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• Passports, travel and living abroad
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Warnings and insurance

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ( FCDO ) provides advice about risks of travel to help British nationals make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice .

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide and any specific travel advice that applies to you:

• women travellers
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Follow and contact FCDO travel on Twitter , Facebook and Instagram . You can also sign up to get email notifications when this advice is updated.

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance . Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

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Health advice for travel abroad

Peer reviewed by Dr Colin Tidy, MRCGP Last updated by Dr Toni Hazell Last updated 10 Feb 2023

Meets Patient’s editorial guidelines

In this series: Travelling to remote locations Ears and flying Jet lag Motion sickness Altitude sickness

Travelling abroad means encountering unfamiliar places and situations which may carry unexpected risks. Good planning and risk assessment allow us to anticipate and avoid many possible difficulties. This leaflet considers preparation for travel, aspects of personal safety, and health when travelling. It points to sources of information and advice to help in planning.

In this article :

Research and planning, personal safety when travelling abroad, special groups of travellers, and finally.

Continue reading below

Country information

In these days of adventure travel, when it can seem as though travelling to somewhere unusual, remote or simply very different is a commonplace event, it is easy to forget the dangers and importance of being informed and prepared.

Read more about travelling to remote locations .

It is always advisable to know about the places you are travelling to, particularly if they are unfamiliar and even more so if you have never travelled there before. There are many sources of specific advice on the countries you are visiting.

Consider checking the UK government's Foreign Travel Advice by Country, which will update you if there are specific issues which might affect your safety in the countries you are visiting. Watch the news, pay attention and give yourself the opportunity to be aware of the things which might affect your decision to travel. Remember that if the UK government issues a travel warning regarding a particular country or area of the world, this may invalidate your travel insurance. Check, additionally, the CIA's World Factbook, which offers a slightly different view with information on history, people, government and transportation.

Travel insurance is an important part of your trip. Insurance protects your possessions and travel arrangements, but also your health. Accidents and illnesses happen everywhere, including overseas. The cost of medical treatment can be very high. An uninsured patient may struggle to find treatment without paying upfront. The cost of medical repatriation, if needed, can be extremely high.

Adventure tourism and sports

Make sure that your insurance covers the type of holiday you are taking. Make sure that you understand the limitations of your policy.

Some insurers will not cover high-altitude trekking holidays, for example. These travellers are strongly advised to obtain specialist insurance which includes helicopter evacuation.

Most insurers charge an extra premium for dangerous activities, including winter sports.

Many insurers will not cover travellers to any area if the Foreign Office has advised against travel there.

Your insurer may also decline to cover you if you deliberately put yourself in harm's way by taking unusual risks without informing them. For example, a policy which covers scuba diving may only cover you to a certain depth and not below.

Medical conditions

Your insurer must be fully informed of any pre-existing medical issues which might invalidate your policy if not notified:

Remember that if your doctor advises you against travelling on medical grounds then it is likely that your insurance, even if already in place, will become invalid.

Global Health Insurance Card (formerly European Health Insurance Card)

If travelling to Europe make sure you have a GHIC card. These may be applied for through the GOV.UK website (see 'Further Reading and References' below), and are free. The GHIC card is the post-Brexit version of the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), which itself replaced the E111 form.

It will not cover any private medical healthcare or costs, such as mountain rescue in ski resorts, repatriation to the UK, or lost property.

It is also not valid on cruises.

It is therefore important to have both a GHIC and a valid travel insurance policy in place before you travel.

Some insurers now insist you hold a GHIC and many will waive the excess if you have one.

If you need urgent health help during a visit to Europe, dial 112. The European emergency number is valid in all EU/EEA member states and is free of charge.

Reciprocal health agreements

Some non-European countries also offer 'reciprocal' health treatment for UK visitors. This means that if you're visiting any of these countries and need urgent or immediate medical treatment, it will be provided at a reduced cost or, in some cases, free. The range of medical services may be more restricted than under the NHS.

A list of reciprocal agreements, by country, is available on the GOV.UK website (see 'Further Reading and References' below).

Personal documents

Obtain passports and visas well in advance. You may be refused permission to travel at the airport if you don't have the right documentation and visas. Keep a copy of the front page of your passport at home in case of loss. Check the requirements of the country that you are visiting - some will not accept a passport which is more than 10 years old, even if it has not yet expired, and some need you to have a passport which is valid for at least six months after you leave the country.

It can be useful to take some passport photographs with you for unexpected visas and other permits. Some national parks, for example, will require a photo permit for entry.

Consider how you will obtain cash at your destination. Advise your bank of your travel plans and keep access to more than one way of accessing money overseas, in case you lose a card or a card fails to work. Keep a record of your credit card numbers, passport number, driving licence number and the 'stop' numbers for lost credit cards and phones.

Patient picks for Travel advice

Travelling to remote locations

Accidental injury.

The greatest risk to travellers is not of tropical diseases, dangerous animals or high-risk sport, but of death on the road. Worldwide, road accidents are the most frequent cause of death amongst travellers. Less-developed countries typically have much higher rates of road deaths and injuries compared with their richer counterparts. Therefore, the more adventurous your travel plans, the more danger you are likely to face on the roads. This problem is compounded by the fact that poorer countries usually have less quantity and quality in their hospital and ambulance services too. Any badly injured person who cannot be transported rapidly to an adequate hospital is more likely to die. You can minimise the risks of driving abroad in several ways:

Always wear a seatbelt (or a helmet if on a bike).

Never drive under the influence of alcohol. In many countries driving with any blood alcohol present at all is illegal.

Rent cars from reputable car companies which regularly service their vehicles.

Check the tyres, lights and brakes yourself.

Make yourself aware of the rules of the road in the country you are in.

Consider whether there is an alternative to driving yourself, particularly if conditions are very unfamiliar.

Avoid hiring motorbikes and mopeds, which are statistically associated with a higher incidence of personal injury and death.

Lock the doors of your car when driving, particularly after dark.

Alcohol and drugs

Consider your personal safety when using substances that can impair your judgement and common sense.

Use alcohol in moderation only and never use it when driving.

Remember that the effects of alcohol may be more marked if you are lacking in fluid in the body (dehydrated) and you may drink more than you intended to.

Drink water, rather than alcohol, for thirst.

Don't swim if you've been drinking alcohol.

Avoid illicit drugs. Even if you are not breaking the law, you may be stepping outside your comfort zone and ability to take care of yourself. Don't make yourself vulnerable.

Most crime is minor and opportunistic; however, it occurs worldwide. Some destinations have a higher risk of violent crime and sexual assault than others. Be sensible and plan ahead. Be vigilant regarding personal security.

Try not to stand out as a potential target.

Consider whether wearing valuable or visible jewellery may be inappropriate for your destination.

Keep your cash hidden and try to carry some low-denomination notes.

Use only licensed taxis and don't share them with strangers.

Be cautious with alcohol and don't leave drinks where they can be tampered with.

Look as though you know where you're going.

Keep your credit card in sight when using it to pay and ask for the printed receipt.

Stay aware of your surroundings.

Don't commit a crime yourself, either deliberately or through ignorance of the law. Obey the law in countries that you visit; respect dress codes and traditions.

Don't buy or use illegal drugs. Most countries take a very strong view on travellers carrying illegal drugs.

Don't carry packages through customs for other people; pack your own luggage and don't leave it unattended.

Be aware that some countries prohibit the consumption of alcohol.

Be aware that flouting dress codes may break the law in some countries..

Climate and environmental hazards

Understand your destination and what you plan to do there. What risks will you face? There may be several aspects of your destination that are not only unfamiliar to you in everyday life but which also pose a risk. These include:

Remember that the sun can damage your skin at altitude, even in the absence of heat, in the shade and even when wearing sunscreen. See the separate leaflet called Sun and Sunburn for more details .

Observe sensible precautions when swimming:

Pay attention to local signs alerting you to dangerous tides or currents, or to dangerous marine animals, including jellyfish, snails and biting fish.

Watch children carefully: the sea is not like a swimming pool and it can be very easy to lose track of them.

Don't swim beyond your capabilities.

Don't swim when alone - particularly not in the sea.

Take care when diving - consider hidden rocks. Don't dive in harbours and off jetties. Beware of swimming where there are jet skiers or other vessels.

Don't swim immediately after a heavy meal.

Heat and humidity

These can cause a number of adverse effects, including prickly heat, fainting, cramps, swelling of hands and feet and heatstroke.

Risks are greater if undertaking strenuous activity in the heat of the day.

Heat exhaustion and heatstroke cause headache, dizziness, feeling sick (nauseated) and sweating and, as the condition gets worse, dry skin, collapse and confusion. Heatstroke is a life-threatening condition and needs urgent medical help. Patients need to be rested, given sufficient fluids (hydrated) and cooled.

Small children may just become quiet and listless.

Take suitable clothing to stay cool; avoid overexertion in the heat of the day. Remember to stay hydrated. Be aware of the dangers of overheating and don't overdo it. If trekking or backpacking, be particularly aware of the need for water, salt and energy replenishment. Whatever you are doing, stay hydrated and seek attention if you become unwell. See the separate leaflet called Sun and Sunburn for more details.

