factsheet .

Dengue is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes which mainly feed during daytime hours. It causes a flu-like illness, which can occasionally develop into a more serious life-threatening illness. Severe dengue is rare in travellers.

The mosquitoes that spread dengue are more common in towns, cities and surrounding areas.

Dengue in Thailand

There is a risk of dengue in this country.

• Travellers should avoid mosquito bites particularly during daytime hours.
• A dengue vaccine is licensed in the UK for the prevention of dengue disease in individuals from 4 years of age. The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) and World Health Organization are in the process of reviewing the product information. Recommendations on the use of this vaccine will be published in due course.

Dengue in brief

Seasonal influenza is a viral infection of the respiratory tract and spreads easily from person to person via respiratory droplets when coughing and sneezing. Symptoms appear rapidly and include fever, muscle aches, headache, malaise (feeling unwell), cough, sore throat and a runny nose. In healthy individuals, symptoms improve without treatment within two to seven days. Severe illness is more common in those aged 65 years or over, those under 2 years of age, or those who have underlying medical conditions that increase their risk for complications of influenza.

Seasonal influenza in Thailand

Seasonal influenza occurs throughout the world. In the northern hemisphere (including the UK), most influenza occurs from as early as October through to March. In the southern hemisphere, influenza mostly occurs between April and September. In the tropics, influenza can occur throughout the year.

All travellers should:

• Avoid close contact with symptomatic individuals
• Avoid crowded conditions where possible
• Wash their hands frequently
• Practise ‘cough hygiene’: sneezing or coughing into a tissue and promptly discarding it safely, and washing their hands
• Avoid travel if unwell with influenza-like symptoms
• A vaccine is available in certain circumstances (see below)*

*In the UK, seasonal influenza vaccine is offered routinely each year to those at higher risk of developing of severe disease following influenza infection, and certain additional groups such as healthcare workers and children as part of the UK national schedule (see information on vaccination ). For those who do not fall into these groups, vaccination may be available privately.

If individuals at higher risk of severe disease following influenza infection are travelling to a country when influenza is likely to be circulating they should ensure they received a flu vaccination in the previous 12 months.

The vaccine used in the UK protects against the strains predicted to occur during the winter months of the northern hemisphere. It is not possible to obtain vaccine for the southern hemisphere in the UK, but the vaccine used during the UK influenza season should still provide important protection against strains likely to occur during the southern hemisphere influenza season, and in the tropics.

Avian influenza

Avian influenza viruses can rarely infect and cause disease in humans. Such cases are usually associated with close exposure to infected bird or animal populations. Where appropriate, information on these will be available in the outbreaks and news sections of the relevant country pages. Seasonal influenza vaccines will not provide protection against avian influenza.

Avian influenza in brief

Outdoor air quality.

Poor air quality is a significant public health problem in many parts of the world. Exposure to high levels of air pollution over short time periods (e.g. minutes/hours/days) and longer time periods (e.g. years) is linked to many different acute and chronic health problems. These effects are mainly on the respiratory (lungs and airways) and cardiovascular (heart function and blood circulation) systems.

Current information on world air quality is available from the world air quality index project .

Travellers with health problems that might make them more vulnerable to the effects of air pollution who are travelling to areas of high pollution should:

• discuss their travel plans with their doctor, and carry adequate supplies of their regular medication.
• take sensible precautions to minimise their exposure to high levels of air pollution.
• check local air quality data and amend their activities accordingly.
• take notice of any health advisories published by the local Ministry of Health and Department for Environment, and follow the guidance provided.

It is unclear if face masks are beneficial at reducing exposure and may make breathing more difficult for those with pre-existing lung conditions. Those who choose to use one should make sure that the mask fits well and know how to wear it properly.

Outdoor air quality in brief

Schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection. Schistosoma larvae are released from infected freshwater snails and can penetrate intact human skin following contact with contaminated freshwater. Travellers may be exposed during activities such as wading, swimming, bathing or washing clothes in freshwater streams, rivers or lakes.

Schistosomiasis infection may cause no symptoms, but early symptoms can include a rash and itchy skin ('swimmer's itch'), fever, chills, cough, or muscle aches. If not treated, it can cause serious long term health problems such as intestinal or bladder disease.

Schistosomiasis in Thailand

Cases of schistosomiasis have previously been reported from this country. There is a very low risk of schistosomiasis in this country.

• There is no vaccine or tablets to prevent schistosomiasis.
• All travellers should avoid wading, swimming, or bathing in fresh water. Swimming in adequately chlorinated water or sea water is not a risk for schistosomiasis.
• Drink water that is boiled, filtered or bottled.
• Application of insect repellent before exposure to fresh water, or towel drying after possible exposure to schistosomiasis are not reliable in preventing infection.
• If you have concerns about your risk discuss with your health care provider.

Schistosomiasis in brief

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes which predominantly feed during daytime hours. A small number of cases of sexual transmission of ZIKV have also been reported. Most people infected with ZIKV have no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they are usually mild and short-lived. Serious complications and deaths are not common. However, ZIKV is a cause of Congenital Zika Syndrome (microcephaly and other congenital anomalies) and neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Zika virus in Thailand

There is a risk of Zika virus in this country. Details of specific affected areas within this country are not available, but information on current outbreaks where available will be reported on our outbreak surveillance database.

