national mall tour guide

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Guide To Visiting The National Mall

Unmoved for over two centuries and spanning some 1,000 acres that stretch from the base of the U.S. Capitol building to the banks of the Potomac River, is the great National Mall. This sprawling mass of manicured lawn is a symbol of the strength and values of the American people not only because it is home to some of DC’s most iconic monuments but because of the massive public events that have taken place here over the past 200 years. Presidential inaugurations, mass demonstrations, concerts, public addresses, parades and many more milestone events have taken place on this esteemed piece of real estate. In short, a visit to Washington DC is synonymous with a visit to the National Mall.

POINTS OF INTEREST

Here’s a list of monuments , museums and other sites found along the National Mall for you to visit while on your trip to Washington DC.

National Mall

Smithsonian castle, arts and industries building, national museum of african american history and culture, arthur m. sackler gallery, smithsonian national museum of african art, hirshhorn museum, smithsonian national air and space museum, national museum of the american indian, united states botanic garden, united states capitol, national gallery of art, smithsonian national museum of natural history, washington monument, the white house, world war ii memorial, lincoln memorial, lincoln memorial reflecting pool, martin luther king, jr. memorial, korean war veterans memorial, vietnam veterans memorial, constitution gardens, united states holocaust memorial museum.

• A National Mall

Main Attractions

THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT

View this post on Instagram Our friend @amandapleaze13 hopped aboard our trolley for a tour of the city and experienced this stunning view from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. 🏛 A post shared by Old Town Trolley Tours (@oldtowntrolley) on Dec 6, 2016 at 9:37am PST

At 555’ tall, this is the single tallest structure in the city. In fact, no building within the city limits is permitted to exceed the height of this giant obelisk, a towering symbol of George Washington, the first President of the United States and its most celebrated revolutionary general. Made of marble, granite and sandstone, the monument is surrounded by 50 American flags representing each of the states. It has sweeping views of DC and an elevator to the structure’s apex, or pyramidion, allowing you to see as far as 30 miles! Or, you can climb 897 steps. We highly recommend the former.

THE U.S. CAPITOL BUILDING

View this post on Instagram Another gorgeous day at the Capitol. 🇺🇸 A post shared by Old Town Trolley Tours (@oldtowntrolley) on Oct 14, 2016 at 9:25am PDT

The place that was nearly burned to a crisp by hostile British forces during the War of 1812 and where legislators hash it out and sign bills into law today, the U.S. Capitol was built as a result of a design contest. After winning a cool $500 bucks, architect William Thornton went on to design arguably the most recognizable building in all of DC. (Minus the big dome, which wasn’t built until the 1850s.) Because of increased security, freely roaming the Capitol Building is a no-no, so you’ll have to arrange for a guided tour. Contact the Capitol Visitor Center for more information and for passes to see the wheels of democracy churn with a sit-in on the daily business conducted in the Senate and House galleries.

SMITHSONIAN MUSEUMS

View this post on Instagram Dinosaur fossils, skeletons and objects of wonder. #smithsonian ##smithsoniannaturalhistorymuseum A post shared by Joey Patterson (@joeypattersonjax) on May 11, 2019 at 10:07am PDT

This federal institution has multiple museums scattered throughout Washington, DC., 10 of which are located on the National Mall. With 17 museums, several galleries and a zoo, 2-3 days still might not be enough to see it all at a reasonable pace, so be selective. With so many amazing things to see, that’s easier said than done. If machines with wings that go really fast pique your imagination, then head over to the National Air & Space Museum for a chronicle of the history of aviation and space travel. For you art buffs, trace the evolution of American art from the Colonial days to the present with the grandiose retrospective found at the Smithsonian American Art Museum & Renwick Gallery. All of these museums contain national treasures that tell the story of a people and a nation since its inception.

U.S. BOTANIC GARDEN

View this post on Instagram Our higan cherry (Prunus subhirtella) in Bartholdi Park is full of blooms and shining in the spring sunshine A post shared by U.S. Botanic Garden (@usbotanicgarden) on Mar 28, 2019 at 9:10am PDT

Centuries ago, George Washington had a vision for the capital city of the United States that included a botanic garden that would demonstrate and promote the importance of plants to the young nation. Established by the U.S. Congress in 1820, the U.S. Botanic Garden is one of the oldest botanic gardens in North America that is a living plant museum informing visitors about the importance of plants and their cultivation to the continued well-being of humans coexisting in a fragile ecosystem. This indoor-outdoor research facility has myriad examples of plants and flowers from every conceivable climate and part of the world. From roses to orchids, the rainforest to the Mid-Atlantic, rare and endangered plants to the latest in home gardens, there’s always something beautiful in bloom to admire.

MORE ABOUT ATTRACTIONS ON THE MALL

Washington dc attractions.

Getting Around

OLD TOWN TROLLEY TOURS

View this post on Instagram Monument Monday’s 🏛 A post shared by Old Town Trolley Tours (@oldtowntrolley) on May 7, 2018 at 3:30pm PDT

With 30 years in the biz, Old Town Trolley’s ubiquitous green and orange, state-of-the-art vehicles provide the best vantage point to catch a great many of the important monuments and landmarks in and around the National Mall. Covering over 100 points of interest, this hop-on hop-off, fully-narrated tour will take you places like the Jefferson Memorial, the FDR Memorial, the Lincoln Memorial and, as the only tour operator authorized to do so, to the hallowed grounds of Arlington National Cemetery. Furthermore, since the DC area can be rather congested with traffic, parking can become a troublesome issue when you to want to tackle the mall on your own. With this tour, not only will you see the most iconic landmarks but you won’t have to worry about parking your car.

TOUR HIGHLIGHTS

Trolley Tickets

Old Town Trolley Tours is pleased to take you past the National Mall as part of our tour!

TOUR DURATION

Tour length is 3-4 hours and includes all stops.

Welcome Center at 1001 E St NW

DEPARTURE TIME

Go to  Old Town Trolley Schedule .

*Tour length times may vary depending upon road conditions or traffic.

Click on  parking information .

ACCESSIBILITY SERVICES

Reservations for accessible trolley must be arranged 24 hours in advance. Go to  accessibility services  for more information.

View this post on Instagram Over this weather?!? Us too! But it’s nothing a little barbecue can’t fix! #hillcountrybbq A post shared by Hill Country Barbecue Market (@hillcountrybbq) on May 14, 2019 at 8:06am PDT

Spending the day walking any mall is sure to bring about a grumbling stomach; but when it happens to be America’s Front Yard, you can be sure that a respite at one of the area’s tasty eating establishments is definitely in order.

SHAKE SHACK

This notch-above-your-average burger joint has been satiating the appetites of burger lovers for years now and there happens to be one right nearby. It’s easy on the wallet. Don’t forget a side of the crinkle fries.

BANTAM KING

When you love a great bowl of ramen and you absolutely must have one now, head to this noodle shop in Chinatown for a deeply satisfying bowl of the good stuff.

HILL COUNTRY BARBECUE MARKET

The best darn smoked meats outside of Central Texas. This place is modeled after one of the meccas of Texas-style BBQ so the brisket is out of this world; but be sure to try some of their homegrown, out-of-the-box offerings as well.

OLD EBBITT GRILL

For a taste of old Washington DC, pay this mahogany wood-accented eating house a visit. Enjoy classic, well-prepared American fare with half off oysters during happy hour.

View this post on Instagram In the District to see the cherry blossoms? Stop by #CityCenterDC to see how we’re in bloom. 🌸 We invite you to take photos of our spring installation by using the hashtag #CCDCinBloom. #SpringInstallation #PalmerAlley #CherryBlossoms #MyDCCool #DowntownDC #IGDC #VisitWashingtonDC (📷 credit: @leadinglatte) A post shared by CityCenterDC (@citycenterdc) on Apr 6, 2019 at 8:08am PDT

When we go on vacation, we buy things. Whether it’s because there’s an item you can only find at a certain place or whether you want a keepsake of your trip, we love to shop in new and different places. When you’re ready to put that credit card through its paces and grab some new merch, here are the best places to do it around the National Mall.

WHITE HOUSE GIFTS

For things unapologetically patriotic, this store is the whole red, white and blue! T-shirts, jerseys, hats, commemorative coins, novelties and more can all be found right here and, with a purchase of over $50, you get a free picture posing in a replica of the oval office!

CityCenterDC

This mammoth, mixed-use complex is your go-to for luxury shopping, dining and condo living if you’ve got the means and, in the Fall of 2019, they’ll be opening up a modern, grand hotel.

L’ENFANT PLAZA

The new L’Enfant Plaza showcases a stunning three-story glass gateway entrance, 40+ restaurants and shops, an outdoor square, more retail, and enhanced office space to enliven this popular destination just two blocks from the National Mall.

Major Events Throughout the Year

View this post on Instagram The National Cherry Blossom Festival comes to a close this weekend. Three weeks of celebrations is capped off with the most exciting of them all: The National Cherry Blossom Festival Parade. Tickets are still available to experience the magic of this dazzling event at nationalcherryblossomfestival.org 📷: Ron Engle #MyDCcool #SpringBlossomsHere A post shared by Washington DC (@visitwashingtondc) on Apr 10, 2019 at 6:01pm PDT

Here are the annual events that get folks flocking to the Nation’s Capital:

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. DAY

Celebrated on the third Monday every January, the Freedom Choir performs a free concert at the Kennedy Center. The African American Civil War Museum also hosts an annual wreath laying ceremony at the African American Civil War Memorial in the U Street Corridor.