Sea - boats and boards Make sure that you know the rules of navigation and the waters that you are in. Understand the hazards, including dangers from marine animals and from other boats. If in charge of a motorboat, always wear the kill cord and make sure your crew members have the right flotation aids. Know how to use the radio and your flares.

Lakes and rivers Understand your environment. Some lakes and rivers may not be safe for swimming, due to the presence of freshwater parasites which can cause serious infections in human beings. Parasites are living things (organisms) that live within, or on, another organism.

Snow and ice Insurance is essential when taking part in winter sports, as mountain rescue services and helicopter evacuations in most countries are not free of charge. See the separate leaflet called Dealing with the Effects of Cold and the section providing advice for travelling to remote locations.

Altitude sickness If you are travelling to altitude, see separate sections dealing with altitude sickness and advice for travelling to remote locations for more details. Follow the guidance on how quickly to ascend and when to stop or go back down. In some cases it may be appropriate to consult a private travel clinic (not your GP) for an altitude sickness medication prescription to take with you.

Building standards Building construction in holiday destinations is not always as reliable as we expect it to be at home. Fire regulations may not be adhered to. Recent accidents abroad have highlighted risks of poorly maintained boilers, of dangerous balconies and of cloudy swimming pools:

If you have concerns about where you are staying, move to different accommodation.

Sleep with windows open and don't lean on balcony parapets.

Don't swim in cloudy swimming pools or trust poorly constructed safety barriers.

Check fire escapes and make sure that there is a way out and that you know what it is.

Extreme activities Many holidaymakers now seek the thrill of 'extreme' adventures, such as bungee jumping, swimming with sharks or paragliding. If taking part in these activities make sure that you feel happy with the way the operation is being run - ask yourself:

Do the guides seem sensible and experienced?

Are they paying attention to safety?

Do you feel comfortable that the activity is well organised?

If in doubt, go elsewhere.

Wildlife Make yourself aware of the wildlife hazards in the places you are visiting.

Large predatory animals may need particular precautions. Attacks are uncommon compared to other travel dangers and most are avoidable. In parts of the Northern USA, trekkers and campers should carry bear spray to ward off bear attacks. In parts of Australia, beaches are not safe for swimming, due to the presence of sharks and crocodiles. Large predators on African safari trips are a threat to life and limb if proper precautions are not observed.

Biting animals (including dogs, cats, bats, foxes and monkeys) may carry rabies (see below). If you are bitten, seek help. Consider whether you need rabies vaccination (generally recommended for those more likely to come into contact with local animals, including those travelling 'off the beaten track' for prolonged periods).

Venomous animals such as snakes and scorpions may pose a risk to health. Be aware of what you may encounter and know how to identify it. Never touch insects, caterpillars, spiders, snails or other animals you find on your path. It is best to assume that all snakes are both aggressive and venomous.

Whilst large or venomous animals pose the most dramatic wildlife risk to travellers, mosquitoes are a much greater threat to travellers' health. Take all possible precautions to minimise insect bites, including covering your skin and using insect repellent and mosquito nets. Use prevention (prophylaxis) against malaria and vaccination against yellow fever where appropriate (see under 'Health', below).

Remember also the dangers posed by marine life such as corals, jellyfish and octopuses.

Terrorism and civil unrest

Country-specific travel sites advise of specific dangers. However, in 2017 the range of countries where terrorism could possibly take place includes many places that UK travellers visit regularly (and of course terrorist attacks also occur in the UK). Also, the types of attacks we have seen were often impossible to predict.

Be alert to what is going on around you. Watch the news before you leave. Learn what you can about the country you are visiting.

The NHS Fit for Travel website (see under 'Further Reading and References' below) offers updated information, by country, on specific and general health issues which you might expect there.

Vaccinations

Make sure that you have all the vaccinations you need. Book an appointment with your GP or practice nurse three to six months ahead of your holiday in order to plan a programme of vaccination. Some vaccinations are given as a course of separate jabs and some cannot be given together. See the separate leaflet called Travel Vaccinations for more details . If your GP does not have the resources to offer the appointments that you need then you may need to attend a private travel clinic instead. These costs should be seen as a necessary part of the cost of travel.

Be aware of the risks of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism associated with air travel. Speak to a private travel doctor if you feel you may be at particular risk. Protective travel socks may be recommended and some patients are advised to take aspirin for travel.

If you have any doubts about whether you are fit to travel by air then speak to a private travel doctor. Your GP is very unlikely to be trained or insured to write a letter to say that you are fit to fly, and consultant assessment for this purpose is generally not available on the NHS. l. Some groups of people should not travel by air. These include:

Women more than 36 weeks pregnant.

Those with active communicable diseases, including tuberculosis, although the risk of transmission is generally low.

Those who have angina or chest pain at rest, or have had a recent heart attack (myocardial infarction) or stroke.

People with ear infections, or infection of the sinuses, nose and Eustachian tubes.

Those who have had recent surgery or injury where trapped air or gas may be present. For example, gastrointestinal surgery, face and eye injuries, brain surgery or eye operations.

People with severe chronic respiratory disease, or breathlessness at rest.

People with air trapped between the chest wall and the lung ( pneumothorax ).

Those who have sickle cell anaemia.

Those who have psychotic illness, except where fully controlled.

Try to minimise jet lag: get maximum sleep on the flight and drink all the water you can. Read more about jet lag .

if you are affected by travel sickness, take the precautions which usually help you. If using medication, make sure that you tolerate your medication well. Remember, however, that medicine that makes you appear sleepy or drunk may result in you not being allowed to travel. See separate section on dealing with motion (travel) sickness for more details.

Malaria prevention

Take all necessary precautions against malaria. It is a serious disease which can, at the very least, spoil your holiday and, at the very worst, be fatal. This includes medication to prevent malaria and protection against biting mosquitoes. It is very important to protect yourself, even if returning to a country where you have family or where you have previously lived. Immunity is not inherited and is only partially acquired by living there for a long time.

Garlic and citronella do not prevent mosquitoes from biting you. Cover your skin to avoid bites, especially after sunset when malarial mosquitoes bite. Use mosquito nets and insect repellent devices such as candles and coil burners.

Consult the NHS Fit for Travel website for up-to-date advice on the malaria regimen recommended for the countries you will be visiting. There is normally a choice of medication. Make sure that you can tolerate the medication you choose before you go. Remember that malaria prophylaxis does not offer absolute protection: minimising exposure to mosquito bites is also important. The risks of mosquito-borne disease are always greater where there is disease in the human population.

See the separate leaflet called Malaria Prevention for more details .

Water, and traveller's diarrhoea

In the UK we are accustomed to trusting the water that comes out of the tap. However, this isn't possible all over the world. Stream water and river water are not usually clean enough to drink, unless you are so high up a hill that it is certain that no people, cattle or other animals have been in the water above you.

Travellers who drink the contaminated water may find themselves exposed to the organisms that cause travellers' diarrhoea.

If you are not sure that you can trust the water in the countries you are visiting, obtain bottled water. Only drink this from a bottle if it was sealed when you purchased it. Alternatively, purify water yourself. Where bottled water is readily available, it may be a good idea to have a back-up system for purification. Purification is also more environmentally friendly than bottled water since the same bottle can be refilled.

If water needs to be purified for drinking then it should also be purified for brushing teeth.

The best ways to purify water are boiling, water purification tablets, ultraviolet devices or filtration using purpose-designed filters:

If boiling, a rolling boil for one minute is sufficient at normal altitudes (three minutes at altitudes above 2000 metres).

Water purification tablets are not palatable to everyone but are fast and effective.

Filtration is very effective, even for brackish or sandy water. Filters for sterilising water are usually sold by travel equipment shops. These filters must not be confused with those designed only to remove smells and chlorine from domestic water.

Battery-operated pen devices are easy to carry and can destroy bacteria, viruses and cryptosporidium parasite in clear water.

Diet and traveller's diarrhoea

It is important to find a middle ground between sampling local cuisine and avoiding 'traveller's tummy'. Be aware of the risks and apply commonsense when eating out. The most common causes of infection from food are salmonella , Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and norovirus . Others, including campylobacter and giardia are also common, particularly in the developing world.

Whilst these illnesses are acquired from contaminated food, cutlery or plates, they may also be acquired from elsewhere. For example, your fellow travellers, from local people and even from touching contaminated lavatory flushers or taps.

Take precautions around drinking water (see above). Don't have ice or ice cream in places where you wouldn't drink the tap water.

Cook it, wash it, peel it or forget it. Eat freshly cooked food and fruit that you can peel.

Avoid cold cooked meats, salad (which may have been washed in contaminated water), runny eggs and unpasteurised dairy products.

Think about fish. Do you trust the source? Is it really fresh? Shellfish can accumulate contaminants whilst in the sea. Shellfish may be better avoided in many places. Smaller fish tend to be safer than larger fish where there is any doubt.