Pregnant women should discuss the suitability of travel and the potential risk that Zika virus may present with their health care provider.

• All travellers should avoid mosquito bites particularly during daytime hours.
• There is no vaccination or medication to prevent Zika virus infection.
• Women should avoid becoming pregnant while travelling in this country, and for 2 months (8 weeks) after their last possible Zika virus exposure* (see below if male partner has travelled).
• If a woman develops symptoms compatible with Zika virus infection, it is recommended she avoids becoming pregnant for a further 2 months following recovery.
• Women who visited this country while pregnant, or who become pregnant within 2 months after their last possible Zika virus exposure*, should contact their GP, obstetrician or midwife for further advice, even if they have not been unwell.

Please note screening of returning travellers without Zika virus symptoms is not available on the NHS. Couples planning pregnancy in the very near future should consider whether they should avoid travel to a country or area with risk of Zika virus, rather than delay conception for the recommended period (see below) after travel. This particularly includes couples in assisted fertility programmes.

Prevention of sexual transmission

Couples should follow guidance on prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus and avoid conception as follows:

• If both partners travelled, for 3 months after last possible Zika virus exposure*
• Male traveller only, for 3 months after last possible Zika virus exposure*
• Female traveller only, for 2 months after last possible Zika virus exposure*

See further information for pregnant women, their partners and couples planning pregnancy .

*Last possible Zika virus exposure is defined as the later of either the date of leaving a country or area with risk for Zika virus transmission, or the date on which unprotected sexual contact with a potentially infectious partner took place.

See detailed guidance on factors to consider when assessing the risk of Zika virus.

Zika virus in brief

COVID-19 disease is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV2. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are a new continuous cough, a high temperature, and a loss of, or change in, normal sense of taste or smell. Symptoms range from mild to life-threatening. Older people and  those with underlying health problems  are more likely to develop severe disease.

COVID-19 is spread through close contact with people who have the virus. It is mainly transmitted from person to person by breathing in droplets produced when someone infected with the virus breathes, speaks, coughs or sneezes. It is also spread by touching the infected droplets on surfaces, then touching the eyes, nose or mouth.

COVID-19 vaccines provide high levels of protection against severe illness, hospitalisation, or dying from the virus. Vaccination against COVID-19 reduces, but does not eliminate the risk of infection, so social distancing and personal and respiratory hygiene remain important interventions, particularly during overseas travel.

Travellers should always check the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) travel advice and their  country-specific pages  for the latest COVID-19 travel advisories which may include information on travel restrictions, quarantine, COVID-19 testing or vaccination requirements. This includes considering the recommendations and requirements for any transit countries.

Travellers should be aware that COVID-19 case numbers in individual countries/areas can increase rapidly, and healthcare capacity and country requirements can change at short notice.

COVID-19 in Thailand

Most countries worldwide present a risk of exposure to COVID-19. The risk of COVID-19, public health policy, and travel advice or restrictions may change quickly, therefore travellers should ensure they have access to up to date information on COVID-19 and be prepared for rapid changes in guidance both before and during travel.

All travellers should check the FCDO travel advice and carefully consider their personal situation and risks of COVID-19 before travel to this country. This is particularly important in those at higher risk from COVID-19 who may wish to seek medical advice before travel.

Individuals entering or returning to the UK may be required to follow additional  UK border measures .

If travelling to this country, travellers should:

• Consider the risk at all destinations including any transit countries, and the risk during travel itself.
• Check with the airline/tour operator about preventive measures in place to reduce risk during travel.
• Follow the latest guidance on social distancing and face coverings, including any local requirements and maintain good hand, respiratory, and personal hygiene at all times. This may be particularly important if staying with friends and family.
• Ensure they are up to date with their COVID-19 vaccination courses and boosters as recommended in the UK vaccination programme.

See  guidance on factors to consider when assessing the risk of COVID-19 for travellers .

If travellers develop COVID-19 symptoms while abroad, they should:

• Follow local guidelines on self-isolation, testing and avoiding travel.
• Contact their travel insurance provider.
• Seek medical advice if needed.

COVID-19 in brief

Country Focus: Thailand

Visiting Thailand

Changes to the Country Information pages: Zika

UK Health Security Agency and NaTHNaC have reviewed and updated country-specific Zika information and prevention advice

Malaria: a reminder for travellers over the winter holiday season

Advice for travellers and health professionals about malaria

Changes to the Country Information pages: Hepatitis A vaccine recommendations

NaTHNaC has reviewed and updated the hepatitis A country-specific information and vaccine recommendations

Using information collated from a variety of sources, we regularly review and update information on overseas disease outbreaks and other health issues that may affect the UK traveller.

Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported ; some diseases may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers.

Further information on the Outbreak Surveillance section.

Zika in Thailand

On 22 February 2024, the Ministry of Public Health, Thailand has reported a total of 73 Zika virus cases and no deaths across 19 provinces in Thailand in 2024.

Foreign travel advice

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