NATIONAL CHERRY BLOSSOM FESTIVAL PARADE

This event usually runs from late March to mid-April. The parade route runs 10 blocks along Constitution Avenue showcasing bands, floats, dancers, singers and celebrities, many decked out in pink, the theme color in honor of the National Cherry Blossom Festival.

H STREET FESTIVAL

This festival in September is a high-energy block party with live bands and beer tents; but it’s best known for the dozens of ethnic eateries that participate in this friendly gathering. Neighborhood artists sell their DC-centric merchandise as well.

NATIONAL CHRISTMAS TREE LIGHTING

The tree lighting is hosted by the National Park Service in President’s Park on the grounds of the White House. The switch is flipped for the first time in early December, followed by an opening concert. The tree is lit each night after that, with performances each evening.

#OLDTOWNTROLLEY

Routes and Trips Travel Guide with Maps and Photos

National mall walking itinerary, washington dc.

Posted by: Liisa Nygård

This post will take you on a National Mall walking itinerary to see the famous Washington DC museums and monuments. So leave your car and explore the amazing Washington DC National Mall by foot. We will guide you!

The National Mall is a 2,5 mile long green area between Capitol Hill in the east and the Lincoln Memorial in the west.

The needle-like Washington Monument stands at the very center, north of it the White House and south of it the Tidal Basin.

This is Lincoln Memorial at the far end of the National Mall:

Lincoln Memorial is where the National Mall ends

In addition the long, green area contains world-famous memorials of American history and US government buildings. And not to forget, a huge amount of world-class museums.

Looking forward to see it all – for free!

E Pluribus Unum on the National Mall walking itinerary

So, now park somewhere off the Mall and take our itinerary. Take good shoes , walk and visit as many attractions as you like, and as I said, all National Mall attractions are free!

First we will put things on the map:

National Mall Walking Itinerary on the Map

Our National Mall walking itinerary on the map

Above you will see Washington DC and its National Mall on a Google map. To see the location in the US, zoom out the map, and to see the details, zoom in.

Our self-guided walking tour is the blue dots. The dots help you walk between the sights and find them all, and this post will explain them in words and photos.

We will start from the Capitol Hill at the east end and then head west along the mall:

The US Capitol

Side view of the US Capitol, Washington DC

The US Capitol centers the green Capitol Hill and the massive building is something you absolutely must visit. The entrance is behind the building.

Behind the Capitol building is also the Library of Congress and next to it the Supreme Court.

The sights of Capitol Hill almost deserve a full day, for which reason we have put them in a separate post.

National Mall walking itinerary: the US Capitol 

Read the details about Capitol Hill, US Capitol and Library of Congress in our post Washington DC: Capitol Hill Walk.

The post will take you through the massive Capitol halls full of statues, columns and historic treasures and then through an underground walkway to the Congress Library that. too, is full of art and treasures of all kind:

Library of Congress and Supreme Court in Washington DC

Now, for the rest of the National Mall continue reading this post.

First one of the many National Mall museums, the Museum of the American Indian:

Museum of the American Indian

Curved wall of the National Museum of the American Indian

The National Museum of the American Indian is what you will first see in the eastern part of the National Mall.  The nature-inspired limestone building has flowing water around it.

In the Museum you will learn about native Americans, their values, culture and how their lives have changed during centuries. We got to know a lot about different Indian tribes, how they moved across the country and how important nature still is to the Indians.

The museum cafe serves meals based on traditional Indian food heritage. Recommend!

National Mall around the Museum of the American Indian

Another attraction nearby is the US Botanic Garden. If botanic gardens interest you, read more about this lovely garden in the blog post  Washington DC: Capitol Hill Walk .

In the greenhouse of the US Botanic Garden

Then, back to the National Mall:

Sculpture Garden and National Archives

The US National Archives from Sculpture Garden

After the museum and the greenhouse walk further and see the many famous buildings on both sides, one of them the Greek-style US National Archives main building. In the US National Archives you can see things like the US Constitution, the Bill of Rights and the Declaration of Independence .

In winter time the park also contains a skating rink.

National Mall walking itinerary: Sculpture Garden

These pictures are from the National Mall Sculpture Garden . It’s a part of the National Gallery and belongs their exhibition on modern art.

National Gallery of Art

The National Mall and the National Gallery of Art

The huge National Gallery of Art is in two buildings, the old West Building and the East Building built in the 1970s. The West Building has European and American paintings, sculptures and objects and the East Building shows modern art.

On the days I was visiting Washington DC there were many school groups visiting from all parts of the country. They went to the National Gallery and the Museum of Natural History.

There are many museums on both sides of the National Mall. You would need a week to see them all. Just start with the ones you like most.

The Museums of National Mall

• National Museum of Natural History
• Hirshorn Museum
• National Air and Space Museum
• Arts and Industries Building
• African Art Museum
• Smithsonian Castle
• Freer Gallery of Art
• Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
• American History Museum

I only spent two days on the National Mall and decided to walk into the American History Museum.

National Museum of American History

Washington DC: National Museum of American History

Since I’m from Europe I wanted to learn about American history and that’s what I really did in this museum.

There was an interesting exhibition of former American presidents and another one telling about the First Ladies. Then there was a room showing American food habits from 1950 to 2000. After seeing that I understand how much all immigrants from different parts of the world have affected American food culture. And so have the new technologies and the wish to eat and drink on the move.

After learning so much I wanted to buy something home so I went to the museum store. The store was full of American Christmas decoration with flags and other items, all in US national colors red, blue and white. And it was first the beginning of November!

The museum shop of American History Museum

Washington Monument

Washington Monument, National Mall walking itinerary

This is the Washington Monument, something you can see from all over the city. Washington Monument was built to honor George Washington and completed in 1884. It was and still is the highest freestanding stone monument in the world.

They began with white marble from Maryland and different marble was added as the work proceeded. All this made that the color changes in the middle.

There are 50 flags around the monument, one for each state.

You can take an elevator ride to the top, it’s free. But to do that you have to get a ticket at the ticket kiosk which is a small house to the east of the monument. In November there was no waiting time, but it probably will be in the summer.

The White House

The White House on the National Mall of, Washington DC

A short way north of the National Mall stands the massive White House building from where the US president rules the country.

If you want to see the interior you will have to book your visit in advance. We didn’t go in but it was equally great to see the famous building at a distance.

World War II Memorial

National World War II Memorial, Washington DC

West of the Washington Monument stands the next US national monument, the National World War II Memorial . The memorial has 4 048 gold stars on the wall each of which represents 100 soldiers that died in the war.

There is a granite pillar for each state and words by presidents are written in stone walls around the fountain.

Veterans Day

Veterans Day parade on the National Mall walking itinerary

The day I was visiting there was a Veterans Day event. There was a parade and veterans from all over US came to Washington DC with the help of non-profit organizations. The Amercians take so much better care of their veterans than we do in Europe.

The Reflecting Pool

Washington Monument from the Reflecting Pool

There are many reflecting pools in Washington DC but the one between the National World War Memorial and Lincoln Memorial is the largest.  This is the view you can see in all postcards. Just amazing!

Lincoln Memorial

Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall of Washington DC

And last but not least on the National Mall is the Lincoln Memorial that celebrates Abraham Lincoln. It is the symbol of freedom and equality. Inside is a Lincoln statue and Lincoln’s most famous speeches are written on a stone wall.

And the basement has a small museum where you can learn about the Memorial’s history. Did you know that Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I have a dream” speech in this place?

Tidal Basin

Tidal Basin, Naitonal Mall walking itinerary

South of the Lincoln Memorial is a little lake, called the Tidal Basin. The basin is lined by cherry trees that originally were a present from the Japanese. And you can rent a paddle boat here in the summer. In winter there are no paddle boats but there are bike rentals.

If you have time, rent a bike, make a bike tour around the Tidal Basin. By bike you can also see the monuments on the other side of the Basin.

I will end my National Mall walking itinerary here., we have now seen the Mall from east to west. We have seen a lot today but maybe you can return to the National Mall another day and discover more on this green stretch full of important national monuments and museums.

Goodbye from National Mall, Washington DC!

More on Washington DC

If you are planning a trip to Washington DC, check out these posts:

• Washington DC: Capitol Hill Walk
• Washington DC Day Trip to Old Town Alexandria

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A family travel blog

The Ultimate Guide to the National Mall & Beyond

The National Mall is where history is made and where the nation comes to remember its founders and heroes.  It is home to some of our nation’s most iconic memorials, monuments, and museums.  Each year, millions of people come to “American’s Front Yard” to honor our veterans and historical leaders.

The Washington Monument is positioned between the U.S. Capitol Building and the stately Lincoln Memorial.  In between, you’ll find places like the National Museum of Natural History , National Museum of American History , the World War I and World War II Memorial , the Vietnam Veterans Memorial .  It is here that the AIDS Quilt was displayed and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech was delivered.

The National Mall is also a cultural hub for the United States.  Here you can marvel at original works by Rodin, Da Vinci and Van Gogh mixed in with relics important to American History such as the Star-Spangled Banner, the hat Abraham Lincoln was wearing when he was assassinated, portraits of every president in the National Portrait Gallery, and a collection of dresses representing each of the First Ladies.  

Table of Contents

History of the National Mall

When Pierre Charles L’Enfant drew his vision for the nation’s capital in 1791, he included a “grand avenue” that was 1 mile in length and 400 feet wide.  On his renderings, he placed this avenue between the Congress House (now the US Capitol) and an equestrian statue of George Washington.  The statue was placed directly south of the President’s home (now the White House ), and directly west of the Congress House.  