Make sure hot food is thoroughly cooked and, ideally, not reheated. Be particularly wary of undercooked chicken or pork. In some developing countries food may not have been refrigerated. If you see evidence that food is left lying around uncovered where you are, take care.

Avoid unsealed mayonnaise, although sealed condiments are fine.

If purchasing from street vendors consider how the food has been kept and cooked.

Generally, busier restaurants have a better throughput of food and so it's more likely to be fresh.

it is easier, these days, for vegetarians and vegans to travel. However, the concept of what you are happy - or not happy - to eat may not be familiar wherever you go. This, combined with potential barriers of language, may make it difficult to obtain exactly what you want.

If you have special dietary needs, particularly food allergies, consider in advance whether the countries you are visiting will be able to meet them. If you are uncertain, you may need to take energy bars and other supplements with you, or purchase food at a local store.

It is difficult to avoid all hazards completely, particularly if you are travelling off the beaten track. Therefore, it is best, whilst taking the necessary precautions, to travel prepared. Take treatments for traveller's diarrhoea in your medical kit. See the separate leaflet called Traveller's Diarrhoea .

Infections and diseases

See individual leaflets on this website for specific illnesses and conditions. Some of these may be illnesses to which you are not normally exposed when at home, such as malaria and typhoid . Others are conditions which you can acquire anywhere, such as the common cold.

It is important to remind yourself that most travellers do not acquire serious illnesses abroad and that with sensible precautions you are also unlikely to do so. These include:

Make yourself aware of the risks of disease in the countries you are visiting: read the news, check country advice.

Have the recommended vaccinations.

Take the advised protective measures against malaria.

Protect yourself against insect bites.

Be careful where you swim, take local advice before swimming in fresh water.

Take care with diet and hygiene.

Take care when exposed to those who are infected (this is particularly important for aid workers - see below).

Avoid areas where there are disease outbreaks, civil unrest and natural disaster.

If the worst happens and you develop symptoms, seek medical advice early. Avoid self-medication unless there is really no alternative. Local experts are more likely than you are to know what your symptoms are most likely to represent.

If you develop an unexplained temperature within six months of returning home from a malarial region, tell your doctor or health professional. The risk of this being malaria or another 'tropical' disease declines considerably after the first month. However, it does not drop to almost zero until six months.

Bites and stings

Most bites and stings are a nuisance rather than a serious threat to health. However, there are exceptions to this. See the separate leaflet called Insect Bites and Stings . Protect yourself against insects: take an effective insect repellent (at least 20% DEET) and cover your arms and legs as much as possible to minimise biting.

Venomous bites . Make yourself aware of the biting animals that you could encounter on your travels. Find out what you should do if you are bitten. Don't panic - seek help urgently, as you may need antivenom or other supportive treatment. Remember that most venomous bites and stings are not lethal, as most are designed to disable smaller animals than you.

Infected bites . A bite is a 'dirty' puncture wound and even a tiny insect bite can become infected. If redness around a bite continues to increase on the second and third day then it may be infected. Remember in particular to check boots for insects in the morning.

Diseases acquired from insect bites . In addition to malaria there are many other insect and arthropod-borne diseases. These include yellow fever , dengue, Zika virus, chikungunya fever, West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis . Be aware of what the risks are where you are travelling and seek advice if you develop symptoms. The best prevention for the avoidance of mosquito-borne diseases against which there is no vaccine is the avoidance of bites.

Rabies is endemic in wild animal populations in many parts of the world. It can be acquired from the bites or scratches of various mammals, including dogs, cats, bats, monkeys and foxes. Rabies can, less commonly, be acquired through inhalation of bat droppings. Don't touch animals and if bitten seek medical advice (and if it is possible to isolate the animal for testing, do so.) If you think you are at increased risk of animal contact, consider rabies vaccination.

The risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted infection (STI) from casual sex when travelling is high. Condoms provide good but not complete protection. STIs like gonorrhoea , chlamydia and syphilis may cause serious long-term disability. Hepatitis B and HIV are also spread sexually.

High proportions of sex workers are infected with STIs. Large numbers of the population in many parts of Africa are infected with HIV, and AIDS is common. Infection is widespread in many countries in Asia and South America.

It is safest to avoid casual sex when travelling. You are taking a risk which, if you were not on holiday, you might find unacceptable. If you do have sex with a stranger, always use a condom.

Needing emergency treatment abroad

In some developing countries medical supplies, including needles and syringes, are cleaned and re-used. Travel packs are available from some chemists and travel clinics. Packs contain sterile equipment for use in an emergency. A needle kit should be supplied with a certificate showing contents and the reason for its purchase - useful for clearance at customs.

In most of Western Europe, North America, Japan and Australasia all donated blood is now screened for HIV antibodies. However, in most developing countries much of the blood donated is unscreened. The risks from blood transfusion may be high. Points to consider are:

Accidents are the most common reason for needing a blood transfusion.

Blood transfusion should only be accepted when essential.

Pregnancy or any medical condition which may lead to heavy blood loss should be taken into account before travelling to destinations where good medical facilities will not be available.

Knowing your blood group in advance may make it easier to find a blood donor in an emergency.

Travelling with children

This presents different challenges, depending on the age of your child or children. Of course travel broadens the mind and can teach children a great deal. It may, however, be easier for adults to tolerate or forget the difficulties of travelling than it is for children. When making any journey with children consider what special risks, if any, your journey and destination may mean for them. Ask yourself, are the benefits of your trip worth this, or should you delay or go elsewhere? Children will need special consideration - in particular, in areas of:

Vaccination.

Malaria prevention.

Motion (travel) sickness.

Managing long journeys.

Air travel, including ear pain.

Diet and hygiene.

Water purification.

Adventure tourism.

Environmental hazards, including sun, sea and altitude.

Understanding risk (clearly this will vary with the age of the child).

Safety in motor vehicles (for example, child seats).

Planning ahead

Allow plenty of time for journeys with young children.

Book ahead to be sure of your accommodation.

Arrange vaccinations well in advance and explain the purpose to children old enough to understand.

Take something to occupy your child on the journey.

Avoid sweets. Use savoury snacks instead.

Consider investing in a child location device for your journey. The child wears a small device fixed to their clothes and you keep the transmitter. When you have a small wandering child in a busy airport consider writing your mobile number on their arm in case they wander off and become lost.

Take the child's usual painkilling medicine (nothing else will taste the same).

Keep them involved in your plans and experiences.

Take appropriate clothing for them.

Children generally find antimalarial medication difficult. Chewable tablets taste bitter, and liquid preparations are often even worse. Make sure your children can cope with the recommended medication before you arrive in the malarial zone. The Further Reading resources section contains information on how to teach children to swallow tablets.

Travelling with medication

Permission to carry drugs Travellers carrying prescribed controlled drugs carry a letter of confirmation from their doctor. This includes personal details, travel dates and the drug/s and amount to be carried.

The Home Office allows you to take up to 90 days of controlled drug medication abroad. However, you must also comply with the entry requirements of the countries you are visiting, which may be different. It is also advisable to contact the embassy/consulate/high commission of the destination country to check regulations. Some countries have specific lists of restricted medicines and may confiscate your supply.

A copy of a recent prescription should be carried for any prescribed psychotropic including antidepressants.

For other prescribed medicines it is unlikely that any restrictions will be imposed although carrying a copy of the prescription is advisable.

For suspected restricted medication check the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) website (see 'Further Reading and References' below) for the requirements. In many cases the regulations allow you to take up to 30 days' supply as long as you are carrying a prescription or doctor's certificate. Carrying greater than 30 days' supply may require special importation licences.

Travelling with medication Always keep medicines in packaging together with the patient information leaflet. If taking liquid medication through an airport try to take volumes of less than 100 ml, with your name and dose clearly indicated on the bottle.

Crossing time zones Travel may significantly lengthen or shorten your day through the crossing of time zones. If you are taking regular medication then seek advice from your health professional regarding whether you need an extra dose or a reduced dose to address this. For many medications this won't be necessary. However, for some, such as patients with diabetes who are taking insulin, a change of four hours or more to the length of the day is likely to need addressing. Keep sufficient medication in your hand luggage for your journey, allowing for delays.

Relief workers

Relief workers are at greater risk than other travellers. They may face greater hazards and health risks because of flooding, unstable buildings, debris, lack of electricity, water, sanitation, health facilities and law enforcement. They are in close contact with local people and may share their exposure to infectious disease and lack of access to clean water for washing and drinking.

Those undertaking this work should consult with a travel health advisor as soon as practicable for advice on vaccine and malaria recommendations and other advice on protecting their health. Relief workers should ideally be in good physical and mental health, well briefed, and equipped as necessary to deal with the challenges of their environment.

Travelling when pregnant

Travelling when pregnant needs special consideration and planning. You should research your intended destination and consider whether it is right for you. Consider the medical facilities in the country you are visiting and any outbreaks or travel warnings. Advise your doctor or a doctor specialising in pregnancy and childbirth (an obstetrician) of your intention to travel. In particular:

There are restrictions on the vaccinations pregnant women can receive.