Just over a decade later, Mathew Cary drew a map which named this area the “Mall”, a name derived from The Mall in London, which was a promenade near Buckingham Palace.

In the 1880s projects such as dredging the river and creating the Tidal Basin, building “the Smithsonian Castle” and other buildings began to shape the modern day National Mall.

In 1902, a redesign of the Mall, which extended L’Enfants plan, would further map out the area.

In 1966, the National Park Service listed the National Mall on the National Register of Historic Places.  

Getting Around the National Mall

The National Mall is pedestrian-friendly.  You can easily explore it on foot, via scooter or bicycle, or hop on one of the Big Bus Tours.  

You can easily spend a day walking the 2-mile loop trail along the National Mall and the 2-mile loop trail around the Tidal Basin.

DC’s grid pattern makes it easy to navigate.  When walking the National Mall, keep in mind the Lincoln Memorial is on the western end of the mall, the U.S. Capitol Building is on the eastern end and the Washington Monument is in the center.  

This map from DCCirculator is  perfect!   It offers a wonderful walking/biking route that starts and ends at the Union Station Metro and includes the entire National Mall.  It is important to note that in order to really do the monuments, memorials, and museums justice, you’ll definitely want to dedicate more than a full day to the National Mall.  

If you’re visiting in the spring, be sure to include the Tidal Basin loop where you’ll find the famous Cherry Blossoms in bloom.

Highlights of the National Mall

United states capitol.

Each year more than 3.5 million people visit the U.S. Capitol building.  Not only is this where Congress meets, but it is also a museum dedicated to American History.  

Only visitors with tour reservations are able to enter the Capitol Visitor Center.   To schedule tour, visit the Capitol’s website .  The tour is led by a tour guide and visits the Crypt, the Rotunda, and the National Statuary Hall.  It does not include the House and Senate Galleries.  

US Botanic Garden

The U.S. Botanic Garden is a living plant museum. From roses to orchids, the rainforest of the Mid-Atlantic and rare plants, there’s a wide variety of plants in the U.S. Botanic Garden.  

Admission to the garden is free and there are no advance ticket reservations required.

The USBG consists of three locations: the Conservatory, Bartholdi Park, and the Production Facility.  The Conservatory is divided into separate rooms, each representing a different habitat.  The rooms are:  the Garden Court, Rare and Endangered Plants, Plant Exploration, Orchid House, Medicinal Plants, Desert, Hawaii, Garden Primeval, Plant Adaptation, Jungle, Children’s Garden, and Southern Exposure.

Washington Monument

This white marble obelisk is probably one of the most recognized monuments on the National Mall.  

Construction of the 555 foot monument started in 1848 to honor George Washington, the United States’ first president.

If you’re lucky enough, you can snag tickets to take an elevator to the top of the monument for impressive view of the National Mall.  Tickets are available at recreation.gov .  

World War II Memorial

56 pillars, representing each state and territory, surround an impressive fountain that honors those who lost their lives in World War II.  Completed in 2004, the World War II Memorial, located halfway between the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial, is a great place to sit down and rest your feet as your honor those who gave the ultimate sacrifice.  

Be sure to take the time to read the inscriptions on the wall in honor of the 16 million who served in the armed forces during WWII and the more than 400,000 who died.

Korean War Veterans Memorial

Lincoln Memorial

One of the most iconic memorials in the US honors one of the most iconic Presidents in our nation’s history: Abraham Lincoln.  The Lincoln Memorial was completed in 1922 and features 36 columns (representing the number of states in the Union during his presidency) and a massive statue of Lincoln.

 The Lincoln Memorial has been the backdrop for many key points in American history.  Martin Luther King, Jr.’s  I Have a Dream  speech took place on the monuments steps.   The memorial was also the site of the Inaugural Celebration for America’s first black President of the United States, Barack Obama.

Visit:  10 Things You Didn’t Know About the Lincoln Memorial to learn a bunch of interesting facts about this memorial.

Vietnam Veterans Memorial

Dedicated in 1982, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is one of the most popular, and most moving, memorials on the National Mall.  Two black granite walls are engraved with the names of 58,000 servicemen and women who gave their lives in service in the Vietnam conflict.  The  memorial includes the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall, the Three Servicemen statue, and the Vietnam Women’s Memorial.

If you are looking for a specific name, there are several books near the wall that have the names of the veterans listed chronologically, by the date of causality.  

Museums on the National Mall

The National Mall is lined with some of the most impressive, and most visited, museums in the country.  All of the museums are free to visit.  Our favorite museums are the National Air and Space Museum , the National Museum of American History , National Museum of Natural History , and the National Gallery of Art.

National Museum of the American Indian

This museum serves as a memorial to the indigenous people of the Americas.  It was created after controversy erupted because the Smithsonian Institution held more than 12,000 Indian remains in storage.  2/3 of the collection (including human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, and ceremonial objects) was given back to the tribal communities.  

The Washington, DC branch of the museum opened in 2004.  It was the first national museum in the country dedicated exclusively to Native Americans.  

National Air and Space Museum

Did you know that the National Air and Space Museum is one of the most popular museums in the world?  The museum is so large that its collection is actually housed in two locations one in Chantilly, Virginia and the other in Washington, DC.  In this post, we’ll be discussing the DC location.

The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum has undergone a massive overhaul and re-opened their doors in October of 2022.  Eight newly renovated galleries are now open.  The remaining galleries are expected to be unveiled in 2025.  The new exhibits invite visitors to explore air and space in new, interactive, and exciting ways.  We can’t wait to visit again once the museum is completely open to see what this masterpiece evolves into! 

Hirshhorn Museum

The Hirsshorn Museum and Sculpture garden houses  collection of contemporary and modern art primarily from the post-World War II period.  It is located halfway between the Washington Monument and the US Capitol.  

Notable artists featured in the Hirshhorn include Picasso, Matisse, Cassatt, Pollock, Rodin, and more.  

National Museum of African Art

The National Museum of African Art holds the largest collection of African art.   9,000 works of traditional and contemporary African art and 300,000 photographs are housed within the museum.

Founded in 1964, it was the first museum dedicated to African art in the United States.  The museum’s objects range from 15th-century sculptures and masks to contemporary art.

National Museum of Asian Art

The Asian art collection is housed in two buildings the The Freer Gallery of Art and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery.  The Freer houses over 26,000 objects spanning 6,000 of history from the Neolitich to the modern eras.  The Sackler Gallery also holds ancient and contemporary pieces, many of which were donated by pharmaceuticalist Arthur Sackler.  

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Opening in 2016, one of the newest museums on the National Mall is the National Museum of African American History and Culture.  This extremely popular museum is the world’s largest museum dedicated to African-American history and culture.  The museum has more than 40,000 objects in its collection, although a majority of them are not on display.  

The building, modeled after an old slave ship, features 10 stories- 5 below ground and 5 above ground.  Some of the items you may see here include several items from the São José-Paquete de Africa ( a slave ship excavated off the coast of South Africa in 2015), personal effects of Harriet Tubman including her hymnal and a shawl given to her by Queen Victoria, and garments, feet and wrist manacles worn by slaves.   

You’ll also find an entire slave cabin that was deconstructed and rebuilt from it’s original  location on Edisto Island, South Carolina. 

Relics from the Jim Crow/Civil Rights era include a segregated train car, several historical signs, the dress Rosa Parks was sewing the day she refused to give up her seat, and more.

There are also several pop culture items such as Muhammad Ali’s gloves, a cape and jumpsuit worn by soul singer James Brown, costumes from the musical The Wiz, Chuck Berry’s red Cadillac convertible, Kobe Bryant’s uniform, and items from President Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential campaign.

National Museum of American History

The National Museum of American History houses some of the most important artifacts from America’s past. The collection features more than 3 million historical objects from colonial times to modern day.

The museum focuses on more than just history, you’ll find several relics from pop culture, scientific discovers, and more.  Where else are you going to find the Star-Spangled Banner, C3P0, Alexander Grand Bells’ Large Box Telephone and Prince’s Yellow Cloud Electric Guitar, all under one roof?

The addition of pop culture relics helps make this museum fun and entertaining for all ages!  The museum is a part of the Smithsonian Institution and is located on the National Mall in Washington, DC.

National Museum of Natural History

Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History is the world’s most popular natural history museum.  The museum, which is larger than 18 football fields, is located in the heart of the National Mall and is definitely worth a visit.  The museum follows the journey of the Earth and the life that inhabits it over the course of billions of years.  The museum is home to the largest natural history collection in the world.  

National Gallery of Art

The museum is split into two buildings, the East Building and the West Building.  The East Building has an impressive collection of modern and contemporary art including pieces by Picasso, Jackson Pollock, Georgia O’Keeffe and Matisse.  The West Building houses the historical collection including works by da Vinci, Vermeer, Monet, van Dyck, Raphael, and Cezanne. 

Other Sites on the National Mall

Garfield monument.

Four months after President James A. Garfield was elected as the 20th President of the United States, he was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau.  The monument was unveiled in 1887, features three allegorical figures: the Student (depicting his time as an educator), the Warrior (commemorating his service during the Civil War), and the Statesmen (a nod to his career as a public servant).

Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial

This Memorial honors Dwight “Ike” D. Eisenhower, the President and Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe during World War II.  The memorial features large columns framing a mesh tapestry that depicts the site of the Normandy landings, and bronze statues of Eisenhower in various settings.  

Smithsonian Castle

Nicknamed the castle because of it’s Romanesque and early Gothic motifs, this building was completed in 1855.  It was the first Smithsonian Building and today serves as the Visitor Center to the Smithsonian Museums.

John Paul Jones Memorial

This memorial is dedicated to the man who once famously said, “I have not yet begun to fight!”  John Paul Jones was our country’s first naval war hero and father of the United States Navy.  He was the only naval officer to receive a Congressional Gold Medal during the American Revolutionary War.  

His monument was dedicated in 1912 and was the first monument raised in Potomac Park, near the Tidal Basin.  

District of Columbia War Memorial

Personally, I think this is one of the most beautiful memorial’s on the National Mall.  It was constructed in 1931 to honor the 26,000 DC residents who served (and the 499 who died) in WWI.  

The memorial is a circular, open-air Corinthian temple with a domed roof.  It is surrounded by open lawn and flanked on the east and west sides by Ash Woods, a large grove of elm, maple, beech, and oak trees.

John Ericsson Memorial

Although he may not be as famous as some of his National Mall counterparts, John Ericsson is the man who revolutionized naval history with his invention of the screw propeller.  Ericsson also designed the USS Monitor, a Union ship used during the American Civil War.  

The Arts of War and The Arts of Peace Sculptures

These bronze statue groups are located by the Watergate Steps and the Lincoln Memorial.  They were commissioned in 1929 to accent the plaza on the east side of the Lincoln Memorial and as part of the Arlington Memorial Bridge.   The Arts of War  were sculpted by Leo Friedlander and features Valor and Sacrifice .   The Arts of Peace were sculpted by James Earle Fraser and feature  Music and Harvest and Aspiration and Literature. 

National Desert Storm and Desert Shield Memorial

This brand new national monument is scheduled to be completed in 2024.  It will honor those who served on active duty to support Operation Desert Storm or Operation Desert Shield.  The monument will aim to educate visitors about the events of the two operations and celebrate the 34-nation coalition that banded together to liberate Kuwait.  

Constitution Gardens & Signers Memorial

Situated next to the Reflecting Pool and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, the Constitution Gardens has a small pond which contains a memorial to the 56 signers of the Declaration of Independence.  Each stone includes the delegates signature, name, occupation, and place of residence.   Some notable names include John Hancock, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Richard Henry Lee,  Francis Lightfoot Lee, and John Penn.

The Lockkeeper's House

Aside from the White House, this is the oldest building on the National Mall.  It was built in 1837 at what i snow the corner of 17th Street, NW and Constitution Avenue.  This area was once part of the Washington City Canal which connected to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (C&O Canal).  The 35o square foot home served as the canal lock keeper’s residence.  They were responsible for collecting tolls, recording commerce, and managing traffic in the canal.

In 2017, the National Park Service moved the building to its current location.  The house now serves as an NPS education center.

Peace Monument

Also known as the Naval Monument or the Civil War Sailors Monument, the Peace Monument was erected on the grounds of the US Capitol in the late 1870s.  It memorializes naval deaths at sea during the Civil War.  Today, it stands as part of a three-part sculpture group including the James A. Garfield Monument and the Ulysses S. Grant Memorial.

Ulysses S. Grant Memorial

This memorial honors the American Civil War General and 18th United States President Ulysses S. Grant.  The memorial is situated at the base of Capitol Hill, below the west front of the US Capitol.  It features Grant on horseback overlooking the Capitol Reflecting Pool, and facing the Lincoln Memorial, which honors Grant’s wartime president, Abraham Lincoln.

Getting to the National Mall

I won’t sugarcoat it, parking in DC sucks.  I’ve arrived to the National Mall via car many times, and each time we’ve had to circle around for parking.  Visitor parking is available along Ohio Drive, SW between the Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson Memorials.  

There are approximately 1,200 metered parking spaces throughout the National Mall area.  Pay stations accept credit and debit cards only- no cash.  You can also e-pay using the Parkmobile app or website.  

There are about 400 free parking spaces at Hains Point, in East Potomac Park.

Using public transportation is the best option for reaching the National Mall with ease.  

The Mall area on the east can be reached using the following Metro stations: Federal Center at 3rd and D Streets, SW; L’Enfant Plaza at Maryland Avenue and 7th Street, SW; Archives-Navy Memorial at Pennsylvania Avenue and 7th Street, NW; Smithsonian at 12th Street on the Mall, SW; and Federal Triangle along 12th Street between Pennsylvania and Constitution Avenues, NW.

The west end of the National Mall can be accessed using any of the following stations: Farragut West at 17th and I or 18th and I Streets, NW; Foggy Bottom/George Washington University at 23rd and I Streets, NW; and Arlington Cemetery across Arlington Memorial Bridge over the Potomac River.

Convenient Metro access to the uptown memorial parks is through the following stations: Foggy Bottom/George Washington University ; Dupont Circle ; Farragut West ; Farragut North ; U Street/African American Civil War Memorial/Cardozo ; Shaw-Howard U ; McPherson Square ; Metro Center ; Mt. Vernon Square/7th Street/Convention Center; Gallery Place/Chinatown ; Judiciary Court ; Union Station ; Federal Center SW ; L’Enfant Plaza ; and Waterfront .

Eating at the National Mall

The National Mall is the mecca for DC food trucks.  We’re talking more than 100 of them!  This means that food is not only easily accessible, but also that there’s something for everyone!

Additionally, several of the Smithsonian’s feature cafes.

• Sweet Home Café @ African American History and Culture Museum
• Mars Café @ Air and Space Museum
• Shake Shack @ the Air and Space Museum- Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
• Courtyard Cafe @ American Art Museum and Portrait Gallery
• Eat at America’s Table @ American History Museum
• Jazz Café @ American History Museum
• Mitsitam Café @ American Indian Museum
• Dolcezza Coffee & Gelato @ Hirshhorn
• Atrium Café @ Natural History Museum
• Ocean Terrace Café @ Natural History Museum
• Castle Café @ Smithsonian Castle

Where to Find Public Restrooms

All of the museums and major monuments/memorials have public restrooms.  You’ll also find restrooms near Constitution Gardens, near the Washington Monument, and by the World War II Memorial.

Nearby and Worth the Visit

East of the capitol.

Library of Congress

Believe it or not, an overwhelming 1.7 million visitors visit this library each year!  

The Library of Congress was founded in 1800, making it the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States.  Known as the largest library in the world, the Library of Congress has a collection of more than 38 million books, 14 million photographs, 5.5 million maps, and so much more.  

Be sure to head upstairs to the overlook of the main reading room, it’s absolutely stunning.  

Sure, the book collection is great, but the architecture of the Library of Congress, is awe-inspiring.  

Highlights of the Library of Congress include a Gutenberg Bible and Thomas Jefferson’s personal library.  In 1815, Congress approved the purchase of 6,487 books for $23,950.  Visitors can peruse his private  collection.

If you’re visiting with kids, be sure to check out the Children’s Library.  It’s rather small, bu tour kids enjoyed browsing the familiar titles.

Supreme Court

Known as the highest court in the land, the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) has the ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all US federal cases, and over state cases that involve a point of federal law.  

Unfortunately, at this time, court hearings are not open to the public.  

Folger Shakespeare Library

This independent research library is located on Capitol Hill.  It features the world’ largest collection of printed works of William Shakespeare, and houses a collection of rare materials from 1500 – 1750 Britain and Europe.  The collection also includes 250,000 playbills, 2,000 promptbooks, costumes, recordings and props.  It holds 90,000 paintings, prints, drawings, photographs, sculptures and other visual arts.

North of the National Mall

Ford's theatre.

Ford’s Theatre is the scene of one of the most tragic events in American history; the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.  This  National Historic Site  is composed of four parts:  the Museum, the Theatre (where Lincoln was shot), the Petersen House (where Lincoln died), the museum, and the Aftermath Exhibits.  These sites have exhibits that tell the story of Lincoln’s presidency, his assassination, and the legacy Lincoln left.

Although this venue is located off of the National Mall, you can easily access it from the Mall and it is well worth a visit.  The Ford’s Theatre   a must-see while in Washington, DC.

National Portrait Gallery

You can learn a lot about a nation and its history through portraits of its people- both the leaders and the commoners.  The National Portrait Gallery is a prime example of this.  The gallery houses everything from portraits of presidents to paintings of everyday people.

The Hall of American Presidents is probably the most visited part of the museum.  There is a portrait of each president- each one of them unique in their own way.

National Children's Museum

The National Children’s Museum sparks curiosity in STEAM for children ages 12 and under.  STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and math) activities help develop soft skills (creativity, problem-solving, collaboration), increase engagement and motivation, and help personalize learning experiences for children.  The activities help capture their interest in fun, engaging, and innovative ways.

We found this was a great way to balance out out the heaviness of visiting Ford’s Theatre.

National Archives

The National Archives Building is where many of the key documents that have formed our nation are stored.  These record include paper documents, microfilm, pictures, motion pictures, and electronic media.  Census records are among the most frequently requested documents at the National Archives (for genealogy research).  

Some notable documents include the Magna Carta, the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, and the Constitution of the United States.

Northwest of the National Mall

The white house.

Visiting the White House is the opportunity of a lifetime. The White House tour is one of my most memorable experiences from all of my trips to Washington, DC. It requires a bit of planning to schedule a tour of the White House. Trust me when I say that it is well worth the effort!

Want to know how you can get a White House Tour?  Read all about it in our Guide to Visiting the White House !

The White House Visitor Center

The White House Visitor exhibit area features nearly 100 historical artifacts, archival footage, interactive displays, informational panels, videos, and photos from the most famous house in the United States of America. There is even a large-scale model of the White House and tactile exhibits that kids will love!