Pregnant women and their babies are at increased risk if they contract malaria.

Pregnant women can take some kinds of malaria prophylaxis, although others are not safe in pregnancy.

Pregnancy carries an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis.

Some diseases such as Zika virus are a particular threat to pregnancy.

Most commercial airlines accept a pregnant traveller up to 36 weeks of gestation (up to 32 weeks for multiple pregnancies). Some airlines require documentation from your doctor or midwife to confirm you are in good health, and the due date. Your GP will not be trained or insured to write a letter to say that you are 'fit to fly' - they will only be able to give you a letter stating the facts of your pregnancy. If the letter needs to contain the words 'fit to fly' then you will need to visit a private travel doctor.

Travelling to visit relatives abroad

If you are normally resident in the UK but are travelling to visit relatives abroad, it's easy not to think of this as a 'holiday' and not to think of it as needing the same level of planning.

Remember that if you travel abroad to visit relatives - even if this is to a country in which you yourself were formerly resident - you need to do much of the same planning. In particular:

Insurance: your residence in the UK may mean that you have no more entitlement to healthcare on your trip than any other traveller.

Vaccinations: protect yourself against disease with a normal travel vaccine schedule - you are as vulnerable as the next person. Consider rabies vaccination if you are likely to encounter stray dogs, and educate your children about the risks of petting stray animals.

Malaria: don't be tempted to ignore the recommended precautions because your relatives say they never get malaria. They may be immune or partially immune due to repeated infections. However, you will not be, even if you once were.

Food and water: the food and water in the country you are visiting is now as foreign to your digestive system as it is to anyone else's, so you have the same vulnerability to traveller's diarrhoea as any other traveller. Take the usual precautions.

Cultural and social differences can be a challenge to you and to your children, even if your ethnic origin is in the country you are visiting. You and they will be adjusting to a different climate and possibly to other situations:

Seeing different religious practices.

Separation from family and friends at home.

Changes in living standards.

Different social amenities.

Language differences.

Economic inequalities.

Many problems can be overcome through experience and sympathetic support from family and friends.

The key to a successful holiday is careful, thorough preparation. This is true even if you are off on a carefree, backpacking, 'go where the mood takes me' trip. The NHS Fit for Travel website offers the following 'Ten Tips' to help you remain safe and healthy:

Before your trip

See a health professional specialist several months before travel.

Ask about vaccinations that are recommended for your specific destinations.

Make up a first aid and medical kit containing regular and special medication for the trip - carry it in your hand luggage.

Make sure you have evacuation and travel insurance.

During your trip

Take precautions against malaria when needed. Prevent mosquito bites and take malaria pills as advised.

Road safety is important - wear safety belts in cars, helmets on bikes and avoid night-time driving and driving under the influence of alcohol.

Abstain from casual sex or practise safe sex with condoms to prevent HIV and other STIs.

Verify and consume safe water and food. Have a supply of medicine for self-treatment of diarrhoea.

Use sunscreen. Sun can be more intense over water, over snow and at altitude.

Leave animals alone, as they may transmit rabies. Seek help if bitten.

If fever develops during or after a trip, seek medical help immediately .

Dr Mary Lowth is an author or the original author of this leaflet.

Further reading and references

• Lackner JR ; Motion sickness: more than nausea and vomiting. Exp Brain Res. 2014 Aug;232(8):2493-510. doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-4008-8. Epub 2014 Jun 25.
• Foreign Travel Advice by Country ; GOV.UK
• The World Factbook ; Central Intelligence Agency
• NHS Fit For Travel: Travel health information for people travelling abroad from the UK ; Health Protection Scotland
• Information on carrying medication overseas ; International Narcotics Control Board
• Wright T ; Middle-ear pain and trauma during air travel. BMJ Clin Evid. 2015 Jan 19;2015. pii: 0501.
• Sleep disorders - shift work and jet lag ; NICE CKS, November 2019 (UK access only)
• Apply for a UK Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) ; GOV.UK
• Helping your child to swallow tablets ; Medicines for children, 2017

Article History

The information on this page is written and peer reviewed by qualified clinicians.

Next review due: 9 Feb 2028

10 feb 2023 | latest version.

Last updated by

Peer reviewed by

8 Jul 2016 | Originally published

Authored by:

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The Llama Travel Blog

What to pack for a safari in botswana.

• 17 August 2020

Stuck on what to pack for your Botswana safari experience? Here are some recommendations to help you plan and pack everything you need for your Botswana adventure.

1. Bags & Suitcases

Depending on whether you take the six   or nine night  Mobile Safari, you will have one or two light aircraft flights.

On these flights, you are restricted to 20kg in total (for both carry-on and checked luggage) which must be packed in soft luggage as the planes used are small charter planes that are heavily regulated. The maximum dimensions for the luggage is 70x35x30cm . We strongly recommend taking duffel/soft bags as they are more malleable and easier to fit into the belly of the aircraft above and vehicles in general.

If you bring above the restricted amount you will be asked to leave items behind or to travel without your luggage so make sure you are within the guidelines.

Depending on the time of year, you may need to pack warmer or cooler clothing when travelling to Botswana.

During the summer months, between November and April, it is very hot in the middle of the day , becoming cooler but still warm at night. The average daytime temperatures are around 35°C, dropping to low 20s during the night. Botswana is a summer rainfall region and late afternoon showers are common from December to April.  If you are travelling in summer, a good jumper is recommended, as it can get rather cool, especially if you are doing any boat trips as well as a light raincoat.

During the winter months, between May and October, it can go below freezing at night in drier areas but during the day it warms up substantially to about 25°C. Early morning or late evening game drives on an open vehicle can be chilly, so it is recommended to take a good jacket, scarf, gloves and a warm hat. Dressing in layers is the best way to deal with the varying temperatures during the winter months, and a windproof jacket is also a good idea.

It is generally recommended that you bring neutral coloured clothing (khaki, brown, olive, stone, beige or grey etc.) but when travelling in the vehicle, most colours are fine but light colours are generally cooler. Dark blue and black clothing are not recommended. Bring clothing that can be hand washed easily and dried quickly.

It is recommended that you take some good walking boots or trainers and some study sandals (to protect your feet from thorns on the ground). You may want to take flip flops for boating excursions.

Most time on safari is spent outdoors in the open safari vehicle, where you may have a sunny seat for periods of the day. High-factor sun cream, a wide brimmed hat and sunglasses are recommended for sun protection , as well as a cool, light long-sleeved shirt.

While staying in Maun or Kasane, you may want to take a dip in the lodge’s pools, so feel free to bring swimwear. 

3. Medicines

There will be a comprehensive First Aid kit on board the safari vehicles, but if you take daily medication , ensure you pack enough to last for your entire trip and a few days extra too.

Malaria risk is present throughout the year in Botswana, so malaria precautions are essential . Avoid mosquito bites by covering up with clothing such as long sleeves and long trousers especially after sunset and by using insect repellent on exposed skin. There will be insect repellent provided on board the safari vehicles, but you can bring your own.

For antimalarial medication and malaria advice, please consult your local GP or local travel clinic.

For travel vaccinations, please consult your local GP or travel clinic.

The NHS Fit For Travel website offers good advice for travelling to Botswana.

4. Toiletries

While on safari and in the lodges, towels, shampoo and soap/shower gel are provided. This means you need to pack any personal toiletries e.g. toothbrush, toothpaste, deodorant, sun cream, lip balm, conditioner, moisturiser etc.

Photo opportunities on safari are endless. As well as a digital camera, don’t forget to pack the accessories that go with it: spare batteries, battery charger and plenty of memory cards .

Binoculars , even if you are not a birder, are a must for safari. It’s a good idea to bring a pair for each person you are travelling with, to avoid disappointment when spotting small and large game.

Although lighting around the campsites is provided, a torch and/or a head torch are essential before sunrise and at night. There will be an LED powered lamp inside your tent, but a handheld or head torch may be useful for bed-time reading or midnight trips to the loo! 

All safari vehicles are fitted with 220 volt inverters which are linked to Botswana plug sockets for easy charging. Charging facilities can be used for recharging mobile phones, camera or torch batteries only. Please do not bring hairdryers, electric razors or electric toothbrushes for use whilst on safari.

There is no phone signal, Internet access or Wi-Fi when on a mobile safari, so prepare to be disconnected from the outside world. In case of emergencies, a radio is used.

6. Refillable Water Bottle

Filtered water is supplied on safari, so a reusable water bottle is strongly recommended. There will be a fridge either on the vehicle or the trailer so cold drinks are available to guests at all times on game drives.

Your guide will have books on the fauna and flora of Botswana to hand in the safari vehicle. On a typical mobile safari day, after lunch, the rest of the afternoon is free to relax. You may want to bring a book, a pack of cards or other entertainment for the siesta between morning and afternoon game drives.