Unlike the  White House  which requires that you book a tour in advance, the White House Visitor Center is open to anyone. The White House Visitor Center is operated by the National Park Service and is free and open to the public. It provides an insight into what life in the White House is like for the First Families through artifacts. These relics include Franklin D. Roosevelt’s desk, Abraham Lincoln’s china, copies of the First Lady’s date books, and photos of visits from royal families around the globe.

Albert Einstein Memorial

The Albert Einstein Memorial depicts Einstein seated with manuscript papers in hand.  It honors one of the most influential physicists of all time.  He worked with President FDR to develop 

Southwest of the National Mall

Arlington house.

Arlington House is the national’s memorial to Robert E. Lee.  Interestingly, it is the only national memorial that honors a person who fought a war against the United States.   Lee served as a general in the Confederate Army from 1861 until 1865.  On April 9, 1865, he was cornered by General Ulysses S. Grant’s Union Army where he eventually surrendered.

To be clear, the memorial doesn’t hoor the Confederacy, instead it honors Lee for his role in promoting peace and reunion following the Civil War.  

The house itself was built on Arlington Estate by George Washington Parke Custis, as a memorial to his foster father, George Washington.  Robert E. Lee never owned the home, however.  Instead, it was left to his wife and son in Custis’s will.

 Today, it is now in the middle of the U.S. Army’s Arlington National Cemetery.  

Arlington National Cemetery

This cemetery is the final resting place for nearly 400,000 people.  Arlington National Cemetery was established during the Civil War.  

Notable burials include:

• President William H. Taft
• President John F. Kennedy & his wife Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
• Senator Robert F. Kenney
• Senator Ted Kennedy
• Senator (and astronaut) John Glenn

Franklin D. Roosevelt Memorial

Located just off the National Mall, the FDR Memorial was dedicated in 1997.  It honors the only president to hold four terms in office.  He was best known for leading the country through the Great Depression and World War II.  

Thomas Jefferson Memorial

The Thomas Jefferson Memorial was built to honor the incredible statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, Founding Father, and third President of the United States.  Jefferson was the chief author of the Declaration of Independence, a pivotal intellectual force behind the American Revolution, and the founder of the Democratic-Republican Party.

The memorial is built in the neoclassical style and features multiple quotes that capture Jefferson’s ideology, philosophy, and legacy.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial

The Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial is located in West Potomac Park, right next to the National Mall. King was a clergyman, activist and key leader of the Civil Rights Movement.  He advocated for nonviolent resistance and inspired countless people of color to stand up for their rights.

The centerpiece of the memorial is a granite statue of Martin Luther King, Jr. called “Stone of Hope.”  Inspiration for the piece comes from a line in King’s “I Have a Dream” speech where he stated, “Out of the mountain of despair, a stone of hope.”

The memorial opened on August 22, 2011 after more than two decades of fund-raising, planning, and construction.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

One of the most moving museums in the District of Columbia is the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM).  The USHMM is our nation’s official memorial to the Holocaust.  The center is dedicated to helping the leaders and citizens of the world fight hatred, prevent genocide, and promote human dignity, peace, and kindness. 

The USHMM contains more than 12,750 artifacts, 93,000 library items, and a list of over 200,000 registered survivors and their families.  It is truly remarkable and an absolute must-see.

Despite its proximity to the Smithsonian museums, the USHMM is not part of the group.  Instead, it operates as an independent entity.  A timed entry ticket is required to enter.

Ready to Start Planning?

Honestly, there’s nothing like a trip to Washington, DC.  It is the perfect destination for families.  If a museum or monument isn’t holding your kids attention, there’s always another one you can check out- and it’ll most likely be free!

If you’d like a little guidance for your itinerary, see our 4 Day Itinerary .  It was designed with young kids in mind and hits a lot of the most popular sights in Washington, DC such as:

The White House National Museum of American History National Air & Space Museum Ford’s Theater Lincoln Memorial Washington Monument National Children’s Museum

and so much more!

Save Our Ultimate Guide to the National Mall and Beyond!

For future reference, be sure to save our Ultimate Guide to the National Mall and Beyond!   Pin one of the images below to Pinterest.  Go ahead and follow 5 Suitcases on Pinterest  while you’re at it!

If you’re planning a trip to Washington, DC, be sure to check out our 4 day itinerary and our list of 15 Must See Places in Washington, DC .  You can also learn how to visit the White House.

Be sure to give us a like on  Facebook  or follow us on  Instagram   and  Twitter   for more travel tips and tricks. See you next time!

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Definitive Guide To The National Mall in Washington D.C.: What To Do and See

Wondering what to see and do on the National Mall in Washington D.C.? Here’s my guide to visiting the National Mall, which is home to some of the most beloved treasures in D.C.

This guide covers all the top monuments, memorials, museums, and historic landmarks on the National Mall. To help you along, I give you must know tips for visiting. I also tell you about other nearby attractions and the famous monuments surrounding the Tidal Basin.

The National Mall is the heart of Washington, D.C. and the center of sightseeing in the city. It’s 2 miles long and sees over 25 million visitors per year.

The Mall is stuffed with historical landmarks honoring the legacy and history of the United States.

I lived in the D.C. area for 20+ years, so I’ve visited the National Mall dozens of times. In fact, I went again just last week on a long weekend visit.

What To See At The National Mall

Here’s my list of the top 25+ attractions to see on or near the National Mall. My list includes all the magnificent monuments, memorials, and world class museums on the National Mall and Tidal Basin.

These National Mall attractions are listed in the order you’ll encounter them, moving from the Lincoln Memorial in the west to the U.S. Capitol in the east.

There’s so much to see and do at the National Mall that visiting could take days. With this National Mall guide in hand, you can pick and choose what you what to see on the National Mall over the course of your Washington D.C. visit.

1. Lincoln Memorial

The Lincoln Memorial is a tribute in marble to our 16th president, Abraham Lincoln. The columned memorial was built to resemble a Greek temple, modeled after the Parthenon . There are 36 Doric columns.

A marble staircase leads up to a sculpture of Lincoln by the American sculptor Daniel Chester French . It’s situated in the center of the memorial chamber and is the visual highlight of the monument. A seated Lincoln is deep in contemplation with hands clenched.

On the ceiling is a mural panted by Julies Guercin depicting the angel of truth freeing slaves.

The south wall is inscribed with the words from Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. The north wall is inscribed with the words from Lincoln’s second inaugural address.

The Lincoln Memorial was the site of Martin Luther King Jr.’s famous “I have a Dream” speech in 1963. The memorial’s steps are a great place to stop, rest, and enjoy the view

2. Vietnam Veterans Memorial

Dedicated in 1982, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is a profoundly moving monument. It’s, by far, the most popular memorial on the National Mall. It’s as iconic as the Lincoln Memorial and well-cherished.

The memorial is in three parts: the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall, The Three Soldiers Statue, and the Vietnam Women’s Memorial.

The solemn Memorial Wall, designed by Maya Kin, is the most moving and powerful section. The minimalist wall, which cuts into the earth’s surface, was shocking when it was unveiled.

Lacking the typical heroic statues, it was initially derided as a “black trench” on the mall. But it built a grassroots following of fans.

The Memorial Wall consists of a long V shaped granite wall. The wall bears the names, in a seemingly never ending account, of over 58,000 of the dead and missing in action from the war of folly.

The wall is reflective. That means you see your own reflection in the wall as you’re reading the names. It’s a way of connecting the living to the lost.

The thing I like about this memorial is that it showcases the warriors, not the war itself. Photos, flowers, and other tributes are often left by visitors.

3. Korean War Memorial

From 1950-53, the US joined the United Nations to fight in the Korean War. Dedicated in 1995, the Korean War Memorial honors the more than 50,000 Americans who fought in that war.

You approach the memorial along a winding path. A triangular garden is supposed to simulate a battlefield.

You’ll see 19 larger-than-life stainless steel sculptures. They depict soldiers clad in ponchos.

The figures gesture, crouch, and spring to action. They stand in a bed of juniper bushes, meant to evoke the rice paddies of Korea.

On a 164 foot wall flanking the sculptures, you’ll see faces of soldiers sandblasted into black granite. At the top of the memorial is the slogan “Freedom Is Not Free.”

4. Constitution Gardens

Constitution Gardens is a pastoral oasis on the bustling National Mall. There’s a lake in the park with a small island.

On the island, you’ll find a memorial dedicated to the 56 signers of the Declaration of Independence. It’s a semi-circular granite sculpture. It bears the names and signatures of the singers as they appeared on the document.

This is also a place to enjoy a bit of nature. You can also stroll along tree-lined paths and admire the gardens themselves.

5. World War II Memorial

The WWII Memorial sprawls across 7.5 acres not The National Mall. It’s at the top of the reflecting pool. Bronze reliefs show battle scenes.

The Neo-Classical memorial has a fountain in the center. It’s encircled with 56 granite columns and arches. The columns stand for the 50 states and territories.

Two massive arches represent the war from both the Pacific and Atlantic fronts. The Freedom Wall pays tribute to those that died in the conflict.

It’s adorned with over 4,000 gold stars which represent 400,000 Americans who died during the WWII. There are designated sections of the memorial which commemorate important dates of major events like Pearl Harbor and D-Day.

The National Park Service offers daily tours of the WWII Memorial every hour on the hour.

I have to confess this isn’t my favorite memorial on the mall. The architecture is rather bland. The arches have a whiff of imperialism, perhaps glorifying the war.

The memorial also makes me think of a water park, especially when people rather disrespectfully hop into the Rainbow Pool.

6. Washington Monument

The Washington Monument honors the first president of the United States, George Washington.