The currency in Botswana is the Botswana Pula (approximate exchange rate: 14BWP = 1GBP), and US Dollars are widely accepted throughout the country. Credit and debit cards can be used in many shops and restaurants, and can also be used to withdraw money from cash machines. You can exchange Euros, GBP and US Dollars in both Maun and Kasane.

Mobile safaris are fully inclusive and the only cash required is for tipping your guide and crew . Tipping is optional and the amount is entirely up to you, but we recommend using the following guidelines:

• Guide: USD 10.00 per person per day
• Safari Chef: USD 5.00 per person per day
• General Staff: USD 5.00 per person per day

We offer two Botswana travel packages, with extensions to Namibia and South Africa available. If you’d like to experience mobile camping on a Botswana safari trip for yourself, browse our Botswana holidays here or call 020 7263 3000 to speak to an expert.

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Travel vaccination advice

If you're planning to travel outside the UK, you may need to be vaccinated against some of the serious diseases found in other parts of the world.

Vaccinations are available to protect you against infections such as yellow fever , typhoid and hepatitis A .

In the UK, the  NHS routine immunisation (vaccination) schedule protects you against a number of diseases, but does not cover all of the infectious diseases found overseas.

When should I start thinking about the vaccines I need?

If possible, see the GP or a private travel clinic at least 6 to 8 weeks before you're due to travel.

Some vaccines need to be given well in advance to allow your body to develop immunity.

And some vaccines involve a number of doses spread over several weeks or months.

You may be more at risk of some diseases, for example, if you're:

• travelling in rural areas
• backpacking
• staying in hostels or camping
• on a long trip rather than a package holiday

If you have a pre-existing health problem, this may make you more at risk of infection or complications from a travel-related illness.

Which travel vaccines do I need?

You can find out which vaccinations are necessary or recommended for the areas you'll be visiting on these websites:

• Travel Health Pro
• NHS Fit for Travel

Some countries require proof of vaccination (for example, for polio or yellow fever vaccination), which must be documented on an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP) before you enter or when you leave a country.

Saudi Arabia requires proof of vaccination against certain types of meningitis for visitors arriving for the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages.

Even if an ICVP is not required, it's still a good idea to take a record of the vaccinations you have had with you.

Find out more about the vaccines available for travellers abroad

Where do I get my travel vaccines?

First, phone or visit the GP practice or practice nurse to find out whether your existing UK vaccinations are up-to-date.

If you have any records of your vaccinations, let the GP know what you have had previously.

The GP or practice nurse may be able to give you general advice about travel vaccinations and travel health, such as protecting yourself from malaria.

They can give you any missing doses of your UK vaccines if you need them.

Not all travel vaccinations are available free on the NHS, even if they're recommended for travel to a certain area.

If the GP practice can give you the travel vaccines you need but they are not available on the NHS, ask for:

• written information on what vaccines are needed
• the cost of each dose or course
• any other charges you may have to pay, such as for some certificates of vaccination

You can also get travel vaccines from:

• private travel vaccination clinics
• pharmacies offering travel healthcare services

Which travel vaccines are free?

The following travel vaccines are available free on the NHS from your GP surgery:

• polio (given as a combined diphtheria/tetanus/polio jab )
• hepatitis A

These vaccines are free because they protect against diseases thought to represent the greatest risk to public health if they were brought into the country.

Which travel vaccines will I have to pay for?

You'll have to pay for travel vaccinations against:

• hepatitis B
• Japanese encephalitis
• tick-borne encephalitis
• tuberculosis (TB)
• yellow fever

Yellow fever vaccines are only available from designated centres .

The cost of travel vaccines that are not available on the NHS will vary, depending on the vaccine and number of doses you need.

It's worth considering this when budgeting for your trip.

Other things to consider

There are other things to consider when planning your travel vaccinations, including:

• your age and health – you may be more vulnerable to infection than others; some vaccines cannot be given to people with certain medical conditions
• working as an aid worker – you may come into contact with more diseases in a refugee camp or helping after a natural disaster
• working in a medical setting – a doctor, nurse or another healthcare worker may require additional vaccinations
• contact with animals – you may be more at risk of getting diseases spread by animals, such as rabies

If you're only travelling to countries in northern and central Europe, North America or Australia, you're unlikely to need any vaccinations.

But it's important to check that you're up-to-date with routine vaccinations available on the NHS.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Speak to a GP before having any vaccinations if:

• you're pregnant
• you think you might be pregnant
• you're breastfeeding

In many cases, it's unlikely a vaccine given while you're pregnant or breastfeeding will cause problems for the baby.

But the GP will be able to give you further advice about this.

People with immune deficiencies

For some people travelling overseas, vaccination against certain diseases may not be advised.

This may be the case if:

• you have a condition that affects your body's immune system, such as HIV or AIDS
• you're receiving treatment that affects your immune system, such as chemotherapy
• you have recently had a bone marrow or organ transplant

A GP can give you further advice about this.

Non-travel vaccines

As well as getting any travel vaccinations you need, it's also a good opportunity to make sure your other vaccinations are up-to-date and have booster vaccines if necessary.

Although many routine NHS vaccinations are given during childhood, you can have some of them (such as the MMR vaccine ) as an adult if you missed getting vaccinated as a child.

There are also some extra NHS vaccinations for people at higher risk of certain illnesses, such as the flu vaccine , the hepatitis B vaccine and the BCG vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) .

Your GP can advise you about any NHS vaccinations you might need.

Find out about NHS vaccinations and when to have them

Page last reviewed: 16 March 2023 Next review due: 16 March 2026

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Travel Health & Vaccinations

Key contact

NHS Borders Vaccination Service                          01896 809 250

NHS Fit For Travel website                                        www.fitfortravel.nhs.uk

Visiting another country can put individuals at risk from diseases that may not normally be found in the UK.

Start planning as soon as possible – book your holiday, book your vaccinations

Travellers should start arranging advice and vaccinations as soon as possible after booking their trip abroad, at least 10 weeks before departure date . This will ensure any vaccinations provided take full effect before travelling.  If you are travelling sooner, you will be advised to contact a private travel clinic.

Many individuals travel abroad on holiday, to work, study or live. There are always risks associated with travelling.  The most common destinations for UK travellers are considered low risk but if travelling to certain destinations, specific advice, vaccinations or additional protection, such as anti-malarials, might be necessary.

Getting risk assessed and vaccinated against certain diseases before travelling is one of the most effective things a traveller can do to protect their health abroad.

Some vaccinations are given as a precaution, while other vaccinations may be required to enter a particular country.

NHS Borders runs a weekly travel health clinic in Galashiels Health Centre, offering essential risk assessment, guidance and vaccinations before starting patients start their journeys.

______________________________________________________________________________________

Visit the NHS Fit For Travel website to understand any risks and recommendations associated with your destination(s).

Fit For Travel  is a free website that provides up to date health information and advice about how to avoid illness and stay healthy when travelling abroad.

The website has specific advice covering:

• Country/destination specific health risks and recommended vaccinations
• Travel news and alerts
• General travel advice, including guidance about air travel, breast/bottle feeding abroad, staying safe in the sun, cruises and personal safety.

Complete a health questionnaire and return it to NHS Borders Vaccination Service.

If, after reviewing the Fit For Travel site, you identify that there may be risks associated with your destination(s) and you need expert advice, you should complete a health questionnaire.

The questionnaire will be used by a travel nurse to help risk assess your journey and identify whether you need any vaccinations.

Click here  to download and print a health questionnaire as a PDF.

Click here  to download and print a health questionnaire as a Word document.

To receive a printed copy by post, call the NHS Borders Vaccination Hub on 01896 809 250. Please note this may take 2–5 days to arrive.

Completed forms may be:

E-mailed to [email protected]

Posted to NHS Borders Vaccination Hub, 7 Tweedside Park, Tweedbank, Galashiels, TD1 3TE

Handed to an NHS Borders reception in a health centre in a sealed envelope addressed to NHS Borders Vaccination Hub, 7 Tweedside Park, Tweedbank, Galashiels, TD1 3TE.

Book and attend a consultation

Once you return a health questionnaire, NHS Borders Vaccination Hub will be in touch to book an initial travel risk assessment consultation.

You will be seen by a nurse who is fully qualified and trained to give travel health advice and vaccinations.

The nurse will initially review your health questionnaire and carry out a travel risk assessment by talking through your intended itinerary and destinations.

The nurse will provide advice and may recommend certain vaccinations or medications such as anti-malarials.

The nurse will discuss next steps, including booking any follow up appointments to receive vaccinations that require multiple doses.

Book and attend vaccination appointments

If the nurse recommends travel vaccinations, NHS Borders Vaccination Hub will be in touch to book appointments and take any payment.

Certain vaccinations are provided by the NHS at no cost to a patient - hepatitis A, typhoid, cholera, polio.

Other vaccinations will be available but at a cost to a patient.

NHS Borders Vaccination Hub will accept credit or debit card payments.

Vaccination clinics take place in Galashiels Health Centre on a weekly basis.

Schedule of fees for NHS Borders patient

Please note there may occasionally be some changes to costs due to vaccine availability.

Click here for further information on protecting yourself against Malaria.

Frequently asked questions

How can I get help if I have accessibility needs?

For support with accessibility needs, including filling in the health questionnaire, please contact NHS Borders Vaccination Hub 01896 809 250.

What should I do if I have existing health conditions?

If you have any underlying health conditions such as diabetes, chronic heart, kidney or liver disease or if you have recently undergone surgery or treatment such as chemotherapy, please contact your GP for advice. Your GP will be best placed to advise you on any risks or requirements associated with existing conditions.

Do I have to pay for travel vaccinations?

There is no cost for attending the initial risk assessment consultation.

Certain vaccinations (Hepatitis A, typhoid, cholera and polio) are available at no cost to NHS Borders patients but other vaccinations are chargeable to patients as per the schedule of fees.

How far in advance should I start my travel health and vaccinations journey?

It’s important to start planning as soon as possible. Usually, it’s best to start arranging advice and vaccinations at least 10 weeks in advance of your departure date.

I have been away travelling and have returned unwell...

Please contact your GP in the first instance or NHS 24 on 111.

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Botswana Traveler View

Travel health notices, vaccines and medicines, non-vaccine-preventable diseases, stay healthy and safe.

• Packing List

After Your Trip

Be aware of current health issues in Botswana. Learn how to protect yourself.

Level 2 Practice Enhanced Precautions

• Global Polio January 05, 2024 Some international destinations have circulating poliovirus. Before any international travel, make sure you are up to date on your polio vaccines. Destination List: Afghanistan, Algeria, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Guinea, Indonesia, Israel, including the West Bank and Gaza, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Republic of the Congo, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, including Zanzibar, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

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Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor at least a month before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. If you or your doctor need help finding a location that provides certain vaccines or medicines, visit the Find a Clinic page.

Routine vaccines

Recommendations.

Make sure you are up-to-date on all routine vaccines before every trip. Some of these vaccines include

• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
• Flu (influenza)
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)

Immunization schedules

All eligible travelers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Please see  Your COVID-19 Vaccination  for more information. 

COVID-19 vaccine

Hepatitis A

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers one year old or older going to Botswana.

Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against Hepatitis A. The dose does not count toward the routine 2-dose series.

Travelers allergic to a vaccine component or who are younger than 6 months should receive a single dose of immune globulin, which provides effective protection for up to 2 months depending on dosage given.

Unvaccinated travelers who are over 40 years old, immunocompromised, or have chronic medical conditions planning to depart to a risk area in less than 2 weeks should get the initial dose of vaccine and at the same appointment receive immune globulin.

Hepatitis A - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep A

Hepatitis B

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers of all ages traveling to Botswana.

Hepatitis B - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep B

CDC recommends that travelers going to certain areas of Botswana take prescription medicine to prevent malaria. Depending on the medicine you take, you will need to start taking this medicine multiple days before your trip, as well as during and after your trip. Talk to your doctor about which malaria medication you should take.

Find  country-specific information  about malaria.

Malaria - CDC Yellow Book

Considerations when choosing a drug for malaria prophylaxis (CDC Yellow Book)

Malaria information for Botswana.

Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated at least two weeks prior to departure, or have not had measles in the past, and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

All international travelers should be fully vaccinated against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, including an early dose for infants 6–11 months, according to  CDC’s measles vaccination recommendations for international travel .

Measles (Rubeola) - CDC Yellow Book

In Botswana poliovirus has been identified in the past year.

Travelers to Botswana are at increased risk of exposure to poliovirus.

Vaccine recommendations : Adults traveling to Botswana who received a complete polio vaccination series as children may receive a single lifetime booster dose of inactivated polio vaccine; travelers who are unvaccinated or not fully vaccinated should receive a complete polio vaccination series before travel. Children who are not fully vaccinated will be considered for an  accelerated vaccination schedule .

Polio - CDC Yellow Book

Polio: For Travelers

Rabid dogs are commonly found in Botswana. If you are bitten or scratched by a dog or other mammal while in Botswana, there may be limited or no rabies treatment available. 

Consider rabies vaccination before your trip if your activities mean you will be around dogs or wildlife.

Travelers more likely to encounter rabid animals include

• Campers, adventure travelers, or cave explorers (spelunkers)
• Veterinarians, animal handlers, field biologists, or laboratory workers handling animal specimens
• Visitors to rural areas

Since children are more likely to be bitten or scratched by a dog or other animals, consider rabies vaccination for children traveling to Botswana. 

Rabies - CDC Yellow Book

Recommended for most travelers, especially those staying with friends or relatives or visiting smaller cities or rural areas.

Typhoid - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Typhoid

Yellow Fever

Required for travelers ≥1 year old arriving from countries with risk for YF virus transmission; this includes transits through countries with risk for YF virus transmission. 1

Yellow Fever - CDC Yellow Book

• Avoid contaminated water

Leptospirosis

How most people get sick (most common modes of transmission)

• Touching urine or other body fluids from an animal infected with leptospirosis
• Swimming or wading in urine-contaminated fresh water, or contact with urine-contaminated mud
• Drinking water or eating food contaminated with animal urine
• Avoid contaminated water and soil

Clinical Guidance

Schistosomiasis

• Wading, swimming, bathing, or washing in contaminated freshwater streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, or untreated pools.

Avoid bug bites

African tick-bite fever.

• Avoid Bug Bites

African Tick-bite fever

Chikungunya

• Mosquito bite
• Mosquito bite

Airborne & droplet

• Breathing in air or accidentally eating food contaminated with the urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents
• Bite from an infected rodent
• Less commonly, being around someone sick with hantavirus (only occurs with Andes virus)
• Avoid rodents and areas where they live
• Avoid sick people

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Breathe in TB bacteria that is in the air from an infected and contagious person coughing, speaking, or singing.

Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in Botswana, so your behaviors are important.

Eat and drink safely

Food and water standards around the world vary based on the destination. Standards may also differ within a country and risk may change depending on activity type (e.g., hiking versus business trip). You can learn more about safe food and drink choices when traveling by accessing the resources below.

• Choose Safe Food and Drinks When Traveling
• Water Treatment Options When Hiking, Camping or Traveling
• Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene | Healthy Water
• Avoid Contaminated Water During Travel

You can also visit the Department of State Country Information Pages for additional information about food and water safety.

Prevent bug bites

Bugs (like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) can spread a number of diseases in Botswana. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine. You can reduce your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites.

What can I do to prevent bug bites?

• Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
• Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
• Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). Do not use permethrin directly on skin.
• Stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms.
• Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.

What type of insect repellent should I use?

• FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
• Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
• Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD)
• 2-undecanone
• Always use insect repellent as directed.

What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?

• Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
• Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.

What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs .

For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites .

Stay safe outdoors

If your travel plans in Botswana include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip.

• Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
• Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
• Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
• If you are outside for many hours in heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
• Protect yourself from UV radiation : use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
• Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
• Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.

Stay safe around water

• Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
• Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.
• Do not dive into shallow water.
• Do not swim in freshwater in developing areas or where sanitation is poor.
• Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
• To prevent infections, wear shoes on beaches where there may be animal waste.

Schistosomiasis and leptospirosis, infections that can be spread in fresh water, are found in Botswana. Avoid swimming in fresh, unchlorinated water, such as lakes, ponds, or rivers.

Keep away from animals

Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.

Follow these tips to protect yourself:

• Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
• Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
• Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
• Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
• If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately. Bat bites may be hard to see.

All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:

• Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
• Go to a doctor right away.
• Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.

Consider buying medical evacuation insurance. Rabies is a deadly disease that must be treated quickly, and treatment may not be available in some countries.

Reduce your exposure to germs

Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:

• Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
• If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
• Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
• If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.

Avoid sharing body fluids

Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.

Protect yourself:

• Use latex condoms correctly.
• Do not inject drugs.
• Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
• Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
• If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.

Know how to get medical care while traveling

Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:

• Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
• Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance.
• Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medications you take.
• Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call Botswana’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
• Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.

Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website ( www.jointcommissioninternational.org ).

In some countries, medicine (prescription and over-the-counter) may be substandard or counterfeit. Bring the medicines you will need from the United States to avoid having to buy them at your destination.

Malaria is a risk in some parts of Botswana. If you are going to a risk area, fill your malaria prescription before you leave, and take enough with you for the entire length of your trip. Follow your doctor’s instructions for taking the pills; some need to be started before you leave.

Select safe transportation

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.

In many places cars, buses, large trucks, rickshaws, bikes, people on foot, and even animals share the same lanes of traffic, increasing the risk for crashes.

Be smart when you are traveling on foot.

• Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
• Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
• Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.

Riding/Driving

Choose a safe vehicle.

• Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
• Ride only in cars that have seatbelts.
• Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
• Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
• Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
• Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.

Think about the driver.

• Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
• Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
• Arrange payment before departing.

Follow basic safety tips.

• Wear a seatbelt at all times.
• Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
• When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
• Avoid driving at night; street lighting in certain parts of Botswana may be poor.
• Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
• Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
• If you choose to drive a vehicle in Botswana, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
• Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
• Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
• Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
• If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
• Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.