It’s the tallest structure in the nation’s capital, towering 555 feet above the National Mall.

After design squabbles that latest decades, the obelisk was finally finished in 1885. The monument is the world’s tallest obelisk.

After lengthy off and on closures for the pandemic and renovations, the monument reopened to visitors in July 2021.

With a timed entry ticket , you can ride the elevator to the top for spectacular views of the city. You’ll need to book in advance and go through several layers of security.

One the way down, you can see the changes in the marble from the older and newer parts.

7. World War I Memorial

More than a century after World War I ended, a WWI Memorial dedicated to the global conflict opened to the public in April 2021. The memorial is across from the White House Visitor’s Center.

It honors the 4.7 million Americans who served in World War I, including 116,516 who died in sacrifice.

The memorial is unfinished. The central element of the Memorial will be a 60 foot long bas-relief sculpture titled  A Soldier’s Journey .

This Wall of Remembrance is scheduled to be installed in 2024. For the time being, a canvas with sketches of the future sculpture stands in its place.

The WWI memorial incorporates a statue of General John J. Pershing. There’s also a Peace Fountain and a stone wall bearing an excerpt from Archibald MacLeish’s poem The Young Dead Soldiers Do Not Speak .

8. White House

Take a left and veer north to get a glimpse of the White House.

The presidential estate is bounded by the pedestrian-only Pennsylvania Avenue. This is a great place for an up-close view and to snap photos

White House tours need to be planned far in advance. If you can’t make it inside, the public White House Visitor Center provides an extensive overview of the building and its history.

9. National Museum of African American History and Culture

The National Museum of African American History and Culture is the newest addition to the Smithsonian family. It was inaugurated in 2016 by President Barack Obama.

This Smithsonian museum is a revelation. It houses artifacts, photography, and other media reflecting the culture, heritage, and experiences of African Americans.

You’ll find Harriet Tubman’s personal clothing, slave shackles, a bill of a sale for a young slaved girl, Louis Armstrong’s trumpet, and photos of black civil rights activists. A top exhibit is the Emancipation Proclamation.

Even the architecture of the museum is stunning. The entire building is wrapped in an ornamental bronze colored metal lattice. It pays homage to the iron works crafted by American slaves.

The museum is one of the most popular Smithsonian museums. Because of this, the museum requires visitors reserve a timed entry pass online before arriving, which is free.

Here’s my complete guide to the Smithsonian African American Museum . If you’d like a guided tour of the museum during your walking tour of the National Mall, click here to book one.

10. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

The Holocaust Memorial Museum is one of the top attractions in Washington D.C. It’s definitely worth visiting. 

The Museum is a living memorial to the Holocaust, one of the world’s most horrific tragedies. It’s a place for somber reflection on man’s inhumanity to man.

Founded in 1993, the Holocaust Memorial Museum is a modern museum that captures the visceral memories of a nightmare. It shines a harrowing light on the insane megalomania and brutality of the Nazi party, who stole not just lives but identities.

With unflinching eye-opening detail, the museum documents the rise of the Nazi party and its atrocities. It reveals the demonic not in a grandiose way, but in the most minute bone chilling details.

Here’s my complete guide to the Holocaust Museum , with tips for visiting. Free timed entry passes are required for the permanent exhibit.

11. National Museum of American History

The National Museum of American History collects and preserves significant artifacts from American history and popular culture. There are more than 3 million items in the collection.

The most popular treasures include the original Star-Spangled Banner, Abraham Lincoln’s top hat, Dorothy’s ruby slippers from The Wizard of Oz , Jacqueline Kennedy’s yellow silk state dinner dress, and Julia Child’s kitchen.

The museum hosts myriad public programs, including lectures, tours, demonstrations, and live theater experiences. The museum also offers music programs by resident jazz and chamber ensembles.

12. Smithsonian Castle

The Smithsonian Castle houses the Smithsonian Institution’s administrative offices and information center. You could make this a starting point for your National Mall journey.

At the castle, you can get a sense of the scope and scale of the Smithsonian museums. You can also tour the castle and admire its 19th century architecture.

You can see see what exhibits are at the Smithsonian museums. You can also consult with in-house experts about what are the best things for you to see and do on the National Mall.

13. National Museum of Asian Art

The National Museum of Asian Art preserves, exhibits, and interprets Asian art in ways that deepen our understandings of Asia, the United States, and the world.

This museum consists of two separate galleries, the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and the Freer Gallery of Art. It houses more than 40,000 objects dating from the Neolithic period to the present.

The object and artifacts originate from the ancient Near East to China, Japan, Korea, South and Southeast Asia, and the Islamic world.

Another highlight of the museum are works by American painter James McNeill Whistler, including the famed Peacock Room . It’s a gorgeous harmony of blue and gold, filled with peacocks.

Before the Peacock Room was painted by Whistler, the panels were in the dining room in the London mansion of Frederick Leyland.

Here’s my complete guide to the Museum of Asian Art .

14. Hirshhorn Museum

The Hirshhorn Museum is where you go to experience modern and contemporary art. The museum’s vast collection boasts a comprehensive range of pioneering painting, sculpture, photography, and video from 21st century artists.

The museum has works by artists such as Edward Hopper, Constantine Brancusi, Alberto Giacometti, Wilhem de Kooning, and living artists.

Free tours take place twice a day. You can pop into Dolcezza for an espresso or gelato.

You can also visit the magnificent Hirshhorn Sculpture Garden. It’s an outdoor art park filled with world famous, eye catching sculptures by some of the world’s greatest artists. 

First opened in 1974, the museum’s Sculpture Garden is 197,000 square feet of beauty.

In 1981, the garden was renovated. Landscape architect, Lester Collins, created a small jewel box, a “park within a park.” 

Here’s my guide to Hirshhorn Museum and my guide to the Hirshhorn Sculpture Garden .

15. National Museum of Natural History

This massive two story National Museum of Natural History is beloved by children, science lovers, and wannabe paleontologists. It boasts the largest natural history collection in the world. There are over 124 million objects and artifacts.

Highlights are the Hall of Human Origins, Sant Ocean Hall, Live Butterfly Pavilion, Last American Dinosaurs exhibit, and a Live Insect Zoo.

Perhaps the most famous exhibit is the 46 karat Hope Diamond. Its brilliant blue sparkle caught the eyes of Louis XIV and Marie Antoinette before disappearing during the French Revolution.

The museum could take all day to visit. Click here if you want a 2 hour guided tour of this fine museum.

16. National Gallery of Art

 The National Gallery of Art is one of the world’s best museums. It’s a preeminent cultural institution with a massive and revered collection of American and European art.

In my opinion, the NGA is the #1 attraction in Washington D.C., especially for art lovers.

The collection includes over 140,000 paintings, drawings, photographs, sculpture, and decorative arts from the 13th century to the present. The art ranges from Byzantine/Medieval altarpieces to Pop and Conceptual art. The museum has the only Leonardo da Vinci painting in the Untied States.

The NGA is a two part collection. It’s comprised of a West Wing and an East Wing.

The West Wing is massive. It’s the largest part of the museum.

The main floor alone consists of 90 galleries. They houses European art from the 11th to century to the early 1900s and American art from the 18th and 19th centuries. It’s arranged in chronological order by art periods and national schools.

Opened in 1978, the East Wing was designed by I.M. Pei. It houses the NGA’s modern and contemporary collections. They cover the turn of the 20th century to the present day.

You start in the Picasso era. Then, you’ll work your way through all the different phases of modernism — Dada, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Fauvism, and Pop art.

Here’s my complete guide to the National Gallery Of Art , with 30 masterpieces and tips for visiting. If you’d like a guide tour of this amazing museum, click here to book one.

17. National Air and Space Museum

Founded in 1876, the National Air and Space Museum is one of the most visited museums on the planet. The museum explores the evolution and science of air and space. It houses the world’s largest collection of aviation and space artifacts.

The museum has 23 exhibition galleries. You’ll see aircrafts, spacecrafts, Wright Brother experiments, and Charles Lindbergh’s Spirit of St. Louis .

The museum caters to both children and adults. There are IMAX movies, planetarium shows, and flight simulators.

If you want to visit both the Air and Space Museum and the Museum of American History, great museums for kids, you can book this 2 hour tour .

18. National Museum of the American Indian

This National Museum of the American Indian boasts one of the world’s most expansive collections of Native American objects. The museum is dedicated to bringing Native culture voices to life throughout its contemplative exhibitions.

The museum was designed exclusively by Native American architects. It’s visually striking, with limestone material intended to resemble rock formations formed by wind and water over thousands of years.

The collection spans more than 12,000 years of history across 1,200+ indigenous cultures from the Americas. The objects on display are diverse, with aesthetic religious, and historical significance.

19. Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial

The Eisenhower Memorial is just a short detour off the National Mall. It’s a 4 minute walk south from the American Indian Museum and well worth seeing. The memorial was designed by starchitect Frank Gehry.

It opened to the public on September 18, 2020. It traces the trajectory of Eisenhower’s career — from his coming of age, to his selection as Supreme Allied Commander during World War II, to his tenure as the 34th President of the United States.

Gehry’s memorial design is a mix of large architectural gestures, green space, and large scale figurative sculptural groups. Its key feature is a metal tapestry that’s 60 feet tall and 450 feet wide.

It’s almost three quarters of an acre of woven stainless steel, which is held aloft by piers the height of an eight story building. The screen replicates a freehand sketch by Gehry of a D-Day landing site in Normandy . The tapestry is nearly transparent in the daytime.