Medical Evacuation Insurance

If you are seriously injured, emergency care may not be available or may not meet US standards. Trauma care centers are uncommon outside urban areas. Having medical evacuation insurance can be helpful for these reasons.

Helpful Resources

Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.

The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.

Traffic flows on the left side of the road in Botswana.

• Always pay close attention to the flow of traffic, especially when crossing the street.
• LOOK RIGHT for approaching traffic.

Maintain personal security

Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

Before you leave

• Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
• Monitor travel advisories and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) .
• Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
• Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.

While at your destination(s)

• Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate .
• Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
• Follow all local laws and social customs.
• Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
• Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
• If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.

Healthy Travel Packing List

Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for Botswana for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.

Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic . Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.

If your doctor prescribed antimalarial medicine for your trip, keep taking the rest of your pills after you return home. If you stop taking your medicine too soon, you could still get sick.

Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. If you become ill with a fever either while traveling in a malaria-risk area or after you return home (for up to 1 year), you should seek immediate medical attention and should tell the doctor about your travel history.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel .

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Tailor-made Botswana Holidays

A safari in Botswana is like no other. Not only is the destination unrivalled for wildlife but it also hosts some of the smartest lodges out there. Hidden in private pockets of romantic wilderness, these East-African style camps and slick, sustainable outposts are designed to make you feel like the savannah is yours alone to explore. And yes, it may be expensive, but the space and the silence are privileges worth paying for.

The Okavango Delta, Botswana’s watery heartland, sparkles so brightly under the warm African sun, it almost feels like a mirage. Arriving by Cessna aircraft fuels the bubbling anticipation, with a birds-eye view of the sprawling wetlands, so verdant and wild you feel as though you’ve stumbled upon uncharted land. Here, everything is off-road. There’s not one person to be seen nor any engine noise to drown out the sound of chattering birds. Paddling silently through the lily pads in a traditional mokoro canoe allows you to get closer to the smaller, less conspicuous wildlife like tiny marbled reed frogs and great swooping fish eagles that make their home among the reed-studded waterways. On the Delta’s eastern side, Moremi, a spellbinding game reserve is full of roaming big cats and wild dogs to track. The Chobe National Park is where you can explore in zero-emission 4×4 vehicles and riverboats to spot herds of elephant shambling to the riverbank and hippo grunting in the lagoons.

In the northern Kalahari Desert, the Makgadikgadi feels otherworldly. Its ephemeral salt pans, some so large they’re visible from space, transform into lunar landscapes with blinding white salt crust that crunches underfoot. During the rains, the pans turn into turquoise pools drawing vast numbers of wildlife including flocks of bright pink flamingoes and migratory zebra who make their 250km linear pilgrimage to graze on the palm-studded grassland. It’s the perfect place for a unique safari; exploring ancient terrain with the Zu’Hoasi bushmen under gaping big skies.

Botswana is as remote as it is exclusive, so a chat with a destination insider will help you get your head around the finer details of how to access Africa’s undisputed safari champion.

Our Botswana Travel Guide is a good place to start planning with essential travel information, when to travel and how best to get around. Or get familiar with Botswana’s diverse landscapes with our interactive map  and regional guides.

Botswana itinerary ideas

Rovos rail to the falls and chobe, unsurpassed botswana and cape town, best of botswana and victoria falls, botswana conservation and community, discover things to do in botswana, trips by mokoro and on foot: on safari in the okavango delta, xugana island lodge: a haven in the heart of the okavango delta, fly over "the last true wilderness" in a helicopter without doors, meet the locals on a visit to nxhoga village, chobe game lodge: where elizabeth taylor married richard burton, see wild dogs and cheetahs in the moremi game reserve, sleep under the stars on the makgadikgadi salt pan, plan your holiday with alfred&.

Your journey will start with one of our UK team – someone like Louise, who's travelled extensively in Botswana. They’ll shape your ideas into the trip of a lifetime. But they won't do it alone. They'll draw on the expertise of our contacts on the ground, connecting you to the people who'll make your holiday one you'll always remember - the rangers who'll ensure you'll spot the best wildlife in Chobe, the village chiefs who'll give you an insight into local life and the helicopter pilots who can land you on an island in the Delta never visited by humans before.

Louise Dean

Africa Expert for Alfred&

When it comes to Africa, Louise is well versed. She’s flown into an empty Namibian beach to eat lunch on the aircraft wing, experienced Tanzania’s Great Wildebeest migration and listened to stories of the Anglo-Zulu War on the battlefields where it happened over a centennial ago. While she’s witnessed vast, incredible game including the last two northern white rhinos, it’s the people who she finds most inspiring; the native Maasai women whose lives are deeply rooted within the Olare Motorogi Conservancy and the local guides - resilient, highly knowledgeable, and ever smiling.

Harrison Mangwegape

Guide at Camp Xakanaxa

Harry was born in the Botswanan village of Thamaga, near capital Gaborone. He loved wildlife growing up and trained at the Okavango Guiding School in Maun to pursue his passion. He started working as a guide at Desert & Delta’s Savute Safari Lodge in 2010 and later joined Leroo La Tau in Makgadikgadi Pans National Park, before moving to Camp Xakanaxa.

Keitumetse 'KT' Mogale

Guide at Camp Okavango

Keitumetse has been guiding for 12 years. He grew up in the village of Mogotho in the Okavango Delta and began his career as a tracker. He now leads walking safaris and game drives at Camp Okavango and enjoys sharing his stories with guests from all over the world.

Florence Kagiso

Senior Guide at Chobe Game Lodge

Florence grew up in a farming family in the Okavango Delta and has been a guide at Chobe Game Lodge for 17 years. When she joined in 2004, she was the first female guide at the camp - she now mentors a team of 17 women. Her work was recognised in National Geographic Traveller’s recent Reader Awards 2021, where she won The Innovator award.

Andrew Baker

Founder and Managing Director of Helicopter Horizons

Andrew grew up in Zimbabwe before moving to the US to train as a pilot. Botswana had always held a place in his heart, so he began his aviation career as a fixed wing pilot in the Okavango Delta. He founded Helicopter Horizons in 2004, offering photographic flights - without doors - for organisations such as the BBC and National Geographic. The company now offer scenic flights for tourists in the Okavango Delta, Linyanti region and the Makgadikgadi Pans, as well as transfers between safari camps.

Ollie Maitapiso

Guide at Leroo La Tau

Ollie grew up in the village of Xaxaba in the Okavango Delta and began his career as a trainee poler in 1999, taking guests out on mokoro trips. He started guiding in 2004 and joined Camp Xakanaxa in the Moremi Game Reserve in 2007, before moving to Leroo La Tau in 2014.

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Alfred&  from the multi award winning Kuoni  

You’re in safe hands

Going above and beyond to help our customers is just one of the reasons why we’ve been awarded Recommended Provider status by the UK’s leading consumer organisation Which? based on their latest survey results.

Travel with us for total peace of mind. All our holidays are ATOL protected, we’re members of ABTA (the leading travel industry association) and you’ll have our full support throughout your travels.

Places to go in Botswana

• Chobe National Park
• Makgadikgadi Pans
• Moremi Game Reserve
• Okavango Delta

Botswana Travel guide

• When to Travel
• Getting Around
• Eating & Drinking

Time difference: GMT +2

Flight time: London + 14-16 hours

Currency: Pula (BWP)

Language: English and Setswana

Electricity: 230v

Telephone code: +267

Tipping: Tipping is discretionary in Botswana although it is customary to tip your safari guide and tracker separately at the end of your stay. Specific guidelines are normally available from the lodge manager, however USD$10-20 per person per day is usual for your safari guide, and USD$5 per person per day for your tracker. If you take a mokoro trip, your poler should also be tipped and USD$5 per activity is reasonable. When staying in lodges, there is often a large team behind the scenes, including housekeepers, chefs and waiters so a contribution to the general staff box will ensure that they too are rewarded.

Etiquette:  Along with democracy, unity, self-reliance and development, Botswana’s fifth national principle is botho . Showing good manners, being helpful and politeness are all examples of botho . By respecting others, you will earn respect back.

Always greet elders first and you should remove your hat before entering a building. When shaking hands, the left hand should be put on the right elbow. Ask permission before taking photos of people and do not take photos of government buildings or military personnel.

Religions: Introduced into Botswana in the late 1800s, Christianity is the main religion.  Many people still include some practices of the traditional indigenous religion of Badimo. Badimo are spiritual ancestors and the Batswana will communicate through them to their supreme being. Badimo are believed to be present in daily lives and, in order to keep them happy, you may see locals placing food at a table for them.

Visas: You can look up the latest advice on https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/botswana . Please be aware that this information can change at short notice.

Vaccinations: Health risks vary depending on the destination so it’s essential to check the specific vaccination and hygiene requirements for Botwswana on the NHS Fit for Travel website .

Botswana can be visited year-round although most people opt for the dry season between May to September. Ironically, it is during the dry season that the Okavango Delta is in full flood as it takes several months after the rainy season for the rising waters of the delta to emerge.

The rainy season is from December to February. Also known as the green season, rates in lodges are lower at this time and the birding is excellent.  This is one of the best times to visit the Makgadikgadi as the salt pans fill with water, attracting flocks of flamingos and drawing in the second biggest zebra migration.

Maun is the main gateway for the Okavango Delta and Kasane provides access to Chobe National Park. The easiest way to connect between the national parks is by light aircraft. These air transfers are regular and frequent although you may stop at other lodges along the way.  It’s a great way of seeing the geography of the country, especially when the Okavango Delta is in full flood. From the dirt airstrips it’s normally a short game drive to your accommodation.

Safaris are conducted in 4×4 vehicles or by boat on the Chobe River. Exploring the Okavango Delta can be done in a traditional dug-out canoe known as a mokoro. Lying low in the water, the mokoro is steered through the narrow water channels by a poler.

For those extending their Botswana adventure to Victoria Falls, there is a good road link between Chobe National Park and the falls.

Whilst on safari, all meals are generally included and you will be amazed at the amount of food that can be served in the remotest of locations. A typical day starts with tea and cookies before your early morning game drive, followed by coffee and cake during your safari and that’s before returning to the lodge for a massive brunch.  Prior to heading off on your afternoon drive or boat cruise, there is normally a high tea with home-baked treats. Whilst on safari a picturesque spot is found to watch the setting sun as you indulge in a gin and tonic or a chilled local St Louis beer. When you return to camp, pre-dinner drinks are served by the fire. Evening meals could be international cuisine or a traditional braai (barbecue). You may get to try seswaa, the national dish of Botswana. This meat stew is often served with pap (polenta) and a delicious spicy onion and tomato relish.

Botswana’s biggest shopping malls can be found in the capital Gaborone, although very few tourist itineraries go through the city. As the focus of the destination is safari, shopping opportunities are limited. Many camps and lodges will have a small curio shop selling safari khaki essentials as well as local handicrafts. Near to Maun and Kasane airports you will find the usual tourist gift shops. The most popular purchases are wooden carvings, basketware, textiles and beaded jewellery. Artwork influenced by the San rock art paintings can be found on pottery trinkets.

Botswana is famous for its diamonds and, if you are thinking of purchasing, only go to authorised dealers who will provide a certificate showing its value and origin.  You will need to declare purchases with customs officers.

Whilst most guests spend little time in Botswana’s towns as they tend to be used as transit hubs before their safari, there are a few festivals worthy of note in the Botswana calendar.

The Maun Festival is normally held in April and features poetry, dance and music. In July there is a national holiday to celebrate President’s Day. Many people return to their hometowns for celebrations and military parades takes place throughout the country. Botswana Day on 30th September, marks independence from the United Kingdom and is celebrated with street parties. With Christianity being the main religion, Christmas is the time for families to gather and a chance for local choirs to showcase their vocal skills.

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Botswana specific risk of coronavirus (covid-19), 26 nov 2021.

This country has reported a recent increase in case numbers and/or emerging or known variants of coronavirus (COVID-19).

Following a review of the public health risk assessment process, this country has now changed to a high risk of exposure to COVID-19.

Please check the fitfortravel  Botswana page regularly for updates on any changes to the risk of exposure to coronavirus (COVID-19).

Advice for Travellers 

In this country there is a high risk  of exposure to coronavirus (COVID-19) and/or emerging or known variants of coronavirus (COVID-19).

You should be aware that the risk of COVID-19 in this country may change at short notice. You must also consider the risk of exposure in transit countries and during your journey.

All travellers are advised to avoid non-essential travel  to this country. This applies even if you are fully vaccinated.

Prior to travel, you should consider:

Is the journey really essential?

• Check the latest government guidance on the FCDO foreign travel advice and country pages to ensure travel is permitted and the rules you must follow on entering the UK on your return.

Are you up to date with UK recommendations on COVID-19 vaccination, particularly if you are at increased risk of severe COVID-19.

Your risk of severe COVID-19 and availability of medical facilities at your destination.

• To find out if you are at increased risk of severe COVID-19, see the FAQ’s .

Your ability to comply with COVID-19 prevention advice during travel and at your destination.

• You should read the COVID-19: Health Considerations for Travel page.

For further information, see Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) disease page.

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• 02 Nov 2021 - Country Specific Risk of Coronavirus (COVID-19) (Update 40)

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Travel Vaccines and Advice for Botswana

Botswana is often considered one of the best places in the world to experience and be close to the wild of Africa. With many options of different safari locations and game reserves, nature-lovers flock to Botswana to experience wildlife.

The capital city of Botswana, Gaborone, is the largest city in the country and considered one of the fastest growing cities in Africa. It holds four large malls with cinemas, hotels, golf-courses and night clubs.

Botswana’s other major cities include Francistown, Molepolole, and Selebi-Phikwe.

Do I Need Vaccines for Botswana?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Botswana. The National Travel Health Network and Centre and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Botswana: hepatitis A , hepatitis B , typhoid , cholera , yellow fever , rabies and tetanus .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunisations:

• Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travellers to the region, especially if unvaccinated.
• Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Recommended for travellers to most regions.
• Tetanus – Wounds or Breaks in Skin – Recommended for travellers to most regions, especially if not previously vaccinated.
• Typhoid – Food & Water – Recommended for travellers to most regions.
• Cholera – Food & Water – Recommended for travel to most regions.
• Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required if travelling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
• Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-stay travellers and those who may come in contact with animals.

See the tables below for more information:

The risk of contracting malaria is considered low. But, it is prevalent in the northern regions of Botswana. Check with a travel medicine specialist to see if antimalarials are right for you.

Traveller’s diarrhoea is a serious risk to individuals visiting Botswana. Ensure you bring a traveller’s diarrhoea kit as part of your travel preparations.

Private medical facilities, casualties and trained doctors are available in Gaborone. But, services are hard to find elsewhere. You must pay for your health care upfront.

To find out more about these vaccines, see our vaccinations page. Ready to travel safely? Book your appointment either ring or book online now.

Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Botswana

UK citizens do not need a visa for travel to Botswana that lasts less than 90 days. Passports must be valid for at least six months. Proof of yellow fever vaccination may be required if you are travelling from a region where yellow fever is present.

Sources: Embassy of Botswana and GOV.UK

What is the Climate Like in Botswana?

Botswana’s climate is semi-arid. It is hot and dry for the majority of the year. But, there is a rainy season in the summer months (November-March). Rain is erratic and unpredictable and is usually short-lived and heavy. January and February are peak months for rainfall.

Summer days are hot and winter nights are cold.

Best visiting months are from April to October for weather and game-viewing.

How safe is Botswana?

Botswana is considered one of the safest countries in Africa, but crime still occurs.

Petty crime is common in Botswana and hotels are not free from physical activity. Muggings by knifepoint are reported to the constable. Crimes are even reported in game park and nature reserves.

Try to avoid motoring 4x4s as they are more prone to car-jackings.

Do not walk alone at night and avoid high-crime areas such as Gaborone Dam and Kgale Hill.

Safaris in Botswana

The majority of tourists come to Botswana for its access to close-encounters of African wildlife. On safari, you can get up-close to giraffes, elephants, lions, hippos, and zebras.

There are 45 safari camps in the Botswana wilderness, offering different experiences for tourists.

Some safaris are traditional rustic camps, which usually offer a more intimate experience with the animals. Others offer luxurious accommodation where you can swim in a heated swimming pool next to elephants.

It’s important to keep in mind that you will not see animals every moment of your safari trip. It’s important to be flexible and patient to see the wildlife you are hoping for.

What Should I Take To Botswana?

Here are some essential items to consider for your trip to Botswana:

• Choose clothing in neutral colours and wear lightweight clothing to ward off mosquitos. Pack shorts and tee shirts for the day and bring a fleece jacket for the cold nights.
• Insect repellent to repel mosquitos and ticks
• Sun cream and salt tablets to prevent heat exhaustion
• If you’re planning to go on safari bring batteries, film or memory cards, and water purification tablets along with your standard camping gear. These items may be hard to find out in the bush. Also, a headlamp can be practical and helpful when setting up for camp.
• Common first-aid kit items can be hard to find in Botswana. Be sure to bring a medkit with you as part of your travel preparations.

Embassy of the United Kingdom in Botswana

If you are in Botswana and have an emergency (for example, been attacked, arrested or someone has died) contact the nearest consular services. Contact the embassy before arrival if you have additional questions on entry requirements, safety concerns or are in need of assistance.

British High Commission Gaborone Plot 1079-1084, Main Mall off Queens Road, Gaborone Gaborone, Botswana Telephone: +267 3952841 Emergency Phone: +267 3952841 Fax: +267 3956105 Email: [email protected]

If you have any questions about travelling to Botswana or are wondering which jabs you may need for your trip, schedule an appointment with your local Passport Health travel medicine clinic. Ring us up at or book online now and protect yourself today.

On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for Botswana? Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Botswana What is the Climate Like in Botswana? How Safe is Botswana? Safaris in Botswana What Should I Take to Botswana? Embassy of the United Kingdom in Botswana

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