READ : One Week Itinerary For Normandy

20. United States Botanical Garden

The U.S. Botanical Garden is a state of the art indoor garden. It showcases approximately 4,000 seasonal, tropical and subtropical plants.

The gardens offers special exhibits and educational programs throughout the year. The goal of the Botanical Garden is to teach visitors about the importance of plants’ interrelationship with humans and a fragile ecosystem.

It was George Washington who wished to include a botanical garden on the National Mall. Established in 1820, this is the oldest operating botanical garden in the United States.

Currently, the outdoor gardens are open and the Conservatory is closed.

21. Ulysses S. Grant Memorial

The Ulysses S. Grant Memorial is a monument honoring the American Civil War general and 18th U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.

The memorial sits at the base of the U.S. Capitol. It’s the largest equestrian monument in the United States — 252 feet long by 71 feet wide by 44 feet high.

Grant and his horse, Cincinnati, are on a 22 foot marble pedestal. Grant is shown in his customary stillness, without a sword and wearing his wide brimmed army hat.

22. United States Capitol

At the far eastern end of the mall, just over 1 mile from the Washington Monument, sits the grand domed Capitol Building. There’s a reflecting pool in front of the building where you can snap your House of Cards style picture.

The U.S. Capitol was designed by Dr. William Thornton in 1793. It was partially burned by the British in the War of 1812, but fully restored.

Visitors must pre-book free tickets and begin their tour at the U.S. Capitol Visitor Center . Because of increased security, the Capitol Dome is open to the public for guided tours only.

Tours are conducted from 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday through Saturday. They include a look at the magnificent rotunda and the National Statuary Hall.

If you want to see Congress in session, reserve ahead through your local representative’s office.

Tips For Visiting the National Mall

1. where is the national mall.

The National Mall is located just south of downtown and the White House in Washington, D.C. The National Mall is one of the United State’s most prestigious and famous National Parks. 

2. How To Get to The National Mall

The National Mall is the busiest area in Washington, D.C. It’s best to take public transportation because parking is limited and expansive.

Metro Stations near the National Mall include:

• Smithsonian
• Federal Triangle
• Metro Center
• Gallery Place-Chinatown
• Capitol South
• L’Enfant Plaza
• Federal Center SW
• Archives-Navy Memorial
• Arlington National Cemetery.

There are many metered parking spaces on the National Mall along Madison and Jefferson Drives in front of the Smithsonian museums. But they usually fill quickly and on street parking is restricted to two hours.

3. Getting Around The National Mall

The National Mall is completely walkable. Be sure to wear comfortable shoes.

Not up for walking? Happily, you can take a bike tour , Segway tour , or electrical vehicle tour of the National Mall. Another option is to take a night tour , as the monuments are open and beautifully illuminated in the evening. 

If you want a regular guided bus tour, this tour will fit the bill.

4. Where To Stay in Washington D.C.

If you’re not a local, there are plenty fo great hotel options near the National Mall.

If you want a splurge, I’d stay at the St. Regis , the Waldorf Astoria , the Grand Hyatt , or the Willard Intercontinental . On my last visit, I stayed at the Hilton National Mall .

5. When To Go To The National Mall

The National Mall is frequently busy and crowded. The best time to go is the spring or fall. Though you can get sunny days in the winter as well.

In terms of timing, it’s best to go early in the morning or late in the afternoon. Morning is also the best time to go paddle boating, as they are rented on a first come first serve basis.

More Time In Washington D.C.?

If you have more time, there are plenty of other must visit attractions right near the National Mall, including the iconic monuments on the Tidal Basin.

1. Tidal Basin

After the mall, your first order of business is to head over to the Tidal Basin. It’s just south of the Reflecting Pool. Or, you could take a detour to the Tidal Basin after seeing the Washington Monument.

The Tidal Basin is a popular place for paddle boating. It’s also a prime place to catch sight of the city’s magnificent spring cherry blossoms.

The Tidal Basin is home to another cluster of important monuments in Washington D.C. You’ll find the Thomas Jefferson Memorial, the Franklin D. Roosevelt Memorial, and the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial.

2. Jefferson Memorial

The Jefferson Memorial is dedicated to the third president of the Untied States. He was politician, diplomat, architect, and philosopher.

Jefferson played a pivotal role in the American revolution and famously drafted the Declaration of Independence.

The Neo-Classical memorial was designed by John Russel Pope. It’s a round white marble gazebo like structure with a fetching location on an island in the Tidal Basin. It was inspired by the Pantheon in Rome , which Jefferson believed was the perfect building.

The memorial is open air. Inside is a 19 foot tall bronze statue of Jefferson, gazing at the White House. The walls of the memorial are engraved with text from is speeches, including the Declaration of Independence.

3. FDR Memorial

The FDR Memorial is a tribute to the 32nd president, the nation’s only four term president. The memorial is immersive.

It consists of four red granite outdoor alcoves. They represent each of FDR’s terms in office and the historical events that occurred.

Stone expresses the fracture and upheaval of the times. You’ll find bronze sculptures of Roosevelt, the First Lady, other citizens, and even a dog.

The sculptures depict images from the Depression and WWII. There are calming waterfalls and pools.

This is a good memorial to visit at night. It’s more peaceful then and you can see the play of the statues in the shimmering water.

4. MLK Memorial

The Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial is dedicated to the legendary civil rights leader. King’s most famous quotes are engraved on a 450 foot curving granite wall, giving you a lot of inspirational reading.

You enter the memorial through the granite Mountain of Despair with craggy contours. It’s a passage symbolizing the struggles of African Americans. There’s also a 30 foot tall (and rather grandiose) statue of King.

It emerges halfway out of the mountain of granite, looking like a mini Mount Rushmore.

With folded arms and grim expression, King looks uncharacteristically fierce or authoritarian. His eyes are fixed in the distance.

King doesn’t exactly look hopeful, though he’s standing on a self-described “stone of hope.” The statue was carved by Lei Yixin and it’s been criticized for having Mao-ist overtones.

5. National Portrait Gallery

With even more time, I’d head to the National Portrait Gallery , just north of the National Mall. The NPG is a beguiling combination of history, biography, and art all in one go. The wonderful museum tells the story of America, from pre-Revolutionary War to the present. 

The NPG houses an amazing collection of portraits of America’s most famous politicians, celebrities, writers, artists, sports figures, and influencers. The museum also has the world’s only complete collection of presidential portraits outside the White House.

Here’s my complete guide to the National Portrait Gallery , with tips for visiting.

I hope you’ve enjoyed my guide to what to see and do on the National Mall. You may enjoy these other U.S. city itineraries:

• 1 day itinerary for Portland Maine
• 2 days in Washington DC itinerary
• 2 day itinerary for Philadelphia
• 3 day itinerary for Boston
• 1 day itinerary for Cambridge
• Top attractions in Salem Massachusetts
• Top attractions in Boulder Colorado
• 1 day itinerary for Denver
• 2 day itinerary for Cleveland Ohio
• Best Things To Do in Pittsburgh
• 1 day itinerary for Providence Rhode Island

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Last Updated on February 11, 2023 by Leslie Livingston

National Mall

The National Mall is America’s most-visited national park, where the past, present and future come together.

Monumental, Historic, Emotional, Iconic, Patriotic

There’s nothing like arriving on the National Mall for the very first time.

Seeing the  Washington Monument  rise majestically to the sky, surrounded by the stately  U.S. Capitol Building  at one end and the dignified  Lincoln Memorial  at the other, it’s hard not to think of America’s history. Explore the swath of land nicknamed “America’s front yard” and you’ll find inspiring monuments and memorials, museums and family fun.

The monuments and memorials in this park honor American forefathers and heroes who paid the ultimate sacrifice in service to this country. From the “I Have a Dream” speech to the AIDS Quilt, the Mall is the national stage where movements and celebrations take place, where people gather to have their voices heard.

But the National Mall is much more than a lesson in history through memorials made of stone. East of the Washington Monument lies world-class museums with something for everyone, including the  Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture , the newest addition the Mall’s impressive lineup of museums.

Pause for remembrance and learn about the fragility of freedom at the  United States Holocaust Memorial Museum , interpret the meaning of original Da Vinci and Van Gogh works at the  National Gallery of Art  or pick your own adventure from the many Smithsonian Institution Museums .

Wander along the wide, pedestrian-friendly, tree-lined boulevards and take in the history and scenery of America’s front yard, or admire the scenery during the comfort of a  Big Bus Tour . There’s always something to see and do, as the Mall plays host to  events of all sizes  almost every week.

@ ian.a.bentley

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Featured Events

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Discover the best things to do in Washington, DC, from events happening right now to annual festivals and more.

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This historic city square and neighborhood masterfully blends DC’s past and present, perfect for business and pleasure.

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Satisfy your appetite for hip restaurants and culture in this diverse ’hood where museums like the National Portrait Gallery keep company with eateries by celebrity chefs.

Take a look inside petworth, a close-knit residential neighborhood with local draws that beckon for you to explore., shaw is hip, trendy and edgy. from the live rock and roll music to the african-american civil war memorial, you’ll get plenty of excitement and culture here..

Southwest & The Wharf

The Southwest & The Wharf neighborhood is a must-visit for experiencing the arts and local history, as well as The Wharf's many restaurants, shops, concert venues and on-the-water activities.

The part of the city that never sleeps, u street stays up late and knows how to have a good time..

Upper Northwest

The tree-filled upper northwest neighborhoods of DC offer historic homes, the National Cathedral, cozy restaurants and great shopping.

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Lincoln Memorial Guide

This post is a guide to visiting the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC, including information on its architecture, symbolism, and myths.

I will also explain how you can tour the Lincoln Memorial, on your own, or with a group - maybe us, Free Tours by Foot .

As local walking tour guides, the Lincoln Memorial is like a second home to us. We are here every day!

We lead hundreds if not thousands of people each week into the memorial, and, the amazement in our guests' eyes when they see Lincoln for the first time, well, it never gets old.

Please use this post as a guide for your visit.

Below is a short and humorous 3-minute video, produced by one of our tour guides, summarizing what follows in this post.

• Hours & Directions
• Tours of the Memorial
• Architecture and Design

Myths about the Lincoln Memorial

Plan your visit.

The Lincoln Memorial is free to visit open to the public all day and night with no tickets required.

Located at the far west end of the National Mall, it is next to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and Korean War Veterans Memorial, and the Albert Einstein Memorial.

There is no Metro station on this end of the National Mall, but the Lincoln Memorial is only a 10-12 minute walk from Foggy Bottom/GWU Station.

There is no parking lot at the memorials but I am usually able to find street parking in area.

Because so many people want to know how to get to the Lincoln Memorial , we have a whole post all about parking, public transportation, and directions.

TOURS OF THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL

Guided tours.

The Lincoln Memorial is a stop on our National Mall Tour (as well as our National Mall & Tidal Basin and Memorials and Moonlight versions)

We also have a GPS-enabled audio tour of the National Mall, which includes a stop at the Lincoln Memorial.

I think our tours of the Lincoln Memorial are one of the best ways as we will give you both a guided tour of the memorial as well as free time to take photos. For our younger visitors, we always include a scavenger hunt type mission - usually to find the spelling error!

All guided bus tours go to the Lincoln Memorial.  

Several of the premium tour companies, such as USA Guided Tours , have a tour guide in addition to drivers, who will accompany you to the Lincoln Memorial for a guided walking tour.

Ranger Talks  

Park Rangers provide "interpretive programs" on the hour every hour from 10 a.m. until 11 p.m.  

The enjoyment factor depends greatly on who is giving the tour, as some rangers seem more interested than others, but they are usually all very informative. These talks are free.  

The National Park Service has posted some of these talks under " reflections " on their Lincoln Memorial Interactive site.

One of the ranger talks that I have especially enjoyed are the runs with a ranger offered on select dates!

Mobile Phone Tour  

The Park Service also offers a mobile phone tour of the memorial.  

Dial  (202) 747-3420 when you are at the memorial and enter the corresponding item number that you want to learn about.

The Park Service also offers a visitor's app for the National Mall for both Android and iPhone.

THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL

If you're interested in knowing more about the symbolism and history of the memorial, I've written up a guide with information that I share when leading the National Mall Tour!

Dedicated to the 16th President of the United States, the Abraham Lincoln Memorial sits at the western end of the National Mall looking down towards the Washington Monument and the U.S. Capitol.

The memorial itself was designed by Architect Henry Bacon and the famed statue of Lincoln was sculpted by Daniel Chester French and the Piccirilli brothers.

There are many aspects of the memorial but a few main highlights that I like suggest as must-sees while visiting are:

• Gettysburg Address
• Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address
• Dr. King's "I Have A Dream" Plaque
• Reflecting Pool
• Statue of Abraham Lincoln

EXTERIOR ARCHITECTURE:

The Memorial is marble structure based on a temple in Athens, Greece known as the Parthenon.

The perimeter has 36 Corinthian order columns, one for each of the thirty-six states that made up the United States when Lincoln died.

There are two rows of state names. The lower level contains 36 states (matching the columns).

Starting from the left is Delaware, the first state to ratify the U.S. Constitution. Next is Pennsylvania (the second), and so on and so forth.  

Interspersed between each state on the lower level is a wreath of northern laurel on top of the southern pine.  

Despite laurel and pine being abundant in both the northern and southern states during the American Civil War, it would seem to be a subtle acknowledgment of the Union's victory over the Confederacy.

The upper row lists the 48 states of the United States of America in 1922, the year of the Memorial's dedication.  At this time, Alaska and Hawaii were not yet states but they are recognized with a plaque on the steps.

Just above this row, one can see eagles, and Roman victory tripods with garland festoons.  

On the plaza level, closest to the roadway, you will find a large bronze plaque commemorating Alaska and Hawaii becoming the 49th and 50th states of the union.

Most visitors to the memorial will go straight inside, totally oblivious to the features of the memorial hidden in plain sight.

However, these are actually important symbols.

They are Roman fasces, wooden rods tied together by leather, and the victory tripods found on both sides of the grand staircase. The first was a symbol of authority for Roman magistrates and was included to convey a similar executive authority of Lincoln.  

The fasces found on the exterior of the memorial have an American flair with 13 rods (13 colonies) and an American bald eagle atop the ax. The fasces are also a symbol of unity; the individual rods, like the states, are weak, but unified, they are strong.  

In fact, this symbol of the fasces is so important, that you will also see them inside on the walls and on the Lincoln statue itself.  

During World War II, fasces would be very controversial, as the fascist government of Italy would choose fasces for both their name and flag.  

The second is the victory tripods, an ancient Roman symbol of victory. These are adorned with Americana, tobacco, corn, and eagles.  

Learn more about the secret symbols of the Lincoln Memorial .

In the center of the last landing, before reaching the statue chamber, you will find an engraving "I Have a Dream."

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, August 28, 1963. This marks the spot where Martin Luther King Jr delivered his famous speech.  

Be sure to check out the  Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial  on the Tidal Basin, a 10-minute walk from the Lincoln.

Constructing the Lincoln Memorial was truly a national effort and included items from many different states, combining to form the whole, just as Lincoln would have wanted.

STATUE AND INTERIOR:

One of the most recognizable statues in the world, this colossus statue of Lincoln will impress you.  

From the bottom of his feet to the top of his head, he measures 18 feet (5.5 m). If he were standing, he would stretch to 28 feet (8.5 m).  

Due to the enormity of the statue, Lincoln's head is approximately 20% larger in proportion to his feet, otherwise, the human eye would see a head that was too small for the body.

Lincoln sits in a curule chair, a chair in ancient Rome that symbolized power and authority and was reserved for a magistrate.

Old Glory, the 36-star American flag of the Civil War is draped around the back of the chair.

Now take a look at the ends of the chair. At first glance, these two identical carvings appear to be the bindings of books. However, they are the fasces that you may have noticed outside.

The difference here is that we are inside the memorial. As with the inside of Rome's walls, the ax is prohibited.

The sculptor, Daniel Chester French, wanted to convey the two main qualities of Lincoln that he felt were important, Lincoln's thoughtful and compassionate nature (emancipation) as well as his forceful nature (prosecuting the Great War). 

If you look away too fast, you might not notice that Lincoln is asymmetrical. Look closely and you will see that one side of Lincoln (your right) is tense while the other side is relaxed.

Take a look at his face, eyebrows, hands, and feet as well as his clothing. Notice the differences?

Behind him etched into the wall is a quote, "In this temple, as in the hearts of the people for whom he saved the Union, the memory of Abraham Lincoln is enshrined forever."

To Lincoln's right (contemplative and thoughtful) is his most enduring speech, the Gettysburg Address.

It was a short and poetic speech that recalled the ideals of representative government defined by the American Revolution and placed the preservation of these ideals as the cause of the Union in the Civil War while calling for a new birth of freedom.

Because the aim of the memorial was to celebrate the reunification of the northern and southern states over the emancipation of slaves, the symbols and images of the latter are secondary.

Click the image to enlarge.

Directly above the Gettysburg Address is the painting entitled Emancipation, painted by Jules Guerin.

According to the National Park Service ,  "Jules Guerin represents emancipation using allegorical images. At center, the Angel of Truth breaks the bonds of slavery. The seated figure to the left holds the sword of Justice and the scroll of Law. On the right sits Immortality attended by the standing figures of Faith, Hope, and Charity."

To Lincoln's left is his favorite speech, his second Inaugural Address . This is the speech he gave during the midst of the American Civil War when he was elected to the presidency for a second time.

The most famous line from this speech is "...charity towards all, malice towards none." This is also the speech that has a spelling error in it!

There are a lot of interesting stories about the Lincoln Memorial, only some of which are proven true. Here are some of the common ones we've heard on tours.

Is there a face on the back of Lincoln's Head?

It is true that Robert E. Lee lived in Arlington House, which is directly across the river from the Lincoln Memorial.

It is also true that if you stand at the right angle and look at the profile of Lincoln's statue, it does look like the profile of Robert E Lee looking back on his own home.

It is not true however that this was done on purpose. Lincoln just had wavy hair!

Are Lincoln's hands in an A and L for his initials in American Sign Language?

Lincoln's hands do form two different shapes that look like an A and a L.

Sculptor Daniel Chester French did have a son who was deaf; however, there is no indication that French designed Lincoln's hands to reflect these two letters of the ASL alphabet.

Rather, Lincoln's statue is meant to portray two sides of the same man - the determined side (the fist) and the compassionate side (the relaxed hand)

Is there a misspelled word on the Lincoln Memorial?

This one is TRUE! Kind of, it has been fixed but you can still see it if you know where to look.

Was the Lincoln Memorial damaged during WWII?

Another true one! There was an accidental firing of a weapon in Washington, DC that damaged some of the exterior of the memorial. Look at the upper right corner where the states are listed and you'll see a section that looks a little cleaner and newer than the rest.

Is Lincoln buried under the Lincoln Memorial?

Nope. There is a lot of dust, graffiti, and asbestos down there but no presidential remains. Lincoln is buried in Springfield, Illinois.

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